World oti muli nazo zida (chithunzi). Makina sitima oti muli nazo zida panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri

Mwambo ntchito oti muli nazo zida sitima kuyenda mu Soviet Union anayambira Civil nkhondo. Masiku amenewo, iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito nkhondowo thandizo mayunitsi nkhondo ndi munthu mwatsatanetsatane ntchito paokha. Mu nkhani ya oti muli nazo zida ofunika avundulidwe liwiro ndi zoyendayenda, firepower ndi zida amphamvu. Oti muli nazo zida World nkhondo II Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mphamvu samatha kwa zoyendera mankhwala ndi katundu wofunika.

Mu kugwa kwa 1920 ngati gawo la Bolshevik Army, panali oposa 100 sitima oti muli nazo zida. Koma ndi 1924 chiwerengero chawo chinali laling'ono kwambiri, monga asilikali ulamuliro zida zankhondo, amene sitima anatitumiza kwa muyezo, osaganizira iwo chida mwaluso, ndipo imakhudzanso mfuti onse wamba nsanja.

Zitsulo sitima ku WWII

sitima oti muli nazo zida mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse anamalizidwa mu mayunitsi ndi chigawo. Mwachitsanzo, sitima oti muli nazo zida "Kuzma Minin" ndi "Ilya Muromets" anali mbali ya 31 TH Division wa Gorky palokha sitima oti muli nazo zida. M'gulu mankhwala oti: wakuda nthunzi sitima S-179 oti muli nazo zida railcar DB 39, awiri oti muli nazo zida magalimoto BA 20 njinga zamoto atatu ndi magalimoto khumi ndi kampani M'gulu-matope. Panali 340 anthu magawano.

sitima oti muli nazo zida panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ankagwiritsa ntchito kuchokera pachiyambi mpaka chigonjetso. Kupatula chakuti iwo anathandiza oyenda, amene anali kumenyana pamodzi njanji, anali ntchito kugonjetsedwa adani okwerera sitima kulondera nyanja ndipo anali potsimikizira-batire moto pa mdani zida zankhondo.

sitima izi kotero bwinobwino ntchito mu miyezi koyamba nkhondo kupanga awo anayamba mmizinda mwakamodzi. Kulengedwa kwa oti muli nazo zida osiyana kwambiri. Iwo ankadalira mphamvu ya ogwira ntchito yomanga, ambabala magalimoto nkhondowo ndi kukhalapo kwa zitsulo zida ndi akanema zida. Ndi chiyambi cha nkhondo zambiri za sitima linapangidwa imaphunzitsa Bryansk mbewu. fakitale iyi inatulutsa osati zida zankhondo oti muli nazo zida nsanja sitima, koma kupatsa, okonzeka ndi mpweya chitetezo zikutanthauza.

Oti muli nazo zida antiaircraft chitetezo ku Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo anapanga zopereka kwambiri kutetezeredwa okwerera sitima ku ndege adani, kumenya nawo osiyana-kakulidwe antiaircraft mfuti ndi mfuti za makina DSK.

Oti muli nazo zida World. Kodi zochuluka?

Pa June 22, 1941 asilikali Russian inkakhala 34 kuwala ndi 19 lolemera sitima oti muli nazo zida, amene anali 53 oti muli nazo zida sitima, oposa 100 malo zida zankhondo 30 nsanja chitetezo mpweya ndi 160 magalimoto oti muli nazo zida, kuti zikope pamodzi sitima ya. Likupezeka anali naini bronedrezin ndi angapo magalimoto oti muli nazo zida za galimoto.

Kuwonjezera asilikali, sitima oti muli nazo zida anali ndi asilikali NKVD. Mu lamulo awo anali oti muli nazo zida 23, 32 mfuti nsanja 7 magalimoto oti muli nazo zida ndi oposa 30 magalimoto oti muli nazo zida.

Kuweta Red Army oti muli nazo zida sitima

Mtundu wotchuka sitima oti muli nazo zida pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World udaikidwa pa 42 chaka TH ya sitima oti muli nazo zida BP 43.

The zikuchokera sitima analowa broneparovoz Miyambo 43, amene anaikidwa pakati pa pawiri ziŵiri nsanja zida zankhondo mu mutu wa sitima oti muli nazo zida ndi chomwecho pamapeto awiri odana ndege nsanja ndi nsanja 2-3 yonyamula zida, kukonza zipangizo sitima ndi njanji mayendedwe. Analinso ndi awiri sitima oti muli nazo zida anali BA-20 ndi BA-64 ndinazolowera kusuntha mwa mayendedwe njanji.

