Technopark - gulu ... Mbiri ya technopark

Mbiri ya m'mapaki mafakitale idayamba makumi asanu Mu zaka zapitazo. Inali pa nthawi iyi, University Stanford, ili m'chigawo cha California (USA), anaganiza kuti adzipereke Kusoweka ndi dziko makuponi kubwereka. mgwirizano ndi anapangana ndi mabungwe osiyana. Iwo anali makampani onse zazikulu ndi Makampani yaing'ono zikugwira ntchito zamakono.

Onse a mabungwe awa pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana boma. kupanga Small mwakuchita mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi yunivesite. Zimenezi zathandiza kwambiri, ndi wina kapena mbali inayo. Chifukwa, izo anapanga ammudzi kuti penapake anadzatchedwa pakachitsulo Valley.

kukhazikitsa Komanso polojekiti

Kuti kwathunthu kumanga m'dera wopanda ndipo yesa zofunikira zofunika, panatenga pafupifupi zaka sate. Zinali kukhazikitsidwa loyamba Technopark. Pakachitsulo Valley n'ngodziwika padziko lonse chifukwa athandizapo ake m'mafakitale zamakono. Makamaka anayamba pano monga kompyuta ndi zambiri zamakono.

Small Makampani, kuphatikizapo ndodo yake antchito awiri kapena atatu, unakula mofulumira, kukhala kampani ndi antchito osati chikwi. Mu 1981, makampani zoposa makumi asanu ndi atatu ntchito mu gawo, kumene paki izi mafakitale. Imeneyi zimphona monga Polaroid ndi Hewlett-Packard, ndi Azamlengalenga kampani "Lockheed" ndi atsogoleri ena makampani.

Ndi 80 ntchentche mu m'mapaki US mafakitale anayamba kuoneka ambiri. Amathandiza kuti chitukuko cha madera amene munali ndi ulova ndi zachuma. Ndipo lero mu United States ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri m'madera a mafakitale ndi sayansi. Chiwerengero iwo mlandu mmodzi mwa atatu chiwerengero cha dziko.

Zikamera wa m'mapaki luso mu Europe

Great lingaliro analowa pa nyanja mu 70s Mu zaka zapitazo. Zinali nthawi imeneyi pamene Scottish University of Edinburgh Center Research zinayambira. mabungwe ofanana chinayamba mu Cambridge pa Utatu College, ku Belgium pa Louvain-la-Neuve ndi zina zotero. D. Tehnoparkovyh kayendedwe ku Ulaya kumadalira chifukwa mavuto mu zaka 80. Zinali ndiye, pofuna kuthandiza wobvutika malo khala ndi makampani nsalu, Margaret Thatcher analamula kulengedwa kwa UK zopezera mabacteria mafakitale mu mayunivesite alipo. Mfundo imeneyi chatulutsa. Ndipo lero mu England bwinobwino ntchito za makumi asanu technoparks. Pali ena m'mayiko ena ku Ulaya. M'gawo lake la formations zoterezi 260.

m'mapaki European luso, kuphatikizapo malo zikwi ziwiri zosiyana luso, ntchito zachitukuko zinachitikira ake kunja. Izi awalola kudutsa njira wamfupi mapangidwe. "Business chofungatira" mu nthawi yochepa unakhala wotchuka kwambiri. ntchito yawo ntchito ndi makampani ang'ono ndi makampani, komanso gulu la dera anthu. Kodi ankaimba ndi paki mafakitale? Zinali kugwirizana pakati pa mafakitale ndi munda kafukufuku.

Technopark kuyenda mu China

zinachitikira American polenga mabacteria wapadera mafakitale wakhala atenga China. M'munda umenewu, dziko lakwaniritsa bwino zidzasintha chidwi kwa anthu padziko lonse. The inapita patsogolo chitukuko cha mafakitale zina zamakono ku China anali kunatheka chifukwa cha kutenga mbali yogwira boma.

