Inductance: chilinganizo. Muyeso wa inductance. inductance kuzungulira

Amene sanapite sayansi pa sukulu? Kwa ena, zinali zosangalatsa ndiponso yomveka, pamene ena pored pa mabuku, kuyesera kuloweza mfundo zovuta. Koma tonsefe kumbukirani kuti dziko lapansi chifukwa cha kudziwana thupi. Today ife kulankhula za mfundo monga inductance wa panopa kuzungulira inductance, ndi kupeza zomwe ndi capacitors ndipo ndi solenoid.

Dera magetsi ndi inductance

Inductance akutumikira nalo ndi maginito katundu wa dera magetsi. Iwo amatanthauziridwa kuti koyefishienti wa Kugwirizana pakati pa pano ndi magetsi otaya panopa kudera chatsekedwa maginito. Izi otaya panopa ndi kwaiye kudzera pamwamba kuzungulira. tanthauzo lina limanena kuti inductance a dera chizindikiro ndi ndiyo EMF kudziletsa kupatsidwa ulemu. Mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kusonyeza kuti mchitidwe dera ndi kukhala ndi khalidwe la zotsatira kudziletsa kupatsidwa ulemu umene chatsegulidwa ndi D. Henry M. Faraday paokha. The inductance kugwirizana ndi mawonekedwe, kukula ndi mizere mtengo wa maginito permeability wa chilengedwe ozungulira. Mu mayunitsi SI, mtengo uwu amayezedwa Henry, ndipo amaimira monga L.

Ndipo kuyeza inductance wa inductance

Otchedwa mtengo inductance, ndilo chiŵerengero cha kamwazi maginito loyenda mwa coils onse dera amperage:

• L = N × F: I.

The inductance a dera la amadalira mawonekedwe, ndi kukula ndi mizere ya katundu maginito sing'anga imene ili. Ngati anatseka-kuzungulira magetsi utuluke panopa, pali kusintha maginito. Izi kenako kuyambitsa zikamera wa EMF lapansi. Kubadwa kwa panopa anachititsa mu kuzungulira chatsekedwa amatchedwa "kudziletsa inductance". Malinga ndi ulamuliro Lenz ndi sizisintha kufunika kwa ziliri pa dera la. Ngati inductance ndi wapezeka, n'zotheka ntchito ndi dera magetsi, mmene ndi resistor m'gulu kufanana ndi koyilo anthu ndi pakati chitsulo. Mogwirizana ndi iwo chikugwirizana ndi nyali za magetsi. Pankhaniyi, kulimbikira kwa resistor ndi wofanana ndi DC koyilo. Zotsatira lidzakhala lowala nyali zoyaka. The chodabwitsa cha kudzikonda kupatsidwa ulemu ndi amodzi mwa malo chachikulu zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi.

Kodi kupeza inductance

Chilinganizo, lomwe ndicho kupeza phindu, zotsatirazi:

• L = F: Ine,

kumene F - maginito kamwazi, I - ziliri pa dera la.

Kudzera inductor akhoza anasonyeza odzikonda anachititsa EMF:

• EI = -L × Di: Deuteronomo.

Kuyambira chilinganizo mapeto ndi n'zosangalatsa kumva kufanana kupatsidwa ulemu electromotive mphamvu amene amapezeka mu kuzungulira pamene mphamvu chakuti ammeter wina kwa mnzake.

The inductance variable limachititsa kupeza mphamvu za kuthengo maginito:

• W = Li ^2: 2.

"Spool ulusi"

The inductor ndi lotsekedwa mkuwa waya bala pa maziko olimba. Koma kutchinjiriza, ndiye kusankha zakuthupi lonse - msomali ichi ndi waya kutchinjiriza ndi nsalu. Ukulu wa kamwazi maginito zimadalira yamphamvu lalikulu. Ngati inu kuwonjezera ziliri pa koyilo, ndi maginito adzakhala ndi mosemphanitsa.

Ngati ntchito ya magetsi kuti koyilo, ndiye auka ndi voteji zosiyana voteji, koma mwadzidzidzi kusiyiratu. Mtundu uwu wa maganizo amatchedwa electromotive mphamvu wodzilamulira kupatsidwa ulemu. Pa nthawi ya energization kwa koyilo mphamvu panopa amasintha kufunika kwake kwa 0 ku nambala inayake. The voteji pakadali pano ali ndi kusintha mtengo monga mwa chilamulo Ohm akuti:

• Ine = U: R,

kumene ine amadziwika amperage, U - limasonyeza voteji, R - kulimbikira koyilo lapansi.

