Ufuluwu ndi womasuka

Muzolemba zandale, pali mawu ambiri amene matanthawuzo awo samamvetsetsa bwino ndi ambiri. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwachibwibwi mu boma la boma, monga chifukwa cha wolamulira watsopano amatanthauzira chirichonse mwa njira yake, komanso ndi zochitika zambiri za mbiriyakale. M'nkhani ino tiyesa kupeza kuti ufulu ndi chiyani, zomwe zimayimira ndi zomwe amakhulupirira.

Kotero, ufuluwu ndi woyamba komanso wopambana munthu woganiza, wodzipereka. Amakhulupirira kuti ufulu wowonjezera umapatsidwa chisokonezo chokwanira, iwo amazoloŵera kusawona zinthu zambiri zotsutsana, ngakhale zosavomerezeka kwa iwo. Koposa zonse, ufulu wandale ndizochitika zandale zomwe zimaphatikizapo ufulu wa kulankhula, zochita za munthu aliyense pa chuma ndi mbali zina za moyo.

Maziko a boma mu boma

Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1600 mpaka 1800, kuzungulira kwa ufulu kunayambira ku Ulaya. Chofunika kwambiri chinali chakuti oimira a bourgeoisie anayamba kufunafuna kuthetsa mphamvu yeniyeni imene mpingo wa Katolika unapereka, pobwezera kuti padzabwera ufulu wotsatiridwa kwa nzika iliyonse. Choyamba, ufulu umenewu unakhudza munda wa chuma ndi malonda. Kukwanitsa kuchita bizinesi yanu kusokoneza, fotokozani malingaliro anu pa nthawi iliyonse - iyi ndiyo chitsanzo chabwino cha boma limene aliyense ali ndi ufulu wofuna. Izi, komabe, zinali ziphunzitso zokhazokha zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, chomwe sichinalandire chithandizo choyenera kuchokera kwa anthu wamba okhala ku Ulaya.

Panalinso zaka zimenezo pamene ufulu wandale unakhala mtsogoleri wandale m'mayiko ambiri. Maluwa a chikhalidwe ichi ndi nthawi ya Chisinthiko chachikulu cha Chifalansa. Ndiye ufulu uliwonse - unali woyimira banja lolemera - unalibe ufulu wokha umene umakhala wochepa wauzimu. Ngakhale kuti anthu monga M.J. Lafayette, O. Mirabeau, Girondins ndi Félyans, adalandira kwa kanthawi zida za boma, malemba awo onena za ufulu adasandulika kukhala chinthu chosatsutsika. Aliyense wa banja la bourgeois "adakokera bulangeti payekha," kuthetsa mavuto ake okha ndi kuthetsa zosowa zake.

Zolera ku Russia

Oimira ufulu wa ku France sanawonetsere zabwino zawo, koma zolemba zawo, zilembo ndi zifukwa zomwe zili ndi ufulu wa moyo wabwino zinakhalabe kukumbukira anthu ndi pepala. Zomwezi zinali zofunikira kwambiri pakuwonekera kwa anthu oterewa mu ufumu wa Russia. Inde, aliyense amadziwa kuti ku Russia ufulu ndi Wovomerezeka ndi wothandizira aliyense. Mu 1825, iwo anayenda pa Senate Square kuti akagonjetse Mfumu. Ndizosatheka kunena zomwe dziko lathu likhoza kutembenuka ngati misala idawathandiza, koma izi sizinachitike, ndipo ambiri mwa opandukawo anaphedwa.

Panthaŵi ya Soviet, Bungwe la Bolshevik linamenyana mosatsutsika ndi maonekedwe onse a ufulu wa kulankhula ndi ufulu wa anthu. Tonsefe tikudziwa bwino kuti mu USSR panalibe amalonda, palibe mabungwe apadera, palibe malonda aulere. Anthu sakanatha ngakhale kuchoka malire a dziko lawo kuti awone dziko lapansi.