Kale kumayambiriro 1986 boma linavomereza pulogalamu ya chitukuko cha sayansi. Mmenemo Boma patsogolo anthu akhala amadziŵika, zomwe pazikhalanso paki mafakitale. Space Center, sayansi ya kompyuta ndi zamagetsi, umisiri ndi kukonza majini, CHIKWANGWANI chamawonedwe aya, ndi mphamvu yopulumutsa umisiri mapolojekiti anafunika adzaikidwa mu dera limeneli. Komanso, zinakonzedwa kuti derali mafakitale ndi kufufuza monga ulimi wa kukhazikitsidwa kwa zipangizo zachipatala.

Thandizo boma

Patapita zaka ziwiri iye anayamba pulogalamu lotchedwa "muuni", umene unali sitepe yotsatira ntchitoyo, chimene amayenera kumanga paki mafakitale. Kunali kufuna wina wa boma, cholinga chimene anali ku malonda ndi mafakitale a patsogolo kale akwaniritsa polenga umisiri sayansi-tima. Pulogalamu "muuni" ankagwira mphamvu kupanga mtengo umene kuposa $ biliyoni 25.

Atsatire ntchito, monga technopark Zone lomwe kuwonjezera pa chitukuko cha umisiri watsopano ndi kulimbikitsa malonda awo kunyumba ndi katundu misika, anachita mbali yaikulu kukopa ndalama zakunja ndi zochitika zapamwamba kulengedwa.

China yoyamba mafakitale paki - ndi Beijing zone komanso ili m'chigawo cha Haydan. Popeza kutsegula ake unachitika mu 1988, dziko walenga 120 mayunitsi amenewa. Pankhaniyi, magawo fifite wa iwo akugwira ntchito pa kukhazikitsa malamulo a boma.

Boma Chinese wakhala thandizo kwambiri polenga m'mapaki luso. Ndipo ananena osati yambiri bizinesi. Pa mlingo boma akhazikitsidwa ndi zinthu zabwino ntchito m'malo amenewa. kuchepetsa ichi kapena asandilembe malipiro phindu msonkho pa kayendetsedwe ka ntchito yomanga likulu komanso kuthekera udindo ufulu kulowa zida kunja.

World Movement wa technopark

Mu Mipingo ya atumwi wotsiriza lingaliro la chilengedwe cha madera sayansi ndi mafakitale azipeza. Industrial m'mapaki inakhazikitsidwa osati maiko olemera. yomanga wawo unayamba mu Australia ndi Singapore, India, Malaysia, Brazil ndi Canada, komanso limati zina zambiri.

Yambani wa yomanga technoparks ku Russia

Chilengedwe cha mabacteria mafakitale ndi sayansi dziko lathu chinkhoswe mu 80s-90s. Iyo inali nthawi yovuta, pamene chotsatirapo cha mavuto a boma unatha ndalama makampani ndi ntchito za sayansi. N'kutheka kusunga ndodo oyenerera anali lingaliro kukhazikitsa zone, amene adzaikidwe Technopark. Center Ras mu Tomsk, Russian Utumiki wa maphunziro apamwamba a State Committee pa maphunziro, komanso makampani akuluakulu akhala oyambitsa yoyamba ya dongosolo izi. Izi paki mafakitale ndi katundu anthu.

Kenako chinachitika kusintha. Technopark anakhala JSC. Pa nthawi yomweyo cholowa cha umwini boma wakhala amagwa 3% mu thumba udindo.

Pambuyo Soviet nyengo

Young Russian technoparks anakumana ndi mavuto aakulu. Iwo amakhudzidwa ndi kupanda zinachitikira kasamalidwe mu zinthu zinasintha zachuma. M'zaka zimenezi m'madera mafakitale ndi sayansi takhala osadziwa amatha kupanga yojambula polenga umisiri watsopano. Iyo inali nthawi imene kutsogolo kwa ntchito iliyonse ogwira anali kupulumuka pulayimale. Technoparks zinthu zikatere ankatengedwa monga mabungwe angathe kulandira boma thandizo.

panali pulogalamu ya Utumiki wa Economy "m'mapaki Technology wa Russia" mu 1990. Bukuli linapangidwa zaka zisanu. Komabe, ndalama pulogalamu imeneyi saloledwa kugula katundu ndi bungwe zofunikira zonse zofunikira. Kuchuluka allocated ena mayunivesite apanga malonda, omwe anali kutali ndi sayansi.

