Kuzindikiritsa ndi njira yotetezera motsutsana ndi nkhanza zamkati

Anna Freud, pofufuzira za kukopa kwaukali, adatsimikiza kuti libido ndi nkhanza zili ndi chitsime chimodzimodzi - munthu wosadziŵa, ndikukhazikanso molingana ndi malamulo omwewo. Miyeso ya chitukuko cha galimoto yoopsa ndi yofanana ndi momwe ikuyendera njira yopangira galimoto, ndipo ali ndi njira zofanana zoteteza . Ndizogwirizana kwambiri. Koma kukopa kwaukali kuli ndi njira zina zotetezera: nthumwi ndi chidziwitso ndi wachiwawa.

Pa chitsanzo cha ntchito ndi ana Anna Freud akuwona njira zingapo zomwe angapangire kupanga mapangidwe a maganizo - chidziwitso ndi wachiwawa:

1) Mwanayo angadziwike ndi khalidwe laukali la munthu yemwe amawopa. Pankhaniyi, chidziwitso ndizofanana ndi munthu wina kudzera mu nkhope yake, zochita zake, fanizo la maganizo. Kotero, mwana yemwe, malinga ndi aphunzitsi, "anapanga nkhope" panthawi ya maphunziro, amangobwereza nkhope yake, yomwe inadziwika kwa psychoanalyst kuchokera kumbali.

2) Kuti athetse mantha, ana angathe kudzimana okhaokha kuti adzipeze njira zodzitetezera kwa iwo mwa kubwereza zizolowezi zowonongeka. Msungwana yemwe ankawopa mizimu, yomwe malingaliro ake anali mumsewu wamdima, adadutsa mlengalenga kuti agonjetse danga lino, akukweza manja ake, monga mzimu ukanakhoza kuchita. Muzochitika zoterozo, kufotokoza ndi kusintha kwa maudindo, pamene mwana aloŵa m'malo mwa chinthu chowopsya ndikukhala wotsutsa yekha.

3) Kawirikawiri ana amadziwika kuti alibe chinthu china, koma ndi mphamvu yake. Atakumana ndi chifuwa cha mphunzitsi wakuthupi, wophunzira anabwera kusukulu tsiku lotsatira ndi zida zosiyanasiyana, ie. Kuyesera kuti alowe mu mphamvu zake, mphamvu, chikhalidwe. Ndipotu, mphunzitsi sanawonetsere nkhanza, sanafune kulanga mwanayo, ndipo mwanayo sanawonetsere nkhanza ngati njira zotetezera kuntchito zonse zowopsya za amuna amphamvu. Muzochitika zoterezi, chidziwitso ndiwonetseredwe kapamwamba kwambiri kwa mwana-I, pamene wophunzira sakuwonetsa chiwawa, koma amapeza njira yotetezera mtsogolo ngati njira yotetezera. Kuphatikiza pa kupeza zida, mwana woteroyo akhoza kuyamba kusewera masewera, kulimbikitsa mphamvu zake zam'mimba.

4) M'maseŵera olimbitsa thupi, ana nthawi zambiri amawonetsa nkhanza, kuphunzitsa zokopa zawo, ngakhale kuti anthu akuluakulu kapena anzawo sakuchita nawo nkhanza. Mu masewera ovuta, chidziwitso ndi mtundu wa kuphunzitsa kukonda, pamene wokakamizidwa mkati amatha kuoneka ngati wankhondo, nyamakazi kapena wotsirizira.

Kuzindikiritsa ndi wachiwawa ndi njira yachibadwa yoyendetsa galimoto yanu, yomwe ingaphunzitsidwe kupyolera mu malingaliro, masewera, ndi masewera. M'madera amtundu wina, ana amagwiritsa ntchito nkhanza zawo kuti adziwone ndi gulu la anthu ena omwe amachitira nkhanza kuti akakhale nawo pagulu lawo. Kudziwika m'banja kumapezeka mwana ali ndi anthu ofunika, ndi makhalidwe awo, mwachitsanzo, Kuzindikiritsa munthu ndi njira ya chitukuko cha mwana, kumudziwa ndi anthu ena, mosasamala kanthu za kukopa komwe kumapezeka: kumenyana kapena kutayika.

Mphamvu ya kukopa kwaukali kumawonjezereka malinga ngati ikuletsedwa, mpaka mwanayo atha kulamulira, osadziwa mphamvu ndi mphamvu zake. Wachigwirizano wankhanza akhoza kukhala mwana yemwe analetsedweratu kuwonetsa chiwawa, komanso wina amene adawonetsa mosagonjetsa komanso nthawi zonse. Kuzindikiritsa zamatsenga, mwachitsanzo, Tsatanetsatane wa chigawenga ndi zizindikiro zazing'ono, mau kapena zizindikiro zina zonse zimangomusiya, koma sizikuthandizani kuthetsa vuto lake. Psychological and theagogical ntchito ndi chiwawa cha mkati, chomwe nthawi zonse "chatsekedwa" kuti chidziwonetsere, chiyenera kuchitidwa kuyambira ali mwana, maphunziro oyendetsa, kuwongolera ndi kuyisamalira.