Neuroleptic - kuti ... Action neuroleptics. mndandanda wa neuroleptics

Neuroleptic - mankhwala wapadera kuti ntchito zosiyanasiyana matenda a m'maganizo. Childs, zipangizo amenewa ntchito zochizira syndromes neuropathic, psychosis, mankhwala angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo a. Komanso, mankhwala antipsychotic ndi akuchipatala kuteteza mawonetseredwe chachikulu cha matenda m'bongo mwa anthu.

Zotsatira waukulu lokonzekera

Zotsatira za neuroleptics ndi m'zigawozigawo. Waukulu pharmacological khalidwe - ndi mtundu wa zotsatira pansi anthuwo, omwe amakhala ndi kuchepetsa mchitidwe zikuchitika kunja, zofooketsa affective mavuto ndi nsautso, ndi yimitsira mantha, utachepa ndewu. mankhwala Antipsychotic akhoza kupondereza kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo, zinyengo ndi zizindikiro zina amisala, ndi zotsatira achire ku odwala matenda oyambitsa misala ndi matenda ena obwera chifukwa choganiza kwambiri.

Ena mankhwala a m'gulu limeneli ndi ntchito antiemetic zochita za neuroleptics zimatheka chifukwa chosankha chopinga chemoreceptor choyambitsa (akapsa) zigawo zina za medulla oblongata. Ena antipsychotics angakhale ndi sedative kapena mphamvu (ndimalimbikitsidwa ndiponso zimandipatsa mphamvu) kwenikweni. pali zinthu deta yodziwika kudzera normotimicheskoe ndi kanthu antidepressive.

Pharmacological katundu pa mankhwala osiyanasiyana neuroleptic chimaoneka digiri osiyana. Kuphatikiza zotsatira yaikulu antipsychotic ndi zina amasonyeza mbiri mmene awo komanso nkhani.

Kodi antipsychotics?

Antipsychotics - mankhwala ogwetsa chikoka pa reticular mapangidwe a ubongo. deta mankhwala Action unagwirizanitsanso ndi chikoka pa yatsoka ndi atagwira malemeredwe pamaulalo zosiyanasiyana za dongosolo chapakati ndi zotumphukira mantha. Masiku ano, ambiri anaphunzira kwambiri ndi neuroleptics mkhalapakati chikoka pa njira mu ubongo. Asayansi anapeza deta okwanira pa zotsatira za wothandizila izi pa adrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic, ndi GABAergic mtundu njira zina monga zotsatira pa neuropeptide ndi dongosolo ubongo. Makamaka kwambiri chidwi posachedwapa analipereka kwa ndondomeko ya mogwirizana kwa dopamine nyumba ubongo ndi neuroleptics. Pamene chopinga wa ntchito nkhoswe ya dopamine limapezeka zotsatira waukulu mbali ya mankhwala, akufotokozera otchedwa neuroleptic matenda yodziwika ndi zipolowe extrapyramidal, mwachitsanzo, monga musanaganizire minofu chidule, akathisia (m'chikaiko chowakaikitsa), parkinsonism (kugwedeza minofu chinthu chimodzimodzi), m'chikaiko chowakaikitsa, malungo . Amenewa zimatheka chifukwa zotsatira kutsekereza wa neuroleptics mu nyumba subcortical kwa ubongo komwe isanafalikire ambiri maselo amene amazindikira dopamine.

Amaonetsa mphamvu ya mankhwala antipsychotic - ndi nthawi kuti awongolera chithandizo ndi poika correctors wapadera (mankhwala "Akineton", "Cyclodol").

pharmacodynamics

Neuroleptic - mankhwala, kuchita zolandilira chapakati dopamine amakwiya ena matenda endocrine, kuphatikizapo muulamuliro awo zolimbikitsa mkaka wa m'mawere. Pamene kutsekereza neuroleptics pituitary dopamine zolandilira kumatheka katulutsidwe wa prolactin. Timvere ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha kwa, mankhwala ziletsa katulutsidwe kukula timadzi ndi corticotropin.

Antipsychotics - mankhwala ndi yochepa theka moyo mu thupi, ndipo pambuyo boma limodzi, ali ndi lalifupi kwenikweni. Asayansi analenga mankhwala wapadera ndi nthawi yaitali kanthu ( "DITT zofikira", "Geloperidola decanoate," "Piportil L4", "klopiksol zofikira"). antipsychotics nthawi zambiri pamodzi ndi mzake m'mawa kutenga mankhwala zolimbikitsa tingati lachiwiri - ndi sedative. Pofuna mpumulo affective-onyenga syndrome bwino kutenga antidepressants molumikizana ndi antipsychotics.

zikuonetsa

Kulandira antipsychotics Kwalamulidwa, makamaka kuchitira nozogeny akhate zochita (tcheru zosiyanasiyana) ndi aakulu somatoform ululu matenda.