China chapadera cha koyilo ndi mfundo zotsatirazi: ngati inu kutsegula dera "koyilo - gwero panopa," ndi EMF zidzawonjezedwa kwa nkhawa. Current nawonso ayamba kukula, ndiyeno nkuyamba kutha. Choncho lamulo loyamba commutation, limanena kuti masiku ano inductor sikusintha yomweyo.

Koyilo akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu iwiri:

1. Ndi maginito kwenikweni. ferrites ndi zochita chitsulo monga chuma mtima. The mitima kutumikira kuonjezera inductance.
2. Ndi sanali maginito. Ntchito milandu kumene inductance wa osapitirira asanu MH.

Zipangizo amasiyana maonekedwe ndi dongosolo mkati. Malinga magawo amenewa ndi koyilo inductance. Chilinganizo pa nkhani iliyonse ndi osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, inductance adzakhala wofanana coils wina wosanjikiza:

• L = 10μ0ΠN ² R ^2: 9R + 10l.

Ndipo tsopano multilayer chilinganizo lina:

• L = μ0N ² R ^2: 2Π (6R + 9l + 10w).

Zina mwa mfundo zikuluzikulu kugwirizana ndi coils ntchito:

1. Pa ferrite cylindrical lalikulu inductance kumachitika pakati.
2. Pakuti inductance pazipita ayenera kwambiri chilonda windings pa spool lapansi.
3. The inductance wa ang'onoang'ono, chiwerengero ang'onoang'ono a motsatana.
4. The toroidal pakati mtunda pakati pa ankasinthana wa koyilo si kanthu.
5. Mtengo inductance zimadalira "motsatana lofanana mbali zonse."
6. Ngati inductor chikugwirizana pa mndandanda, phindu okwana ndi Uwerenge inductances.
7. Pamene olumikizidwa ku kufanana, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti inductance anali spaced pa bolodi. Apo ayi, umboni wawo udzakhala pachithunzichi chifukwa chikoka tonse mphamvu ya maginito.

solenoid

Mu lingaliro ili amatanthauza cylindrical koyilo wa waya kuti akhoza chilonda mu zigawo umodzi kapena kuposerapo. kutalika yamphamvu zayamba wamkulu kuposa awiri a. Chifukwa makhalidwe pamene panopa magetsi mu M'mimbamo solenoid anabadwa maginito. Mlingo wa kusintha kwa maginito kamwazi njila kwa kusintha panopa. The inductance wa koyilo mu nkhani iyi kuchita masamu motere:

• df: Deuteronomo = L DL: Deuteronomo.

Ngakhale mtundu uwu coils otchedwa electromechanical actuator ndi pakati retractable. Pankhaniyi, solenoid ndi umaperekedwa ndi kunja ferromagnetic maginito pachimake - goli.

Mu nthawi yathu, chipangizo akhoza kuphatikiza ndi hydraulics poonekera. Pa mfundo imeneyi, anayamba zitsanzo zinayi:

• Woyamba ndi kuthetsa mzere kuthamanga.
• Chitsanzo chachiwiri chosiyana ndi zina amakakamizidwa chiwongolero loko-mmwamba zowalamulira mu makokedwe Converter.
• Lachitsanzo wachitatu mu kapangidwe kake lili owongolera kuthamanga, amene anasintha ntchito.
• Wachinayi ukulamulidwa hydraulically kapena zingwe.

Zofunika mawerengedwe mitunduyi kwa

Kupeza inductance wa koyilo, ndi chilinganizo ntchito motere:

• L = μ0n ² V,

kumene μ0 zikusonyeza permeability maginito ya zingalowe ndi, N - chiwerengero motsatana, V - voliyumu ya solenoid lapansi.

Komanso kuwerengera koyilo inductance ngati n'kotheka ndipo mothandizidwa ndi chilinganizo lina:

• L = μ0N ² S: L,

kumene S - ndi mtanda yachigawo m'dera ndi L - kutalika solenoid lapansi.

Kupeza inductance wa koyilo ndi chilinganizo ndi ntchito, aliyense yemwe ali oyenera kuti athetse vutoli.

Ntchito pa AC ndi DC

The maginito kuti ndi kwaiye mkati koyilo ndi motsogoleredwa pamodzi olamulira ndi ndiyofanana:

• B = μ0nI,

kumene μ0 - permeability wa zingalowe ndi, N - chiwerengero motsatana, ndipo ine - panopa mtengo.

Pamene panopa umayenda mwa solenoid, ndi masitolo koyilo mphamvu umene uli wofanana ntchitoyo m'pofunika kukhazikitsa panopa. Kuwerengetsa inductance mu nkhani iyi, chilinganizo ntchito motere:

• E = Li ^2: 2

kumene L zikusonyeza kufunika inductance, ndi E - mphamvu kusungidwa.

