Timur kayendedwe: Mbiri ya chiyambi, mfundo ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Mokulira Timurovtsev anali pafupifupi onse ophunzira USSR. Kufuna kuthandiza anthu ovutika anali zimachitika mwangwiro wabwinobwino nkhani iliyonse. Perhaps makhalidwe izi, mwinamwake, ndi maphunziro. Koma ayamikike ubale izi kwa dziko, ana awa timurovtsi adzakhale anthu enieni ndi zothandiza. Iwo anasunga miyambo ya Timur kayendedwe muyaya. Ndipo izi mwina chinthu chofunika kwambiri ...

Buku, omwe sakanakhoza kukhala

Timur kayendedwe anatuluka mu 1940. Ndiko kuti, pamene monga A. Gaidar lofalitsidwa m'buku lake lomaliza za mabungwe zaana, kuthandiza anthu. ntchito umatchedwa, ndithudi, "Timur ndi gulu lake."

Patapita mlungu umodzi, limodzi mavesi amene kale asindikizidwa. Komanso, lolingana wailesi anayamba. kupambana m'bukuli mophweka kwambiri.

Patapita chaka chimodzi, mankhwala kunapezeka ndithu lalikulu zedi. Ngakhale izi, izo zimayenera kusindikiza kangapo.

Ngakhale bukhu ili sangakhale pa masitolo. chakuti lingaliro la ana Gaidar kucheza kuti kusamalira okalamba, anayang'ana Muzisamala kwambiri. Kumbukirani zaka zingapo zapitazi anali 30s.

Mwamwayi, amene buku la ntchito anatenga mlembi wa Komsomol Mikhailov. Pamene bukhu linasindikizidwa panalinso mafilimu a dzina lomweli. Kutchuka chodabwitsa tepi anafotokoza umoyo wa chifaniziro cha protagonist lapansi. Timur anali chitsanzo ndi abwino a mbadwo wa achinyamata a m'nthawi imeneyo.

Trilogy za Timur

Ngakhale pamaso buku la ntchito Gaidar chidwi ndi mavuto ophunzira maphunziro a asilikali. Mulimonsemo, kuda zinthu za amenewa anasonyeza mu zolemba zake ndi ntchito zonse Timur. Za buku loyamba ife tatchulawa. Koma patapita kanthawi, wolemba analemba ndi mankhwala chachiwiri. Iwo ankatchedwa "The commandant wa linga wa chisanu." Otchulidwa kale chinkhoswe mu mtundu wa masewero nkhondo. Chabwino, pa chiyambi cha nkhondo Gaidar anatha kulemba filimu ndi "lumbiro la Timur". Kuyambira masamba, iye ananena za kufunika kwa gulu ana a mu zikhalidwe za nkhondo. Mamembala a dera lino udzakhala ntchito pa m'dima ndi mabomba. Iwo udzateteza m'dera la saboteurs ndi azondi kudzakuthandizani asilikali ndi mabanja a alimi ntchito zawo zaulimi. Kwenikweni, ndicho chimene chinachitika. Funso lina ndi ngati wolemba ankafunitsitsa ntchito zake Timur kulenga ena zina Waupainiya Organization ... Mwatsoka, ndi kwa ena ndi ife sitikudziwa.

Ganizo Gaidar

Akuti Gaidar m'mabuku a Timur, anafotokoza zimene zinachitikira mabungwe Scout pa 10-m zaka mazana makumi awiri. Komanso pa nthawi asogolera magulu a zofufuzafufuza. Ndipo mobisa, monga khalidwe lake Timur, kuchita ntchito zabwino, osati kuwafunsa Malipiro. Ndi lalikulu, achinyamata kuthandiza osowa, tsopano ndi odzipereka.

Ponena za bungwe lotero ana analemba mu nthawi zifaniziro zawo ngati wotchuka ngati Anton Makarenko ndi Konstantin Paustovsky. Koma Gaidar chimodzi chokha, wittingly kapena mosadziwa, anakwanitsa kubweretsa lingaliro ili moyo.

poyambira

Kodi mwambo chinali chiyambi cha Timur kayendedwe? yankho n'lodziwikiratu. Ndi pambuyo maonekedwe a buku za Timur Timur anayamba kuyenda mwamwayi. Palinso anali mayunitsi ziwalo.

Timurovtsi amakhala zoona, mbali ya dongosolo Union a Soviet maganizo. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo anatha kusunga mzimu wa volunteerism.

Timurovtsi achinyamata anali chitsanzo chabwino. Iwo amafuna kuchita ntchito zabwino, anathandiza anthu okalamba, anathandiza minda gulu, kindergartens, ndi zina zambiri. Mwachidule, panali tsopano misa kayendedwe ka ophunzira.