Malamulo kupereka deta

chithandizo neuroleptic amasankha ndi sekondale kopita achire mlingo, kenako kuunikira mmene kusankha kuti m'pofunika kusintha mlingo. Mlingo wa neuroleptics msanga wamkulu ndi kukula, amene ali Kenako yafupika nthawi 3-5, ndiponso chithandizo amakhala khalidwe odana Kuthandiza. Kusintha anatumizidwa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ndi mosamalitsa anthu paokhapaokha. Pa mlingo yokonza Patapita akamafika kufunika kwenikweni achire. Kuchititsa mankhwala odana muyambirenso bwino mankhwala amene kanthu yaitali. The njira ya utsogoleli wa mankhwala psychotropic n'kofunika. Pa siteji koyamba mankhwala, utsogoleli parenteral tikulimbikitsidwa imene mpumulo zizindikiro amapezeka mofulumira (mtsempha bolus, mtsempha kukapanda kuleka, mu mnofu). Komanso makamaka pakamwa kutenga neuroleptics. Mndandanda wa mankhwala zothandiza kwambiri adzapatsidwa pansipa.

Mankhwala "Propazin"

chida kuli ndi phindu sedative, kumachepetsa nkhawa ndi locomotor ntchito. Mankhwala ntchito matenda mmalire odwala ndi matenda somatic, ngati pali ovutitsa, phobic matenda, obsessive. Tengani mankhwala mkati 2-3 pa tsiku kwa 25 mg, ngati n'koyenera - mlingo akhoza ziwonjezeke kwa 100-150 mg wa pa tsiku. Ntchito mlingo ka maonekedwe a matenda Parkinson, monga ulamuliro, si anati.

Mankhwala "Etaperazin"

Antipsychotic medicament ali ndi mphamvu zotsatira ndipo zimakhudza syndromes kuti yodziwika ndi ulesi, chisokonezo, ulesi. Komanso, mankhwala "Etaperazin" ntchito zochizira neuroses, limodzi ndi nkhawa, mantha, nkhawa. Mlingo tsiku la medicament ndi 20 mg.

Amatanthauza "Triftazin"

Protivobredovym mankhwala kumathandiza relieves matenda hallucinatory. The medicament ali zolimbitsa popatsana (ndimalimbikitsidwa ndiponso zimandipatsa mphamvu) kwenikweni. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa matenda a maganizo atypical ndi chodabwitsa yonse. Zochizira matenda somatoform mankhwala "Triftazin" pamodzi antidepressants ndi asamakhale ndi nkhawa. Mlingo wa medicament ndi 20-25 mg wa pa tsiku.

Mankhwala "teralen"

The medicament nazo ntchito antihistaminic ndi neuroleptic. Kukonzekera "teralen" ndi sedative wofatsa ndiponso kuli ndi ubwino mu sinestopaticheski ipohondricheskih zizindikiro malire kulembetsa zizindikiro choganiza kuti kukhala ndi somatogenic opatsirana, mawonetseredwe mtima mu pathologies neuro. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mchitidwe gerontological ndi Pediatrics. Akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito ku matenda awo sagwirizana ndi zilonda pakhungu. Mankhwala mkati mwa 10-40 mg wa patsiku, intramuscularly ntchito ngati njira 0.5%.

Amatanthauza "Tiridazin"

Mankhwala lili ndi zotsatira antipsychotic ndi zotsatira ululu popanda kuchititsa sedation ndi ulesi. Komanso medicament ochitachita zolimbitsa timolepticheskoe kanthu. Mankhwala yothandiza kwambiri pa ziwonetsero maganizo rastrojstvah, yodziwika ndi nkhawa, nkhawa, chilakolako chogonana. Mankhwalawa zinthu mmalire ntchito 40-100 mg wa mankhwala patsiku. Pamene zochitika monga neurasthenia, irritability, nkhawa, neurogenic zinchito m'mimba ndi matenda a mtima ndi kumwa mankhwala 2-3 pa tsiku kwa 5/10/25 mg. Premenstrual mantha matenda - nthawi 1-2 tsiku 25 mg.

Mankhwala "Chlorprothixenum"

mankhwala Antipsychotic ndipo limachita sedative, kumaonjezera zotsatira za mankhwala zachinyengo. Ntchito mankhwala zinthu psychoneurotic yodziwika ndi mantha, nkhawa. Ntchito mankhwala akusonyeza mu gwero lachisokonezo, kuphatikizapo ndi maziko a matenda osiyanasiyana somatic, matenda tulo, zilonda pakhungu, boma subdepressive. njira 5-10-15 mg ndi mlingo, kutenga mankhwala kudya nthawi 3-4 tsiku.

