Mphamvu matenthedwe za magetsi ndi tanthauzo lake othandiza

Chifukwa Kutentha wochititsa kwagona kuti mphamvu ya ma elekitironi ukusuntha mwa iwo (mwa kulankhula kwina, mphamvu panopa) pa kugunda motsatizana particles ndi ayoni ya maselo latisi wa zitsulo amafotokozera ali n'kukhala mtundu ofunda mphamvu kapena Q, monga popangidwa ndi mawu akuti "matenthedwe athandizira".

ntchito Current chimaonekera ntchito dongosolo lonse mayunitsi, kutsatira thereto joules (J), mphamvu panopa anatsimikiza monga "Watt" (W). Atachoka ku dongosolo kuchita, mwina ntchito kuphatikizapo sanali SI mayunitsi kuti kuyeza ntchito panopa. Pakati pawo WH (W × h) ndi kilowatt maola (chidule kW × h). Mwachitsanzo, 1 × W H akutanthauza ntchito panopa ndi mphamvu yeniyeni 1 Watt ndi nthawi ya nthawi ola limodzi.

Ngati ma elekitironi kusuntha pamodzi wochititsa n'kupuma zitsulo, mu nkhani iyi lonse zothandiza ntchito kwaiye panopa ndi anagawira kwa Kutentha kapangidwe zitsulo ndi lagona pa chakudya cha chilamulo cha kusamala mphamvu, akhoza anafotokoza mfundo Q = A = IUt = I ² RT = (U ² / R) * T. Mchitidwe umenewu mwatsatanetsatane anasonyeza malamulo odziwika Joule. Mbiri yakale, icho poyamba anatsimikiza empirically wasayansi D. Joel pakati pa zaka za m'ma 19, ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo, payekhapayekha, ndi wasayansi wina - E.Lentsem. Othandiza kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu matenthedwe anapeza mu ntchito luso anatulukira ndi 1873 ndi Russian injiniya A. Ladygin wamba incandescent nyali.

Matenthedwe mphamvu linanena bungwe ndi opareshoni zingapo za magetsi magetsi ndi makhazikitsidwe mafakitale, ndicho mu matenthedwe zipangizo, Kutentha, monga mauvuni magetsi, kufufuza magetsi kuwotcherera zida ndi sizachilendo kwambiri zipangizo kugulira zotsatira magetsi Kutentha - boilers, soldering zitsulo, maketulo, zitsulo.

Lakumana ndi mmene matenthedwe makampani chakudya. Ndi chiwerengero mkulu wa ntchito magetsi Kutentha kuthekera kuti zipangitsa mphamvu matenthedwe. Ndi chifukwa panopa ndi mphamvu matenthedwe okhudza chakudya mankhwala, amene ali pamlingo winawake kukana, kuzipangitsa likamatenthetsa wogawana. Munthu angathe tchulani chitsanzo cha mmene sausages opangidwa kudzera nyama dispenser wapadera minced akulowa amatha kuumba zitsulo, makoma a amene amatumikira monga maelekitirodi. Pali amaperekedwa zonse yunifolomu Kutentha pa malo lonse ndi buku la mankhwala, kutentha anakhumba anakhalabe mulingo woyenera mtengo zamoyo mankhwala chakudya, pamodzi ndi zinthu izi nthawi ya ntchito njira zamakono ndi mowa mphamvu ndi otsika.

The enieni kutentha mphamvu ya magetsi zikusinthira (ω), mwa kulankhula kwina - kuchuluka kwa kutentha kuti adzamasulidwa pa wagawo buku mu zina wagawo nthawi kuchita masamu motere. Elemental cylindrical wochititsa buku (nkhanza za m'banja), ndi-gawo mtanda mawaya DS, utali DL, likufanana ndi malangizo a panopa, ndi kulimbana ndi aone kuti pali R = tsa (DL / DS) , nkhanza za m'banja = dSdl.

Malinga ndi matanthauzo malamulo Joule, kwa nthawi imene (Deuteronomo) mu kukhudzana buku anatengedwa kusanduka kutentha mlingo wofanana dQ = I ² Rdt = tsa (DL / DS) (jdS) ² Deuteronomo = PJ ² dVdt. Pankhaniyi, ω = (dQ) / (dVdt ) = PJ ^2, ndipo apa kutsatira malamulo Ohm chokhazikitsa panopa kachulukidwe J = γE chiŵerengero ndi tsa = 1 / γ, ife yomweyo kupeza mawu ω = JE = γE ^2. Ndi masiyanidwe mawonekedwe amapereka lingaliro la chilamulo Joule a.