Mphamvu kugwa. Nyutironi nyenyezi. mabowo wakuda

Mu mlengalenga, pali zinthu zodabwitsa zomwe zimadzetsa nyenyezi yatsopano n'kuzimiririka okalamba ndi kupanga mabowo wakuda. Chimodzi mwa zochitika zazikulu ndiponso zodabwitsa mokomera kugwa yokoka, amene anamaliza zamoyo wa nyenyezi.

Nyenyezi kusanduka - chingasinthe kayendedwe ka anayenda ndi nyenyezi m'nthawi ya linakhalapo (mamiliyoni kapena mabiliyoni zaka). Pamene wa hydrogen m'menemo ikutha ndipo inasanduka helium, helium phata aumbike, ndi danga chinthu umayamba kusintha mu chimphona wofiira - nyenyezi mochedwa-mtundu, amene ali luminosity mkulu. kulemera mwina upambana nthawi 70 unyinji wa dzuwa. supergiants yowala kwambiri amatchedwa zimphona Hyper. Kuwonjezera kuwala mkulu, ali yochepa kukhalapo.

Akamanena za kugwa kwa

zodabwitsazi imatengedwa kuti mapeto mfundo yaikulu ya zamoyo wa nyenyezi miyeso yawo ndi oposa atatu misa dzuwa (Sun kulemera). Khalidwe limeneli ntchito zakuthambo ndi sayansi kudziwa kulemera kwa matupi zina dziko. Kugwa amapezeka choncho pamene magulu yokoka chifukwa lingamutsatire matupi dziko la oikamo kudya m'mbuyo.

Mu nyenyezi kulemera kwa misa oposa atatu dzuwa mfundo zokwanira zochita yaikulu maphatikizidwe. Pamene mankhwala umatha, ayimitsa ndi zimene nyukiliya, ndi nyenyezi apitirira Kukhala umakaniko khola. Zimenezi zimabweretsa chakuti iwo anali paliwiro supersonic anayamba ndi kuotcha Chapakati.

nyenyezi nyutironi

Pamene nyenyezi wothinikizidwa, tidzapeza kuthamanga mkati. Ngati ilo limakula ndi mphamvu zokwanira kuletsa chidule yokoka, kumakhaladi nyutironi nyenyezi.

Chotero thupi akunja ali ndi dongosolo losavuta. Iwo wapangidwa wa pakati lomwe lili makungwa, ndipo nawonso, aumbike mwa ma elekitironi ndi mtima atomiki. wochindikala pafupifupi 1 Km ndi zimakhalanso woonda poyerekeza ndi matupi zina, kunachitika danga.

Kulemera nyutironi nyenyezi ndi Sun kulemera. Kusiyana pakati pa iwo kwagona kuti utali wozungulira wa ang'ono awo - zosaposa 20 Km. Mkati iwo chiyani wina ndi mzake mtima atomiki, potero kupanga nkhaniyi nyukiliya. Zinali kukakamizidwa ndi chipani chake sayankha nyutironi nyenyezi kuotcha zina. Mtundu nyenyezi yodziwika ndi mkulu kwambiri rotational liwiro. Iwo amatha kupanga mazana kusintha pa mphindi imodzi. Iwo imayamba kubadwa kwa supernova, zomwe zidzachitika kugwa yokoka ya nyenyezi.

supernovae

Supernova ndi chodabwitsa Star mwadzidzidzi kusintha kuwala. Kenako, nyenyezi akuyamba pang'onopang'ono ndipo pang'onopang'ono adzafota. Choncho mapeto gawo lotsiriza la kugwa yokoka. chiwonongeko onse limodzi ndi wambirimbiri mphamvu.

Tikumbukenso kuti anthu a lapansili kudzaona zodabwitsazi yekha zitachitika. Kuunika ukufika dziko patapita nthawi yaitali pambuyo mliri inkachitika. Zinali chifukwa cha mavuto kudziwa chikhalidwe cha supernovae.

Wozizilitsa nyenyezi nyutironi

Pambuyo kutsekedwa kwa psinjika yokoka, imene nyutironi nyenyezi kupangidwa, kutentha kwake ndi mkulu (apamwamba kuposa kutentha kwa dzuwa). Star akamazizira kudzera neutrino kuzirala.

