Mankhwala anachita aone kuti pali - mankhwala zochita ochiritsira nsanamira

Wosalira njira mankhwala ndi maganizo abwino awo Zimene aone kuti pali ntchito. Ndi pokhapo titachitapo kulowa mogwirizana kwa zinthu ndi mzake ndi, monga Motero, mapangidwe zatsopano. Ndi chojambula "fano", chifukwa kugwilizana lamulo la kusamala misa mankhwala ntchito n'zosangalatsa kumva koefishienti. Kafotokozedwe mosiyanasiyana mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito manambala ndi zizindikiro akufuna mu 1615 Zhan inayamba. Kenako pambuyo kutsegula kwa stoichiometry malamulo anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo kachulukidwe.

Mankhwala anachita aone kuti pali kwalembedwa motere:

1. Chakumbali ya zojambula "m'chifanizo" ndi zinthu pakati zomwe zimachitika pakati pa iwo aikidwa chizindikiro "+". Kumanzere - mankhwala anachita, i.e., mankhwala atsopano amene anapanga. Pakati anachoka ndi mbali bwino anaika muvi zikusonyeza malangizo a zotani. Mwachitsanzo, C + E → CE.
2. Ndiye, koefishienti ndi anakonza, amene ntchito "mlingo", i.e. kuti chiwerengero cha mtundu uliwonse wa maatomu pamaso zimene anali wofanana ndi chiwerengero cha maatomu pambuyo. Choncho, "ntchito 'lamulo la kusamala misa. Mwachitsanzo, 2HCl - H ₂ + CL _2.

Pali anachita kayendedwe aone kuti pali amene akufotokoza kudalira pa mlingo otaya ndondomeko mankhwala pa ndende ya zinthu unreacted. Zambiri maganizo mogwirizana limodzi, schematically analembedwa: V = K [A _1] N ¹ * [A _2] N ^2, mmene

V - mathamangidwe zotani;

[A _1], [A _2] - mankhwala ndende;

K - zonse mlingo anachita, potsata chikhalidwe cha mankhwala unreacted ndi kutentha;

N ^1, N ² - kuti zotani.

Ngati zimene atuluka mu njira zingapo, ndiye amapanga dongosolo la maikwezhoni kayendedwe, uliwonse kutchulidwa payokha.

Komanso mitundu osiyana ndi amaayoni anachita aone kuti pali zomwe kukonzekera ake ali mbali monga M'buku zinthu zili mu mawonekedwe a ayoni. Amenewa mogwirizana mankhwala mbiri chojambula lililonse okha zochita M'MALO ndi kuzizira njira amadzimadzi kapena kasakaniza wazitsulo, imene ndi precipitate kupangidwa, bwino dissociable mankhwala (madzi) kapena mafuta amapangidwa. Mwachitsanzo: adalowa mankhwala anachita, acid amathiridwa ndi potaziyamu hydroxide, momwe mchere anapanga ndi madzi.

HCl + KOH- KCl + H ₂ O

Lembani deta thunthu mu mawonekedwe a ayoni, kupatulapo madzi, monga zilibe dissociate. aone kuti pali Izi adzatchedwa wathunthu anachita amaayoni.

H ^{+ +} cl ^{- +} K ^{+ + HA - --K + + cl} - + H ₂ O

Tsopano, mu chiwembu lino, monga mfundo za kufanana, anachoka ndi kumanja kwa "kudula" ayoni mobwerezabwereza ndi kupeza:

H ⁺ + HA ^- - H ₂ O.

Ngakhale redox anachita, yodziwika ndi kusintha makutidwe ndi okosijeni boma la atomu adzakhala ndi makamaka chojambula zojambula mu kujambula. Maatomu kofunika kudziwa kuti makutidwe ndi okosijeni boma wosinthika, ndi kulenga bwino pakompyuta, zochokera kenako konzani koefishienti.

Choncho, mankhwala anachita aone kuti pali ndi nkhani chojambula zonse ndondomeko zovuta za mapangidwe zinthu zatsopano ndi kuwonongeka, mankhwala a M'MALO ndi kuwombola. Komanso kudziwitsa Mkhalidwe ndi kachulukidwe pa reactants ndi mankhwala anachita.