Self-kupatsidwa ulemu electromotive mphamvu kumachitika pamene pano mu solenoid lapansi.

Pankhani ya AC ntchito limapezeka ndi alternating maginito. Malangizo a mphamvu za anyamata zingasiyane, ndipo zikhale sichinasinthe. Mlandu kumachitika pamene ntchito solenoid monga solenoid lapansi. Ndipo chachiwiri, pamene armature wapangidwa zakuthupi maginito. Solenoid alternating panopa ali impedance, zomwe zili m'gulu la kukana kumulowetsa ndi inductance ake.

The ntchito ambiri solenoids a mtundu woyamba (DC) - mphamvu translational monga actuator lapansi. mphamvu zimadalira kapangidwe ka pachimake ndi chipolopolo. Zitsanzo ndi ntchito lumo pamene kudula macheke ntchito akaundula ndalama, Motors ndi mavavu mu kachitidwe hayidiroliki, Amatseka totsegulira lapansi. Solenoids a mtundu wachiwiri ntchito ngati inductors kwa kupatsidwa ulemu Kutentha mu ng'anjo mbiya.

madera oscillatory

Losavuta wa dera resonant ndi siriyo zokhala dera, wopangidwa mwa coils inductor aphatikizidwa ndi capacitor kudzera chinthu alternating utuluke panopa. Kudziwa inductance wa koyilo ndi chilinganizo ntchito motere:

• XL = W × L,

momwe XL limasonyeza reactance koyilo, ndi W - zozungulira pafupipafupi.

Ngati inu ntchito zotakasika impedance wa capacitor wa, ndiye chilinganizo amaonekera izi:

Xc = 1: W × C.

makhalidwe ofunika a dera la oscillation ndi pafupipafupi resonant, khalidwe impedance ndi Q a dera la. Woyamba amadziwika pafupipafupi kumene kuzungulira kukana ukugwirira. The yachiwiri ikusonyeza mmene reactance pa pafupipafupi resonant pakati makhalidwe monga capacitance ndi inductance wa dera zokhala. Khalidwe lachitatu Mzimuyo matalikidwe ndipo m'lifupi makhalidwe matalikidwe-pafupipafupi (Kangati response) kumveka ndi chimasonyeza miyeso kusungidwa mphamvu mu dera la poyerekeza ndi zomvetsa mphamvu pa nthawi oscillation. Pafupipafupi katundu madera luso ndi kuyeza ntchito pafupipafupi ayankhe. Pankhaniyi, dera la imatengedwa ngati quadripole a. Pamene mtengo chithunzi chintchito voteji kuzungulira phindu (K). Khalidwe limeneli limasonyeza chiŵerengero cha linanena bungwe voteji kuti athandizira. Pakuti madera kuti sakuphatikizapo zopangira magetsi ndi zolimba zinthu zosiyana, phindu koyefishienti ndi wamkulu kuposa umodzi. Amamuchititsa ziro pamene pa mafurikwense wosiyana dera la kumveka ali mkulu phindu kukana. Ngati kufunika osachepera kukana, ndi koyefishienti ali pafupi ndi umodzi.

Mu zikufanana resonant dera awiri membala ndege ndi osiyana mphamvu reactivity. Ntchito mtundu wa dera zikutanthauza kudziwa kuti zikufanana dera zinthu zofunika kuwonjezera yekha madutsidwe awo, koma osati kukana. Pa pafupipafupi resonant wa madutsidwe wonse wa dera ndi wofanana ndi ziro, kusonyeza kuti wamphamvu lalikulu AC kukana. Wadera mu womwenso kufanana capacitance (C), kukana (R) ndi inductance, chilinganizo chimene chimagwirizanitsa iwo ndi khalidwe Chinthu (Q), motere:

• Q = R√C: L.

Ntchito, dera zinachitikanso nthawi imodzi oscillation amapezeka kawiri kuwombola mphamvu pakati pa condenser ndi koyilo lapansi. Pankhaniyi, ndi kuzungulira panopa, omwe ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa phindu panopa mu dera kunja.

ntchito capacitor

chipangizo ndi ziwiri mtengo otsika madutsidwe ndi variable kapena zonse mtengo capacitance. Pamene capacitor si mlandu, kukana ake ali pafupi ziro, mwinamwake ndi wofanana osawerengeka. Ngati gwero mphamvu sakukhudzidwa ndi amafotokozera, izo zimakhala kuti gwero kuti kumaliseche kwake. Kugwiritsa capacitor mu zamagetsi ndi udindo wa Zosefera kuti kuchotsa phokoso. chipangizo mu amapereka mphamvu kwa madera mphamvu ntchito kudyetsa machitidwe ndi katundu lalikulu. Izi zachokera luso mchitidwe wa pochitika chigawo chimodzi variable, koma panopa osakhazikika. The apamwamba a chigawo pafupipafupi, chindichepere kulimbikira kwa capacitor lapansi. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, condenser othinana phokoso onse amene amapita pamwamba pa DC.