Army 21 oti muli nazo zida sitima ya mtundu uwu zachitika, ndipo pafupifupi kwambiri kwa NKVD.

Luso deta njira oti muli nazo zida

World oti muli nazo zida, "katundu" chitsanzo, zida ndi mfuti 107 mm, chimene chingalowe kugunda pa mtunda wa makilomita 15. Zitsulo pepala mpaka 10 cm wandiweyani, anatetezera ndi ingress wa zipolopolo zida zankhondo, amene kukula anafika 75 mm.

Mmodzi refueling madzi, mafuta mafuta ndi malasha oti muli nazo zida zokwanira pa liwiro la 45 Km / h kuyendetsa dongosolo la makilomita 120. Lina - 10 matani khala ndi matani 6 mafuta mafuta. The zithetsedwe kulemera kwa sitima oti muli nazo zida anafika matani 400.

Gulu nkhondowo m'gulu: Lamulo, Control platoon, platoons awiri a zida zankhondo mfuti nsanja ndi ndege mfuti adalira, gunners platoon, detachment, ndi udindo kayendedwe ndi samatha sitima, adalira ndi platoon magalimoto oti muli nazo zida, zomwe zili mu dongosolo la makina 2-5 kuthamanga pa njanji .

Oti muli nazo zida World. The German chitsanzo,

Patsogolo ntchito "Barbarossa" ndi lamulo German anakonza kuti atchule ochepa sitima oti muli nazo zida, ndinazolowera njanji Russian. Iwo anali ochepa, General Wogwila Ankhondo ku Germany apatsidwa moperewera ntchito pa khalidwe la nkhondoyi. Mwachitsanzo, mpaka 1942 anali kulondera kumbuyo yakumadzulo / mzere kuchokera zigaŵenga zankhondo lapansi. Ndipo patapita nthawi yaitali, anayamba kuphunzira bwino njira ya ntchito njira zimenezi mwa asilikali Union, Germany anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito sitima oti muli nazo zida nkhondo asilikali.

Total German Army pa East Front nawo pafupi 12 sitima oti muli nazo zida ndi angapo dazeni railcars oti muli nazo zida. Panali milandu pamene dziko la Germany ntchito analanda sitima Soviet.

mbali German nyimbo oti muli nazo zida

German oti muli nazo zida №№26-28 anali thanki kapena zida zankhondo nsanja zitatu ndi ngolo ziwiri oyenda, №№ 29-31 analemba za oti muli nazo zida awiri oyenda malo nsanja. Popeza kuti mapeto a 1943 kukhala sitima oti muli nazo zida kuti Mangirirani mahatchi kugaleta nsanja ndi dongosolo mpweya chitetezo. Sitima formulations amenewa okha oti muli nazo zida zashuga.

Malinga ndi ndewu ndi German sitima oti muli nazo zida sanali kokha mwaukadaulo m'mbuyo wosazindikira, koma firepower awo anali wofooka kwambiri. Choncho, lamulo la asilikali German anali muziwapeza kuthana ndi magulu zigawenga.

Mbiriyakale dueling Soviet ndi German sitima oti muli nazo zida

The nkhondowo mphamvu ya sitima Soviet oti muli nazo zida kwambiri anathandiza asilikali mu kugonjetsa Nazi Germany. Komabe, limagwirira, amene adzakhala mlingo wokweretsa umisiri mwina ukachitikire, sangachite chilichonse popanda gulu kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito. Choncho, makina sitima oti muli nazo zida panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri kunathandiza kuti chigonjetso. Pofuna kutsimikizira chakwanira kukumbukira Zomwe zinachitika ndi ku nkhondo.

Mu 1944, pa Kovel sitima ziwiri oti muli nazo zida anakumana ku Ukraine: Soviet "Ilya Muromets" ndi German "Adolf Hitler". Russian oti muli nazo zida makina sitima, mwaluso ntchito mtunda, anali kupirira dongosolo mu njira yakuti dziko la Germany sanaone iye ndi kuwombera mwachisawawa. Pa nthawi yomweyo, dziko la Germany gunners sitima anaona bwino. Pambuyo mwachidule artdueli German sitima oti muli nazo zida anawonongedwa pa nthawi imeneyo wophiphiritsa kwambiri ndipo ananeneratu Kuwonongedwa kwa achifasizimu onse. Kapangidwe wathu sakhala kumenya iliyonse. Ichi chinali chifukwa zochita mwaluso oti muli nazo zida madalaivala sitima. Ndipotu sayansi asilikali tikudziwa kuti mphamvu chakuthengo sizitanthauza kuti tidzapambana pa nkhondo. Ayeneranso see ndi skillfulness nkhondo.

