Centrifugation ndi chiyani? Tanthauzo ndi mfundo za njira

centrifugation ndi chiyani? Kodi njira ntchito? Mawu akuti "centrifugation" amatanthauza kulekana kwa zinthu zamadzimadzi kapena particulate mu tizigawo tosiyanasiyana ndi mphamvu centrifugal. Iwo anagwira kupatukana ngati zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapadera - centrifuges. ndi mfundo ya njira chiyani?

centrifugation mfundo

Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane tanthauzo. Centrifugation - ndi yaikulu thunthu ndi mkulu-liwiro kasinthasintha mu gulu lapadera. Mbali yaikulu ya ozungulira aliyense centrifuge mutuluka amene limapangidwa mipata kwa machubu ndi zinthu zimene umamumvera kulekana mu tuzigawo twa payekha. Pa kasinthasintha wa ozungulira pa liwiro kuchuluka othandiza centrifugal mphamvu. Zinthu anaikidwa machubu mayeso, zinthu zosiyana anasiyanitsidwa pa kachulukidwe isanafike. Mwachitsanzo, ndi centrifuging zitsanzo za pansi ndi precipitate analekanitsa madzi zili particles m'menemo olimba.

njira Author

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, inali kudziŵika kuti ndi centrifugation, pambuyo zatsopano wochitidwa ndi ofufuza A. F. Lebedevym. Njira anayamba kupanga mwa akatswiri cholinga kudziŵa zikuchokera madzi nthaka. deta kale ntchito sedimentation madzi, kenako kulekanitsa icho kuchokera zitsanzo olimba. Development centrifugation njira adzalola kupirira ntchito mofulumira kwambiri. Chifukwa udani umenewu zinayamba kutheka kuti wachotsa kachigawo olimba kuchokera zinthu zamadzimadzi boma youma nkhani ya mphindi.

masiteji centrifugation

Masiyanidwe sedimentation centrifugation akuyamba ndi zinthu imvera kufufuza. processing Izi zimachitika mu zida zakuthupi-Mlendo. M'kupita kwa anayendetsa nkhaniyi particulate anasiyanitsidwa ndi yokoka. Izi zimathandiza kuti akonze mankhwala ya kupatukana bwino ndi mphamvu centrifugal.

zinthu zinanso machubu mayeso zagonjetsedwa kwa zosefera. Mu stepi ino, ntchito otchedwa ng'oma perforated, amene anafuna kuti kulekanitsa madzi kuchokera particles olimba. Mu njira ya zochitika anapereka chitayiko akhala pa makoma a centrifuge lapansi.

Ubwino wa njira

Poyerekeza ndi njira zina umalimbana kulekana kwa zinthu payekha, monga kusefera kapena sedimentation, centrifugation limachititsa kupeza precipitate ndi osachepera chinyezi chizindikiro. Ntchito njira imeneyi zimathandiza kulekana kupatukana finely omwazika slurry. Chifukwa ndi kupeza tinthu kukula kwa microns 5-10. Ubwino wina n'kofunika kuthekera sapota kuphedwa kwake kudzera mwa zida za mabuku ang'ono ndi miyeso. The drawback okha njira amachita zipangizo mkulu mphamvu.

Centrifugation Biology

Mu zamoyo, chinthu kulekana mu zinthu payekha kuwaika, ngati n'koyenera, yokonza mankhwala kufufuza pansi simungathe kutiona. Centrifugation amachitidwa pa zipangizo zovuta - tsitorotorah. zipangizo amenewa kuwonjezera pa mipata kwa machubu aziwapatsa zopalira chitsanzo, mitundu yonse ya zithunzi zovuta dongosolo. Kuchokera chipangizo centrifuge kafukufuku mu zamoyo likukhudza khalidwe la zipangizo anapeza mogwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa mfundo zothandiza kuti tingaiphunzire zotsatira kusanthula.

Centrifugation makampani kuyenga

centrifugation njira ndi yofunika kupanga mafuta. Pali zinthu hydrocarbon amene si kwathunthu allocated madzi distillation. Centrifugation limachititsa kuchotsa madzimadzi owonjezera ku mafuta, kuwonjezeka khalidwe lake. Pankhaniyi, mafuta anali kusungunuka mu benzene, kenako usavutike ⁶⁰ ° C, kenako pansi mphamvu centrifugal. Pomaliza kuyeza kuchuluka kwa madzi yotsalira m'nkhaniyo ndi ndondomeko mobwerezabwereza ngati n'koyenera.

centrifuging magazi

Njira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito zolinga mankhwala. Mu mankhwala, timatha kuthetsa mndandanda zotsatirazi ntchito:

1. Chifukwa mwayeretsa zitsanzo magazi plasmapheresis. Pakuti zolinga zimenezi, ndi centrifuge ndi wosiyana maselo magazi kuchokera m'madzi ake. ntchito limachititsa kuchotsa mwazi wa mavairasi, chitetezo kwambiri, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, poizoni.
2. Kukonzekera magazi mwiniwake. Pambuyo kulekanitsa madzimadzi thupi mu tuzigawo twa osiyana ndi centrifugation zobwezerezedwanso mwiniwake maselo ofiira ndi plasma ntchito kuika kapena atapanga ntchito wotsatira.
3. Kutalikirana kwa maselo othandiza magazi kuundana. Mankhwala opangidwa kuchokera m'madzi a m'magazi, kupatsidwa zinthu za m'mwazi kulemera. Unyinji chifukwa ntchito m'madipatimenti opaleshoni ndipo hematology mabungwe zachipatala, mankhwala mwadzidzidzi, opareshoni. Ntchito othandiza magazi kuundana mankhwala limachititsa kusintha magazi clotting mu akhudzidwa.
4. Kaphatikizidwe RBCs odzaza. Centrifugation maselo magazi kumachitika ndi kulekana kwa tuzigawo twa ake wosakhwima malinga ndi njira yapadera. The yomalizidwa misa wolemera erythrocytes, ntchito kuikidwa mu imfa magazi, ntchito. Maselo ofiira okhaokha magazi nthawi zambiri ntchito mankhwala a magazi m'thupi, matenda ena a zokhudza zonse chikhalidwe cha magazi.

