Chikhazikitso cha Mankwala Chemistry. digiri makutidwe ndi okosijeni

The makutidwe ndi okosijeni boma - ichi wabwino mlandu mchitidwe atomu mu molekyulu ndi. Mfundo imeneyi ofunika umagwirira zochita kupanga, osazindikira wake sikutheka kulingalira ndondomeko zosiyanasiyana redox, mitundu ya olumikizirana mamolekyulu ndi, mankhwala ndi thupi katundu wa zinthuzo. Pofuna kumvetsa zimene ndi digiri ya makutidwe ndi okosijeni choyamba kofunika kudziŵa chimene chimapanga atomu lokha komanso mmene khalidwe pamene zimavuta ndi anzawo.

Monga amadziwika, atomu tichipeza mapulotoni, neutrons ndi ma elekitironi. The mapulotoni ma elekitironi umatchedwanso nucleons, mawonekedwe ndithu mlandu phata ma elekitironi zoipa zokhudza izo. A mlandu zabwino nyukiliya moyenera chonse zoipa kuyang'anira ma elekitironi lapansi. Choncho ndale atomu.

Aliyense elekitironi ali ndi ena mphamvu mlingo, amene ndiyo ubwenzi wa malo kwathunthu: kwambiri mpaka pakati - mochepa mphamvu. Iwo anakonza mu zigawo. The ma elekitironi wa mzere umodzi ndi zayamba yemweyo okwanira mphamvu ndi mphamvu mawonekedwe msinkhu kapena wosanjikiza amagetsi. The ma elekitironi mu akunja mlingo mphamvu si mwamphamvu kwambiri womangidwa kwa phata, kotero iwo akhoza nawo zosiyanasiyana mankhwala. Zochitika ali kunja kwa ma elekitironi imodzi zinayi zosiyanasiyana mankhwala, kawirikawiri amapereka ma elekitironi, ndi iwo amene ali ma elekitironi awiri - kutenga.

Palinso zinthu mankhwala otchedwa mpweya inert, imene akunja mphamvu mlingo limapangidwa ma elekitironi eyiti - pazipita zotheka kuchuluka. Iwo pafupifupi musalowe mu zochita mankhwala. Choncho, atomu iliyonse Cholinga "enaake" awo akunja elekitironi wosanjikiza kuti chofunika ma elekitironi eyiti. Kodi kutenga chikusowa? Mu maatomu ena. Mu ndondomeko ya mankhwala mchitidwe anachita ndi electronegativity wamkulu "amanyamula" ma elekitironi mu mchitidwe ndi electronegativity m'munsi. Electronegativity mankhwala mchitidwe zimadalira chiwerengero cha ma elekitironi mu mlingo valence ndi mphamvu za anyamata awo kuti phata la. Mchitidwe, kunyamula ma elekitironi, wonse mlandu zoipa nikula koposa mlandu zabwino phata, pamene amapereka ma elekitironi - mosemphanitsa. Mwachitsanzo, mu pawiri la okusayidi sulfure CHONCHO mpweya kukhala electronegativity mkulu, sulufule akutenga 2 ma elekitironi ndipo amapeza mlandu zoipa, pamene sulufule anakhalabe wopanda ma elekitironi awiri amalandira mlandu positive. Pankhaniyi, mlingo wa makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa mpweya wofanana mlingo wa makutidwe ndi okosijeni sulfure, anatengedwa ndi chizindikiro zosiyana. boma makutidwe ndi okosijeni kwalembedwa mu ngodya pamwamba lamanja la mchitidwe mankhwala. Mu chitsanzo ichi motere: S ⁺² O ^-2.

Chitsanzo chapamwambachi ndi mwachilungamo simplistic. Ndipotu ma elekitironi lakunja la atomu imodzi konse kwathunthu anasamutsidwa ndi mzake, iwo anakhala "wamba" Choncho, mlingo wa makutidwe ndi okosijeni a zinthu nthawi zonse kakang'ono kuposa anatchulidwa mu mabuku.

Koma wosalira mokwana za mankhwala zako mfundo imeneyi atanyalanyazidwa.