Oti muli nazo zida ndi Nkhondo ya Stalingrad

M'chaka cha 1942, dziko la Germany anafika pafupi ndi mtsinje wa Volga ndi mzinda wa Stalingrad. mphamvu zonse zotheka anatumizidwa kuti amuteteze. Poteteza Stalingrad oti muli nazo zida kwambiri kukonda dziko lako amathandiza kwambiri kwambiri.

Mmodzi wa sitima yoyamba oti muli nazo zida kufika kwa mzinda, anali NKVD oti muli nazo zida sitima pansi №73 lapansi. Kwa September, iye sanabwere kuchokera nkhondo. The Germany mbukhafuna ndege, zida zankhondo ndi mortars, nsanja anayi adakhala wothyoledwa, koma sitima anali inawonongeka ndipo anatha osati angamenyane, komanso kupulumutsa wamphamvu kubwezera choipa kuponya ndi magawanidwe a asilikali mdani.

Pa September 14, pa mbali ya malo a, wapafupi Mamayev Kurgan, anatsika ndege mdani, akumzinga 40 zidutswa. Chifukwa cha mabomba kugwa pa nsanja ya zida cha kuphulika amphamvu kwambiri amene anawononga kwambiri ya sitima oti muli nazo zida. Kupulumuka adalira kuchotsedwa zida zonse zilipo kwa sitima ndi kuyenda kwa mtsinje. Patapita kanthawi, wina sitima oti muli nazo zida pansi pa nambalayi adzaoneka kutsogolo - analilenga asilikali Perm wakale wa dziko la 73rd oti muli nazo zida sitima. Iwo anakhala oyendetsa wake watsopano.

August 5 Stalingrad Front kunafikanso oti muli nazo zida sitima №677, amene anali miza ku 64th Army. Iye anagwirizira sitima kudutsa pafupi ndi mudzi wa kubeleka. Pa nthawi imeneyi, "zitsulo linga" ankatha kusonyeza ambiri kuukira thanki German. Uyamiko kwa Iye, chinthu "47-TH Km" anali kwa asilikali Russian. Patapita kanthawi, kuchirikiza kauntala-nkhondo ya Division 38 wa Strelets, oti muli nazo zida sitima anabwera pansi moto yoponya mabomba amene anaponya mabomba wake incendiary. Iye ankayenera kuti mupewe pa nkhondo mu kumbuyo kwa kukonza kuyambira analandira zoposa 600 chipolopolo mabowo ndi dents.

Komanso mu Nkhondo ya Stalingrad panafika oti muli nazo zida №№ 1, 708, 40 TH Division ndi wotchuka "zitsulo linga" "Kirov".

Alemekezeke Soviet sitima oti muli nazo zida mu Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse

Mu zaka zoyambilira za nkhondo ndi dziko la Germany anadabwa mphamvu ndi mamangidwe a sitima yathu oti muli nazo zida. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti Russian awo anamanga. Tinkaganiza kuti sitima ya kunja kwa America. Koma Ndipotu sitima onse oti muli nazo zida mu Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo ya 1941-1945 anamangidwa ku Soviet Union. Ndi nthawi ya German mbiri nkhondo ya kusuntha "linga" mu Soviet Union ali khumi kuposa wina. Mu Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni oti muli nazo zida mwakhama ntchito ndi maphwando osiyana. see awo, chitetezo ndi armament mosalekeza bwino. Choncho Anazi ndi kudabwa mwaluso mtundu wa chida mu nkhondo nawo.

Ife tinatchula wotchuka sitima oti muli nazo zida panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri.

Oti muli nazo zida Phunzitsani "Kuzma Minin"

Izi zikuchokera oti muli nazo zida anatembenuka kapangidwe bwino kwambiri. Linamangidwa m'nyengo yozizira 1942 mu Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod).

The zikuchokera oti muli nazo zida m'gulu: kum'patula oti muli nazo zida mapepala sitima, awiri zida zankhondo nsanja, awiri nsanja yokutidwa zomwe zachitika pa awiri thanki mfuti armament 76mm ndi mfuti za makina wophatikizidwa ndi iwo. Komanso, kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa sitima oti muli nazo zida anaikidwa odana ndege nsanja, ndi pakati - nsanja ndi Launcher roketi Launcher M-8. The makulidwe a zida mazunzo anali 45 mamilimita ndi chapamwamba - 20 mm.

