Sulfides ndi hydrosulfides. Hydrosulfide ndi sulfide ammonium

Ndi sulphides monga mankhwala organic ndi zochita kupanga, ndi atomu sulfa m'magawo molekyulu ake chiphatikizana ndi ena zitsulo kapena osakhala zitsulo. Pakuti sulfides zochita kupanga mankhwala lililonse ndi sulfide wa hydrogen (H2S), a kalasi zidulo ndi sulfide ammonium (chilinganizo (NH4) 2S), a kalasi salt. Komanso sulfides zitsulo ndi nonmetals m'ma chilinganizo ambiri KxSy (kumene K - ndi zitsulo kapena nonmetal cation, ndipo S - acidic sulphide wa hydrogen zotsalira, × ndi Y - kuchuluka kwa cations zitsulo ndi anions wa moiety asidi molekyulu ndi, motero), amanena kalasi salt. Mwachitsanzo, chitsulo sulfide (II) FeS. Organic sulfides - mankhwala mankhwala, ndi atomu sulfa m'magawo molekyulu awo kugwirizana ndi ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira hydrocarbon. Izi mercaptides (thioethers) kwa onse chilinganizo RSR, ndipo R ndi R '- hydrocarbon ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira.

mankhwala onse mankhwala amene mamolekyulu muli zitsulo atomu, ndi maatomu a ena osakhala zitsulo (boron B, phosphorous P, pakachitsulo Si, Arsenic Monga), zogwirizana ndi atomu sulfure (S) zina mwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni wofanana opanda 2, anthu amaona salt H2S sulphide wa hydrogen . sulfides Mankwala (kupatula H2S), mwachitsanzo, sulfide, sulfide ammonium kapena boron, amaganiza kuti kukhala salt ambiri, popeza onse a sulphide haidrojeni maatomu asidi wa hydrogen m'malo mwa cations ena. Ngati sulphide wa hydrogen mu chidulo, atomu mmodzi yekha m'malo mwa cations (yomwe Ndi mmene kwa zamchere lapansi ndi soda zitsulo), Mchere anapanga asidi mchere. Zitsanzo za hydrosulfides zochita kupanga (bisulfide mwinamwake) kungakhale mankhwala monga hydrosulfide ammonium (NH4HS chilinganizo) kapena ndi sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS). Mu mamolekyulu hydrosulfides, mosiyana sulfide, kapena asidi anion zotsalira ndi HS-. Organic hydrosulfide monga mercaptans (thiols ndi thioalcohols) kwa onse chilinganizo RSH, kumene R - hydrocarbon kwakukulu. Mercaptides ndi mercaptans yodziwika ndi nomenclature yaikulu, kotero iwo amafuna kuganizira zina.

sulfides kwambiri ndi yowala mitundu. Mu madzi bwino sungunuka yekha sulfide ammonium ndi sulfides zitsulo soda. Mumakhala insoluble m'madzi, otsala zitsulo sulphides. Popeza sulfides ndi wa hydrogen sulfide salt zidulo ofooka, owayimilira madzi sungunuka akhoza hydrolyzed. Pakuti sulfides popangidwa ndi zitsulo ndi boma mkulu makutidwe ndi okosijeni kapena, ngati hydroxides awo ndi zapansi ofooka (mwachitsanzo, Cr2S3, Al2S3, etc.), zambiri hydrolysis chimaposa irreversibly. Sulfides wofatsa kuchepetsa wothandizila, anatani ndi mpweya mumlengalenga pa kutentha okwera kupanga salt, imene atomu sulfure ali ndi digiri apamwamba makutidwe ndi okosijeni, monga sulfates ndi woipa sulfure. sulfide ammonium ntchito kujambula, makampani nsalu. Sulfides ntchito ngati zipangizo michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi, phosphors, mu mankhwala, mu ulimi.

sulfides The ingakhale yopangidwa ndi njira zosiyana. Ammonium sulfide (kudziwika monga dzina lina la mchere ichi - diammonium sulfide) zakonzedwa mwa kuchita sulfide wa hydrogen ndi muyeso wa amoniya: H2S + 2 NH3 → (NH4) 2S. More kugonjetsedwa asidi mchere wa sulfide wa hydrogen ndi chitsulo sulfide FeS, amene akhoza decomposed ndi Kutentha mu vacuo kupeza izo (izi ndi imodzi mwa njira zambiri kudziwika) ndi anachita sizingasinthe ndi chitsulo sulfure: Fe + S → FeS.

Maselo kulemera kwa sulfide ammonium ndi 68,14. .. E mamita Gross-chilinganizo cha dongosolo Hill akhoza kulembedwa monga: H8N2S. Mu maonekedwe akufanana mchere colorless mibulu. Ammonium sulfide pa 20 ° C mosavuta sungunuka m'madzi. Sungunuka Mowa. Izi mankhwala hygroscopic angathe chinyezi chopezeka. M'chigawo ufulu ndi simudalandira sulfide ammonium. Popeza (NH4) 2S mchere ndi osakhazikika, ndiye njira yake amadzimadzi ali pafupi ndi sulphide wa hydrogen Choncho zigwirizana makamaka a chisakanizo cha NH3 ndi NH4HS, ndi njira amadzimadzi (NH4) 2S ndi madzi colorless ndi fungo la ammonia ndi sulfide wa hydrogen. Yankho anachita ndi zamchere ndi pH kwa 9,3. The timibulu mchere olimba n'zosatheka kusiyanitsa ngakhale kuzirala amphamvu wa njira. Chifukwa cha makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi mpweya mumlengalenga ndi mapangidwe polysulfides, ammonium sulfide njira mofulumira akutembenukira chikasu. Choncho sulfide njira ziyenera kusungidwa mu botolo watsirizika kwa wokambirana ndi mwamphamvu losindikizidwa.

Kulemera maselo ndi ammonium hydrosulfide ndi 51,11. .. E mamita Gross-chilinganizo cha dongosolo Hill akhoza kulembedwa monga: H5NS. Salt maonekedwe ndi colorless rhombic mibulu. The kachulukidwe ya mchere wofanana 0,89 g / cm3. Limatsogolera mfundo 120 ° C (opanikizika). Firiji ndi evaporation ndi sublimation wa nthunzi reagent. pawiri Ichi ndi loopsali firiji. thunthu mosavuta sungunuka ethyl mowa ndi madzi ozizira, madzi otentha kapena usavutike ndi amang'amba pang'ono. Zochita amadzimadzi soda. Mu mpweya angathe hydrosulfide ammonium ali oxidized, choncho ku njira colorless pamene kusungidwa mwamsanga akutembenukira chikasu chifukwa mapangidwe polysulfides. Ammonium hydrosulfide akhoza anakonza mwachindunji ndi yatikhudza amoniya ndi sulfide wa hydrogen mu diethyl (sulfure) kapena kudutsa mpweya pa 0 ° C mu njira amoniya cha sulfide wa hydrogen muyeso mwa anthu aone kuti pali anachita: NH3 + H2S → NH4HS.