ambiri a mbadwo watsopano zipangizo ntchito mu mchitidwe ano zachipatala amene amapanga zotheka kumwazikana ndi makina ng'oma ndi liwiro zina ndi kusiya izo penapake. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti molondola kwambiri kupatukana magazi mu erythrocytes, maselo othandiza magazi kuundana, plasma, seramu ndi kuundana. Mofananamo ankafufuza ena thupi madzimadzi, mu mankhwala makamaka anasiyanitsidwa mu mkodzo zikuchokera.

Centrifuges: Mitundu

Tidadzatulukira zimene centrifugation. Tsopano tiyeni tipeze chimene zipangizo ntchito kukhazikitsa njira. Centrifuges atsekedwa ndi lotseguka, ndi kufala makina kapena Buku. Waukulu ntchito mbali ya chipangizo buku lotseguka amachita olamulira onsewo ili vertically. Mu mbali chapamwamba perpendicularly atathana kachingwe, mmene anakonza makina achitsulo wamanja. Iwo anaika chubu wapadera, mwapang'ono pansi. Pa manja pansi yaikidwa wadding, omwe amapewa kuwonongeka kwa kapu chubu, anakumana ndi zitsulo. Komanso, zida ndi lotengeka. Patapita nthawi madzi ndi wosiyana olimba particles inaimitsidwa. Kenako, centrifuge ali anasiya pamanja. Pansi pa machubu ndi anaikira wandiweyani, olimba precipitate. Pamwamba ndi mbali madzi pa nkhaniyi.

Mawotchi centrifuge gated nacho ambiri makatiriji kuti akomere machubu. zipangizo oterowo ndi yabwino kuposa Buku. rotors awo akamagula Motors mphamvu ya magetsi ndi akhoza imathandizira mpaka 3,000 rpm. Izi zimathandiza kuti litsatira kulekana bwino wa madzi ku zinthu olimba.

Features yokonza ma chubu oyesera ndi centrifugation

machubu, amene ntchito centrifugation ayenera kudzazidwa ndi mayeso zinthu kulemera zofanana. Choncho, chifukwa miyezo yapamwamba-mwatsatanetsatane kulemera yeniyeni ntchito. Pamene mukufuna chepetsa machubu angapo mu centrifuge ndi, anayamba phwando lotsatira. Masekeli awiri muli galasi ndi kukwaniritsa misa chomwecho, mmodzi wa iwo anasiya buku. Anasintha osabereka bwino ndi chitsanzo pamaso kuwayika mu makina. Njira imeneyi kwambiri kufulumizitsa ntchito ngati n'koyenera, akukonzekera kuponya angapo machubu.

Tikumbukenso kuti machubu sankagwiritsa kwambiri wa thunthu pansi kufufuza. Chotengera galasi ladzala kuti m'mphepete mtunda ndi osachepera 10 mm. Apo ayi zinthu udzatsanulidwa a chubu mchikakamizo cha mphamvu centrifugal.

Sverhtsentrifugi

Pakuti kulekana kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za suspensions chabwino kwambiri ntchito osakwanira ya buku ochiritsira kapena centrifuges makina. Pankhaniyi pamafunika zambiri zimakhudza chidwi pa thunthu ndi mphamvu centrifugal. Pamene ndikukhazikitsa njira amenewa chagwiritsidwa sverhtsentrifugi.

Zida ankaimira ndi dzenje ng'oma zida ndi ndondomeko mawonekedwe a machubu yaing'ono awiri - osapitirira 240 mm. Kutalika kwa ng'oma ndi kwambiri kuposa gawo ake mtanda, zomwe zimathandiza kuti kuonjezera kwambiri chiwerengero cha motsatana ndi kutitengera wamphamvu centrifugal mphamvu.

Mu sverhtsentrifuge mayeso mankhwala amalowa ng'oma ndi, limayenda limodzi chubu ndi udzaphwanya amasonyeza mwapadera kuti anataya zinthu chipangizo chamagetsi lapansi. Lilinso ndi kamera, cholinga kupatukana kuwala linanena bungwe ndi zakumwa lolemera.

Ubwino sverhtsentrifug monga:

• zikayamba mtheradi;
• apamwamba mwamphamvu zinthu kulekana;
• yaying'ono kukula;
• kuthekera kulekanitsa zinthu pa mlingo maselo.

pomaliza

Choncho tidadzatulukira zimene centrifugation. The njira pano wapeza ntchito zake kufunika kuonetsetsa njira mpweya, kuyeretsa madzi, kulekana kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu zinthu biologically yogwira kapena mankhwala. Pakuti kulekana kwa zinthu pa mlingo ultracentrifugation maselo ntchito. centrifugation njira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala, mafuta, nyukiliya, adzasowa chakudya, komanso mankhwala.