Mfuti akhoza moto sitima patali mpaka 12 Km, kuwononga magalimoto mdani ndi mfuti za makina ndi chida Launcher anagunda mdani anthu oti.

Mphamvu ya sitima oti muli nazo zida za Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, limene lili pansipa chithunzi, ndi zodabwitsa. Kwenikweni ndi "chitsulo achitetezo pa njanji"

Oti muli nazo zida Phunzitsani "Ilya Muromets"

Anamanga "Ilya Muromets" mu 1942 mu mzinda wa Murom. chitetezo ake anali 45 mamilimita mapepala. Pa nthawi yonse ya nkhondoyo, sanalandire kuvulala iliyonse yaikulu. nkhondowo njira yake kudutsa mfundo zonse pamalo abwino yofunika ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World ndipo inatha mu Frankfurt pa-Oder. Chifukwa cha World izi oti muli nazo zida ali 7 mdani ndege, 14 zida zankhondo ndi matope mabatire, mfundo zoposa 35 thandizo, pafupifupi 1,000 asilikali German ndi alonda.

Pakuti kulimbamtima amasiyiratu asilikali oti muli nazo zida "Ilya Muromets" ndi "Kuzma Minin", anali mbali ya 31-TH mayunitsi osiyana anapatsidwa dongosolo la Alexander Nevsky. Mu 1971, "Ilya Muromets" mu Murom anaikidwa pa magalimoto ai.

Ena oti muli nazo zida sitima asilikali Soviet

Tatchulawa kumenyana sitima sanali yekhayo wa mtundu wake. Nkhani imene imathandiza ndi zina convoys oti muli nazo zida, anathandiza kwambiri mu Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Imeneyi imagwiranso kwa oti muli nazo zida sitima "Baltiets", anamanga pa mbewu Izhora. Iwo anali 6 mfuti thanki, 2 120 mamilimita matope ndi 16 mfuti. Iye anakhala nawo mbali pa chitetezo cha Leningrad, kuphimba akuyandikira kwa mzindawo kamodzi ndi emplacements 15 mfuti.

Komanso, pamene Nkhondo ya Leningrad yagoletsa sitima "obwezera anthu," oti muli nazo zida inamangidwa mu mzinda womwewo. Pa manja ace awiri mpweya chitetezo mfuti ndi zipolopolo ziwiri thanki ndi mzake 12 makina mfuti "limakhulupirira".

convoys oti muli nazo zida pambuyo pa nkhondo

sitima oti muli nazo zida za Great dziko lawo, zithunzi ali m'nkhani ino ndi ngwazi za nthawi yawo. Iwo adzipangira chopereka zikuluzikulu chigonjetso anthu athu Nazi Germany. Komabe, ndi mapeto a nkhondo zinaonekeratu kuti bwino zida zankhondo tsopano akhoza kuwononga njira monga magalimoto kuwala oti muli nazo zida. Komanso chiphunzitso cha nkhondo ano see ndi mwatsatanetsatane sayenda mayunitsi asilikali, oti muli nazo zida ndi mwamphamvu Ufumuyo yakumadzulo / imelo njira yaikulu kumachepetsa sayenda awo.

Pa mayendedwe chomwecho monga zida zankhondo, ndipo ndege anayamba zimene kuwonongedwa kwa sitima oti muli nazo zida pasakhale chinachake zovuta, ndi odana ndi ndege mfuti ndodo oti muli nazo zida sanathe kupereka chitetezo chodalirika. Chaka cha 1958, ena monga chitukuko ndi mamangidwe a njira otere kupitirirabe. Koma ndiye iwo anachotsedwa ntchito.

Panthawiyi zinachitikira ndi chidziwitso cha zimenezi asilikaliwo phiri mfuti m'sitima sanapite ku anaiwalika. Kumapeto kwa zaka 80-XX pa nkhondowo ntchito pa chikhalidwe chitetezo cha umphumphu wa zitsulo BZHRK (chida dongosolo pa yakumadzulo / imelo nsanja). Mu maonekedwe iwo alibe kumasiyana sitima wamba, koma mkati akhazikitsa njira dongosolo chida Launch. Ena mwa iwo anali zokwana nyukiliya.

Choncho "adzukulu" adzapitiriza ntchito ulemerero wawo "grandfathers" pofuna kuteteza dziko lathu.