Mankhwala "Flyuanksol"

chida ichi ali antidepressive, mphamvu, anxiolytic kwenikweni. Mankhwalawa limati maganizo kutenga apathic 0.5-3 mg wa mankhwala patsiku. Zochizira matenda choganiza ndi subdepression, asthenia, hypochondriacal mawonetseredwe tsiku mlingo ndi 3 mg. Medicament "Flyuanksol" sayambitsa kugona kwambiri masana ndipo alibe mphamvu pa cholinga.

Amatanthauza "Eglonil"

Mankhwala zolimbana amasintha CNS, ali zolimbitsa neuroleptic ntchito, amene pamodzi ndi ena antidepressant ndi zotsatira stimulant. Izo ntchito zinthu zomwe yodziwika ndi kufooka, ulesi, anergy. Gwiritsani odwala ndi somatoform, somatisation matenda pa maziko subdepressive maganizo ndi khungu matenda limodzi ndi kuyabwa. mankhwala Izi makamaka anasonyeza ntchito odwala amene ali mawonekedwe zobisika za maganizo, senestopaticheskie matenda. Amanenanso kuti azimwa mankhwala "Eglonil" maganizo ndi kutchulidwa cephalgic syndrome, pamaso pa zomverera zotere vertigo ndi migraine. Chida ali ndi zotsatira cytoprotective pa mucosa chapamimba, choncho ntchito zochizira matenda monga gastritis, mmatumbo chilonda ndi m'mimba, azitsegula matenda amene amatupitsa. The mlingo - 50-100 mg wa patsiku, mlingo tsiku akhoza ziwonjezeke kwa 150-200 mg ndi ngati n'koyenera. Mankhwala akhoza kumwedwa osakaniza sedating antidepressants.

Zotsatira zoyipa za neuroleptics

Monga mankhwala ena alionse, zinthu zoipa, ndipo antipsychotics, amakambirana anthu amene ntchito njira zimenezi zikusonyeza n'zotheka chitukuko cha mavuto. Yaitali ntchito kapena kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo izi zingayambitse zochitika izi:

• Zonse zoyenda inapita patsogolo, munthu chosalungama ikuyenda mu madera osiyana, makamaka thamanga kwambiri. Onongani maganizo obsessive, kukhadzikika, kupeza malo omasuka, mungathe pokhapokha phwando mankhwala psychotropic.

• Pali gulu zonse eyeballs ndi minofu ya nkhope ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi, grimacing.

• Chifukwa cha kuwonongedwa kwa minofu nkhope kusintha nkhope yake. "Skewed" munthu akhoza sabwereranso ku wabwinobwino, kukhala ndi munthu mpaka imfa yake.

• Chifukwa neuroleptics akayakaya ndi kuponderezedwa ya ubongo akufotokozera maganizo kwambiri, amene kwambiri kumakhudzanso mphamvu ya mankhwala.

• Neuroleptic - mankhwala kumakhudza mwachindunji pa mundawo m'mimba, kotero mankhwala deta chithandizo angaone m'mimba kusapeza, pakamwa youma.

• Chotero zinthu amapanga neuroleptics monga thioxanthene ndi phenothiazine, kusokoneza masomphenya anthu.

antipsychotics atypical

mankhwala amenewa zotsatira wamkulu pa zolandilira serotonin kuposa dopamine. Choncho, anxiolytic ndi sedative zotsatira ali kutchulidwa kuposa antipsychotic. Mosiyana neuroleptics lililonse, iwo zochepa bwanji ubongo.

Taganizirani waukulu atypical antipsychotics.

Medicament "Sulpiride"

Izi mankhwala ntchito mankhwala zinthu monga matenda somatized maganizo, hypochondriacal, senestopaticheskie syndromes. The medicament ali zotsatira za mphamvu zochitika.

Mankhwala "Solian"

The kanthu chida akufanana ndi kukonzekera m'mbuyomu. Izo ntchito zinthu ndi hypobulia kusonyeza chidwi kuti cupping matenda hallucinatory-onyenga.

Amatanthauza "Clozapine"

Mankhwala ali olemba zotsatira sedative, koma sayambitsa maganizo. Ntchito mankhwala zochizira syndromes catatonic ndi hallucinatory-onyenga.

Amatanthauza "Olanzalin"

Mankhwala ntchito matenda psychotic ndi matenda catatonic. Ndi ntchito yaitali mankhwala angathe kunenepa.

Mankhwala "Risperidone"

Izi zikutanthauza atypical ntchito Ambiri. Kusankidwa mankhwala lili ndi zotsatira ndi zizindikiro hallucinatory-delirious, catatonic chizindikiro, obsessive-zinazake matenda.