Kukaniza mchitidwe zimadalira capacitance lapansi. Pachifukwa ichi, ndi bwino kuika capacitors ndi buku osiyana kukatenga onse a phokoso. Chifukwa cha luso chipangizo pochitika panopa mwachindunji lokha pa nawuza nthawi imene ntchito yake amafotokozera mu jenereta kapena monga gulu zimachitika ulili.

Capacitors kubwera mu osiyanasiyana. Zimagwiritsa ntchito gulu la mtundu dielectric, kuyambira chizindikiro ichi Mzimuyo mtendere wa capacitance, kutchinjiriza kukana ndi zina zotero. Systematization zoopsa izi motere:

1. Capacitors ndi dielectric gaseous.
2. Kuyamwa.
3. Ndi dielectric madzi.
4. Ndi dielectric olimba zochita kupanga.
5. Ndi dielectric olimba organic.
6. Olimba.
7. Electrolytic.

Pali gulu capacitors kopita (adagawa kapena odzipereka), chikhalidwe cha chitetezo zinthu zina (kutetezedwa ndi mosadziteteza kutali ndipo sanali olekanitsidwa, odzaza, ndi kusindikizidwa) Njira unsembe (coupler, kusindikiza padziko, ndi chichiri wononga, chithunzithunzi pini ). chipangizo akhoza kuwasiyanitsa ndi luso la kusintha mphamvu:

1. Capacitors, lokhazikika, ndiye mphamvu amene nthawi zonse zonse.
2. Trimmer. Iwo ndi mphamvu sasintha pa ntchito zida, koma zikhoza kusintha kamodzi kapena nthawi.
3. Zosintha. Iwo capacitors kuti angalole ntchito chipangizo cha kusintha mphamvu.

Inductor ndi capacitor

zinthu conductive chipangizo angathe kulenga inductance yake. mbali iyi structural monga zomangamanga, basi kulumikiza, ndi malo wokhometsa ndi mafyuzi. Mutha kupanga zina capacitor inductance polumikiza basi. mode dera opaleshoni zimadalira inductance, capacitance ndi kukana. Tikutsata ndondomeko za kuwerengetsa ndi inductance kuti kumachitika pamene tikuyandikira pafupipafupi resonant, zotsatirazi:

• CE = C: (1 - 4Π ² f ² LC),

kumene CE ndiyo capacitance ogwira, C limasonyeza leni capacitance, F - ndi pafupipafupi, L - inductance.

Mtengo inductance ayenera kuganizira ntchito ndi capacitors mphamvu. Chifukwa zimachitika capacitors kudziletsa inductance kufunika zofunika kwambiri. kumaliseche awo imagwera pa kuzungulira kupatsidwa ulemu ndipo ali mitundu iwiri - aperiodic ndi oscillatory.

Inductance mu condenser ndi amadalira zinthu mankhwala dera m'menemo. Mwachitsanzo, mu zigawo kufanana kugwirizana ndi tayala, mtengo uwu ndi Uwerenge inductances za phukusi busbar chachikulu ndi tanthauzo lake. Kupeza mtundu uwu inductance, njira ndi iyi:

• Lk = LP + Lm + LB,

kumene Lk limasonyeza inductance chipangizo, ndi LP -Package, Lm - basi yaikulu ndipo LB - kutsogolera inductance.

Ngati kugwirizana yomweyi basi panopa zimasiyanasiyana mulitali, ndiye inductance ofanana limanenedwa ngati:

• Lk = LC: N + μ0 L × D: (3) + LB,

kumene L - kutalika kwa matayala, b - m'lifupi ndi anthu d - mtunda pakati matayala.

Kuchepetsa inductance chipangizo ayenera kukhala mbali condenser pabwino kuti matanthauzo kulipidwa ntchito yawo maginito. M'mawu ena, mbali moyo ndi zomwezo zoyenda panopa ayenera kuchotsedwa Chrixitu monga momwe tingathere, ndi kubweretsa pamodzi zosiyana. Pamene kaphatikizidwe wa okhometsa ndi kucheperachepera dielectric makulidwe akhoza kuchepetsa inductance gawo. Izi chingapezeke ngakhale ndi kugawa gawo limodzi wambirimbiri ku chidebe mwanjira yina osaya.