Komanso boma ntchito

"Technopark" Association unakhazikitsidwa mu zaka. Patsogolo ntchito yake anali kuphunzira ndipo anatengera zinachitikira mayiko zinthu Russian. Komanso, Association anali kuchita mabodza chilengedwe ntchito ya m'mapaki luso, monga mgwirizano ogwira thandizo ndi chitukuko cha malonda ang'onoang'ono nzeru.

Mu ntchito iyi, boma la Russia si nkhani, komanso thandizo malamulo. Komabe, ankaona kuti zolimbikitsa aliyense msonkho sayenera kugwiritsa ntchito paki luso. Yopanga ndikofunikira kugwira pansi zinthu zomwezo zimene zakhazikitsidwa m'dziko lonselo. Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti m'madera omwe mwinamwake mosavuta kuwasandutsa zikawonongeka mkati kumene chuma anasonyeza.

Ndi pulogalamu m'ma 90 "Technopark" mu Russia wapitiriza apeze patsogolo. chiwerengero cha mabacteria ngati wakula. chilengedwe chonse zinachitika pa maziko a malo kufufuza za thupi boma. Komabe, panali kulekana mu chitukuko Pamagulu amenewo. The zapamwamba kwambiri ndi m'mapaki sayansi mu Tomsk ndi Moscow, St. Petersburg ndi Zelenograd, Chernogolovka ndi Ufa.

Technopark mu Saransk

Yachokera pa zimene lonse, tikhoza kunena kuti paki mafakitale - ndi zone wapadera zachuma ndi kukula mofulumira makampani mkulu luso. N'chifukwa chake mayunitsi amenewa ali pansi pa ulamuliro wapadera wa boma, ntchito osauka iwo lakhazikitsidwa ndi mutsogoleli wa Russian Federation Vladimir Putin mu 2005 Pambuyo pa zaka zisanu inatha chitukuko cha pulogalamu feduro kukhala Russia ndi mafakitale ndi sayansi m'madera m'munda wa umisiri mkulu. Pakali pano, dziko lathu watsegula technoparks khumi. M'pofunikanso kuti mu December 2014 kukhazikitsa dongosolo la feduro yatha yonse. Zikuoneka kuti ntchito bajeti ya m'mapaki onse luso adzakhala mkati 55%. Pankhaniyi, iwo adzamasula osachepera 12% ya mankhwala katundu.

ntchito ina

Chimodzi mwa zinthu pulogalamu la feduro inali yovuta "Technopark wa Mordovia". yomanga ake anayamba pambuyo kusaina kuti ndi Putin, lofalitsidwa 12.09.2008, malo okwana kapangidwe ndi pafupifupi 6,000 sq.m. Pa m'gawo lake makampani ili osauka mapulogalamu, komanso mabungwe amenewo, ntchito zimene zimagwiritsa chilengedwe mfundo ndi chilengedwe cha zinasokoneza makompyuta pamaziko a umisiri wamakono.

Pakutha 2014 zovuta ndi "Technopark wa Mordovia" unayambitsidwa mu gawo lachiwiri. Pakali pano, magawo a ntchito zone bwinobwino makumi asanu wina wokhala kampani, kupereka ntchito 1634. Onse pachaka ndalama za Technopark - 1 biliyoni rubles ..

Technopark mu Togliatti

Yaikulu sayansi ndi mafakitale zone ya Russia ndi Zhiguli Valley. Izi paki mafakitale, anamanga pafupi ndi mzinda wa Togliatti. Malo m'dera la 65,000 sq. M Malangizo yaikulu ya technopark "Zhiguli m'chigwa." - kutumiza mauthenga ndi luso zambiri, mphamvu zopulumutsa ndi mphamvu Mwachangu, zoyendera mankhwala, komanso zochitika m'munda wa kufufuza malo.

Pakali pano, pali 22 makampani, chiwerengero cha zomwe m'tsogolo ayenera kukula kwa mazana.