Amene anali tate Timur kayendedwe? The detachment poyamba anaonekera mu 1940 ku Klina kuti m'dera Moscow. Mwa njira, apa Gaidar analemba "osabvunda" za Timur ndi gulu lake. detachment uyu anali achinyamata asanu okha. Iwo anapita ku sukulu imodzi ya Klin. Zotsatirazi iwo magulu oterowo anatuluka ndi dera lonse la Soviet Union. Ndipo nthawizina mu umodzi mwa midziyo yaing'ono panali 2-3 magulu amenewa. Chifukwa cha malo awa, ndipo curiosities. Mwachitsanzo, achinyamata mobwerezabwereza akanadulidwa nkhuni za munthu wachikulire ndi katatu kusesa pabwalo ...

Nthawi ya Nkhondo Yaikulu

Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, Timur kuyenda mu USSR anali kukula mu kupitirira ndi masamu. Mu 1945, boma la Soviet Union anali kale pafupifupi 3 miliyoni timurovtsev. achinyamatawa kwenikweni anali singasiyanitsidwe.

mayunitsi amenewa ukugwirira ntchito m'nyumba ana m'masukulu, pa Palace ya Apainiya ndi mabungwe sukulu. Achinyamata ndi zothandizira mipingo yawo ya mabanja a alonda ndi asilikali anapitiriza kuthandiza yokolola.

mphamvu komanso anachita ntchito yaikulu mu zipatala. Choncho, Timurovtsev Gorky dera anatha kukonza anavulazidwa pafupifupi 10,000 zoperekedwa ankachita masewera. Iwo amakhala pa ntchito m'zipatala, m'malo a asilikali analemba makalata, ikuchitika angapo ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

Chitsanzo china Timur kayendedwe zinachitika m'chilimwe cha 1943. Sitima "Pushkin" msewu "Kazan -. Stalingrad" Pa bolodi ngati katundu - mphatso kuti anasonkhana Timurovtsev Republic.

Ndipo mu anazinga Leningrad ndi Anazi kayendedwe timurovtsev yotengedwa ndi tanthauzo lapadera. Mu 753 kumpoto likulu Timur detachments anachita achinyamata zikwi khumi ndi ziwiri. Anathandiza mabanja a anamenyela, olumala ndi pensioners. Iwo anali yogulira kwa mafuta, kukonza nyumba ndi kupeza osowa chakudya.

Mwa njira, pa chiyambi cha 1942 kuti gawo lonse la USSR woyamba misonkhano timurovtsev inachitika. Pa zochitika zimenezi, anauzidwa za zotsatira za ntchito yake ndi moyo.

Komanso pa nthawi iyi pali woyamba nyimbo Timur kayendedwe, pakati pawo "Zinayi wochezeka ana", "Kodi pamwamba ife kumwamba wathu," ndipo, ndithudi, "Song timurovtsev" Blanter. Kenako zinalembedwa ofala nyimbo monga "Gaydar akuyenda patsogolo," "Nyimbo ya Red Pathfinders", "mphungu kuphunzira kuuluka", "Timurovtsev" ndi zina zotero.

kumuwombera Ural

Tikabwerera pang'ono m'mbuyo nthawi ya nkhondo, mmodzi wa anthu otchuka magulu Timur anali detachment ya m'mudzi migodi Plast, m'chigawo Chelyabinsk. Iwo anali nawo achinyamata mazana awiri. Ndipo anawatsogolera 73 wazaka Aleksandra Rychkova.

Unit unakhazikitsidwa mu August 1941. Pa kusonkhana woyamba Rychkova kuti ntchito anayenera kwenikweni misozi. Pa nthawi yomweyo sipadzakhala titsate zaka. Iye analengeza kuti, ngati munthu kusintha maganizo ake, akhoza kusiya nthawi yomweyo. Koma palibe wina kumanzere. Ana anagawidwa m'magulu ndipo anatumizidwa kiyi.

Tsiku lililonse Rychkova anagawira ntchito dongosolo. Iwo Anathandiza osoŵa, m'tauni anauzidwa kutsogolo kwa zinthu, tinkachititsa zoimbaimba chifukwa ovulala ku chipatala. Komanso, iwo anasonkhanitsa mankhwala zidutswa zitsulo, matabwa kukolola, ntchito mminda, ndi zothandizira mipingo yawo ya mabanja a anamenyela. Iwo anadalira kwambiri malonda: timurovtsi kukwawa m'miyulumiyulu mabomba ndi miyala anasonkhana.