Patangotha mphindi zochepa chabe, kutentha awo akhoza kugwa ndi nthawi 100. Pafupi zaka zana - ngakhale nthawi 10. Pambuyo Star luminosity amachepetsa ndondomeko yake kuzirala mochedwa pansi kwambiri.

Oppenheimer-Volkoff malire

Pa dzanja limodzi, chithunzi ichi chikusonyeza pazipita zotheka kulemera kwa nyutironi nyenyezi imene yokoka imalipidwa nyutironi mpweya. Iwo sapereka mpata kutha maonekedwe a yokoka kugwa kwa dzenje wakuda. Komano, otchedwa malire-Oppenheimer Volkova ali m'munsi pakhomo kulemera mabowo onse wakuda kuti inakhazikitsidwa m'zaka kusanduka Nyenyezi.

Chifukwa zingapo zolakwika n'zovuta kudziwa phindu lenileni la chizindikiro ichi. Komabe, amaganiza kuti ali mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera 2.5 kuti 3 dzuwa. Pa nthawiyi, asayansi kuti akwaniritse nyutironi nyenyezi ndi J0348 + 0432. Imatha kulemera ndi wamkulu kuposa awiri misa dzuwa. Kulemera kwa wakuda dzenje lightest ndi 5-10 misa dzuwa. Astrophysicists kuti deta awa experimental ndi ntchito kokha kwa pakalipano nyutironi nyenyezi ndi mabowo wakuda, ndipo amati kuti kuli a yaikulu kwambiri.

mabowo wakuda

Una wakuda - iyi ndi imodzi mwa zochitika zodabwitsa kwambiri zimene zimachitika mu mlengalenga. Ndi dera la malo nthawi imene kukopa yokoka salola zinthu zonse kutuluka izo. Siyani izo sizingakhoze ngakhale thupi, zimene zingatichititse pa liwiro la kuwala (kuphatikizapo photons kuwala). Mpaka 1967, mabowo wakuda, amatchedwa "nyenyezi mazira," "collapsar" ndi "nyenyezi zinagwa."

Mu dzenje wakuda ndi wosiyana. Iyo imatchedwa dzenje woyera. Monga tikudziwa, kuchokera mdzenje wakuda n'zosatheka kuthawa. Monga anthu oyera, ndiye iwo sangakhoze kudutsamo.

Kupatula kugwa yokoka, chifukwa mapangidwe dzenje wakuda akhoza kugwa pakati pa Way kapena diso protogalactic. Palinso maganizo amenewa mabowo akuda chifukwa cha Big Bang, komanso lathuli. Asayansi kuwatcha chachikulu.

Mu mlalang'amba wathu, pali munthu wakuda dzenje, limene, mogwirizana ndi astrophysicists, unapangidwa kuchokera kugwa yokoka ya zinthu supermassive. Akatswiri a sayansi amanena kuti mabowo izi kupanga maziko ya nyenyezi.

Akatswiri a sayansi ya la United States amati kukula kwa wokumbikakumbika wakuda akhoza kwambiri saganizira. mfundo zawo n'zochokera chakuti kuwafika nyenyezi liwiro yomwe kusuntha mwa Way M87 inali zaka 50 miliyoni kuwala kwa dziko lathuli, misa una wakuda lili pakati pa mlalang'ambawu M87 ayenera kukhala osachepera 6.5 biliyoni misa dzuwa. Pa nthawi, monga amaganiza kuti kulemera kwa chidzenje wakuda ndi biliyoni 3 misa dzuwa, limene ndi nthawi zoposa ziwiri zochepa.

Kaphatikizidwe mabowo wakuda

Iwo anena kuti izi zinthu uonekere chifukwa cha zochita nyukiliya. Asayansi ndawapatsa iwo dzina la mphatso kwadzidzidzi wakuda. awiri awo osachepera 10 ^-18 m, ndi kulemera zing'onozing'ono - 10 ^-5 mzinda

The Large Hadron Collider inamangidwa kwa kaphatikizidwe mabowo tosaoneka wakuda. Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti ndi kudzakhala kotheka osati kuti lithe una wakuda, komanso kuti yesezera ndi Big Bang, zimene recreate ndondomeko kupanga kuchuluka kwa zinthu danga, kuphatikizapo dziko lapansili. Komabe, kuyesera analephera, chifukwa mphamvu kulenga mabowo wakuda kosakwanira.