Amatanthauza "Rispolept-Consta"

Iyi ndi nthawi wotenga mankhwala kuti limakhazikitsa odwala matenda. Komanso zikutanthauza mapulogalamu mkulu efficacy ndi pachimake hallucinatory-akhate syndromes endrogennogo chiyambi.

Medicament "Quetiapine"

Izi mankhwala, ngati antipsychotics ena atypical, zimakhudza onse dopamine ndi pa zolandilira seratoninovye. Izo ntchito mu akhate, hallucinatory syndromes, wosangalala monyanyira chisangalalo. Mankhwala ali antidepressant ndi amtengo kutchulidwa stimulatory kwenikweni.

Mankhwala "Ziprasidone"

Zikutanthauza mikhalidwe dopamine D-2 zolandilira, 5-HT-2 cholandilira ndi midadada ya reuptake wa norepinephrine ndi serotonin. Izo zimatengera nchito zake mankhwalawa matenda pachimake hallucinatory-onyenga ndi affective. Ntchito mankhwala ali contraindicated pamaso pa arrhythmias ndi kuvutika a dongosolo mtima.

Amatanthauza "Aripiprazole"

Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mitundu yonse ya matenda psychotic. Mankhwala kumathandiza kuti abwezeretse ntchito chidziwitso mu mankhwala akuchita misala.

Amatanthauza "Sertindole"

Ntchito medicament pamene limati inertly-apathic, mankhwala bwino ntchito chidziwitso, kugwira ntchito antidepressant. Ndi kugwiritsira ntchito bwino mankhwala "Sertindole" mu matenda a mtima - zingachititse arrhythmia.

Mankhwala "Invega"

mankhwala kumathandiza aggravation catatonic, hallucinatory-onyenga, zizindikiro psychotic odwala ndi akuchita misala.

Zotsatira zoyipa za antipsychotics atypical

Action mankhwala monga "Clozapine" "olanzapine" "Risperidone", "Ariprazol" chodabwitsa limodzi ndi chidwi neyrolepsii ndi endocrine kusintha zomwe zingachititse kunenepa, chitukuko bulimia, kuwonjezera mlingo wa mahomoni ena (prolactin). Mankhwalawa mankhwala "Clozapine" pangakhale khunyu ndi agranulocytosis. Kuvomereza amatanthauza "Quetiapine" zimachititsa tulo, mutu, kuchuluka chiwindi transaminases, kuwonjezeka mu thupi.

Dziwani kuti lero, asayansi anapeza mfundo zokwanira zosonyeza kuti ndi wapamwamba koposa antipsychotics atypical pa lililonse si kofunika kwambiri. Ndipo polandira iwo anapatsidwa ntchito neuroleptics mmene kwambiri kusintha alili si anati.

Achire wa neuroleptics

Monga mankhwala ena aliwonse, ali katundu psychoactive, mankhwala antipsychotic chifukwa chaukali maganizo ndi thupi chidakwa. Mwadzidzidzi achire mankhwala lingachititse chitukuko cha mokwiya amphamvu, maganizo. Munthu wamkulu kwambiri akuchedwa, adzangokumvera. Komanso angaoneke zizindikiro za matenda, mankhwala umagwiritsidwa antipsychotics.

Kuyambira mfundo zokhudza thupi la view maonekedwe a milandu ofanana ndi zizindikiro mankhwala neuroleptic pa chiyembekezo chakuti: Munthu tikuvutika ndi ululu mafupa, amadwala mutu, kusowa tulo. Angathe nseru, m'mimba ndi matenda ena matumbo.

Psychological kudalira salola munthu kusiya ntchito ya ndalama izi, chifukwa limamupweteka kuopa kwawo ku wachisoni, moyo wosasangalala.

Kodi kusiya kumwa neuroleptics, popanda kusokoneza boma yachibadwa thanzi? Choyamba, muyenera kudziwa kuti ntchito mankhwala antipsychotic popanda mankhwala dokotala ndi contraindicated. Only katswiri wodziwa akhoza mokwanira kuwunika mmene wodwalayo komanso chithandizo choyenera. Komanso, adokotala kupereka malangizo pa kuchepetsa mlingo wa mankhwala ankadya. Mlingo ayenera kuchepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, popanda kuchititsa kusapeza kwambiri. katswiri Komanso n'kukulemberani antidepressants, umene kuthandiza boma maganizo wodwalayo ndi kuteteza chitukuko cha maganizo.

Neuroleptic - chida zachipatala kuti amalola kuti matenda a maganizo a munthu. Komabe, kupewa chitukuko mavuto, kukhala Tsatiraninso malangizo a dokotala ndipo musalankhule medicate. Khalani wathanzi!