Tikumbukenso, ngakhale ntchito, achinyamata akadali kupitiriza kupita ku maphunziro kusukulu.

Motero, kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pa gulu mapangidwe anatha kupambana mbiri moona kwambiri. akuluakulu ngakhale apeza chipinda cha ana kwa ndodo yake. About Timurovtsev wa mzinda uno migodi mobwerezabwereza olembedwa periodicals. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, detachment umenewu ikutchulidwa mu Encyclopedia wa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo.

The ndondomeko ya merging ya Apainiya timurovtsev

Mu 1942 aphunzitsi zinali mu pa-. chakuti Timur mayunitsi Ndipotu, anayamba aithamangitse Waupainiya squads. Kumbukirani buku Timur kutiuza za "samodistsipliniruyuschemsya" timu. Ndi ntchito zonse achinyamata kutenga okha mavuto onse popanda akulu akulu angathe kumawayang'anira.

Chifukwa cha zimenezi, atsogoleri a Young League Communist anasankha kugwirizana ndi wogwirizana apainiya ndi timurovtsev. Patapita nthawi mamembala a Komsomol anatha kutenga nawo ulamuliro wake.

Mokulira imeneyi zinali ndi ubwino wake zoonekeratu ndi kuipa kwambiri. Activities timurovtsev ankaona zambiri mawonekedwe Apainiya ntchito.

nthawi unawonongedwa

Chikadzangotha kugonjetsa ankhondowo lopondereza timurovtsi anapitiriza kuthandiza anamenyela, olumala ndi okalamba. Iwo anayesa kusamalira manda a asilikali Red Army.

Koma nthawi yomweyo gulu anayamba kutha. Mwina chifukwa anali kuti timurovtsi ndi chikhumbo pang'ono kuti "adzaloŵa" msilikali wa gulu Waupainiya. Iwo anataya ufulu wawo wosankha.

Chitsitsimutso kuyenda yekha anayamba ndi "m'firiji pamtunda" Khrushchev a ...

60-80

History Timur kuyenda mu Russia anapitiriza. Nthawi imeneyi, achinyamata anapitiriza kuchita zinthu chikhalidwe zothandiza. The bwino anapatsidwa mphatso. Mwachitsanzo, khumi wazaka sukulu M. Nahangovoy Tajikistan anakwanitsa kuposa mlingo munthu wamkulu ndi kasanu ndi thonje yokolola. Iye anali kupereka dongosolo la Lenin.

Timurovtsi ndipo anayamba kugwira ntchito yofunafuna. Choncho, iwo anayamba kuphunzira moyo wa A. Gaidar ndipo zotsatira zake, anathandiza kutsegula Museum Wolemba mu mizinda yambiri. Mwadongosolo laibulale dzina la nyumbayi wolemba mu Kanev.

Ndipo mu '70s pamene Baibulo Soviet wa magazini wotchuka "mpainiya" chinapangidwa ndi otchedwa Union likulu Timur. Aonane panthaŵi inayake ndi milandu anali timurovtsev. Mwakhama analemba ndi kulankhula ndakatulo za Timur kuyenda. Mu 1973, mu msasa "Artek", woyamba Onse-Union masewera. chochitika panafika nthumwi zitatu ndi theka zikwi. Iwo anakwanitsa kutenga ngakhale pulogalamu Timur kayendedwe umalimbana chitukuko yogwira.

Onani malangizo awa zinalengedwa Bulgaria, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia ndi East Germany.

Kugwa ndi chitsitsimutso kayendedwe

Mu 90s oyambirira udindo wa Young Communist League ndi Young Apainiya anatsimikizidwa kuthetsedwa. mabungwe awa amawalandira unatha. Choncho, tsoka ngati ankamuyembekezera ndi Timur kuyenda.

Koma pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo adalenga "Federation of mabungwe Ana" popanda chipani cha ndyale. Patapita zaka zingapo, pulezidenti Russian analengeza chilengedwe cha kayendedwe Russian asukulu. Tikumbukenso kuti lingaliro ndi aphunzitsi amapereka.

Atatsala pang'ono izo mwalamulo zinapangidwa latsopano Timur (mongodzipereka) kayendedwe, zomwe cholinga chake ndi kuthandiza magulu osatetezeka.

nthawi yatsopano

Choncho, mu nthawi yathu ino mwambo wa gululi anapulumuka Timur. magulu zili mwa zigawo zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, mu oma kuti chigawo Ivanov ukugwira achinyamata kayendedwe timurovtsev. Monga kale, iwo osati kuthandiza osowa, koma kuyesetsa kukhala zothandiza anthu.

Ndine wokondwa kuti gulu ili kachiwiri kufalikira ponseponse ...