Alloying zinthu. Mphamvu ya zinthu alloying pa katundu wa zitsulo ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo

yogwira ntchito mankhwala zitsulo Tingaone pomanga, makampani ndi madera ena a zaulimi. Komanso, zitsulo chomwecho malinga munda wa ntchito kuulula katundu osiyanasiyana luso ndi ntchito. Izi zikhoza anafotokoza njira doping. Zopangapanga ndondomeko imene m'munsi billet amapeza makhalidwe atsopano kapena kusintha pa mbali alipo. Izi ntchito ndi zinthu yogwira, alloying katundu amene amachititsa mankhwala ndi njira thupi kusintha pa dongosolo zitsulo.

The alloying zinthu zazikulu

Big koma osokoneza phindu mu njira doping ndi mpweya. Pa dzanja limodzi, ndende zake dongosolo zitsulo za dongosolo la 1.2% kumathandiza kuonjezera mphamvu, kuuma ndi ozizira brittleness msinkhu, ndi pa zina - komanso amachepetsa madutsidwe matenthedwe ndi osalimba zakuthupi. Koma ngakhale izi si zofunika. Monga ndi zinthu zonse aloyi, izo anawonjezera pochita ndondomeko ya processing pansi mphamvu ya kutentha. Komabe, si zodetsa zonse ndi zigawo yogwira asungidwa mu dongosolo la nditamaliza ntchito. Monga mpweya zikhale mu zitsulo ndi malinga ndi makhalidwe Napempha kwa sayansi chomaliza mankhwala kuganiza zitsulo kuyenga kapena kukonza makhalidwe ake panopa. Ndiko kuti, iwo akhoza zimasiyana mlingo wa mpweya doping ndi ntchito yapadera.

Komanso mndandanda wa zinthu zazikulu za doping ndi akhale wa pakachitsulo ndi manganese. Koyamba dongosolo chandamale mu kuchuluka osachepera (osapitirira 0.4%) ndi mphamvu kwenikweni pa kusintha kwa workpiece alibe makhalidwe. Komabe, chigawo ichi ndi manganese ndi n'kofunika ngati munthu obweretsa deoxidizing ndi binder. katundu izi chifukwa m'munsi alloying zinthu kukhulupirika kwa dongosolo, amene akadali m'kati doping limachititsa maganizo a organic zinthu zina kale yogwira ndi zosafunika.

zinthu wothandiza alloying

Mu gulu ili la zinthu zambiri monga titaniyamu, molybdenum, boron, vanadium, etc. Nthumwi wotchuka kwambiri kugwirizana ndi molybdenum, omwe kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito chrome zitsulo. Makamaka, mothandizidwa ndi zitsulo ukuwonjezeka hardenability, komanso yafupika pakhomo hladolomkosti. Lipindulitsa steels yomanga, ndi ntchito zigawo zikuluzikulu molybdenum. Izi ogwira zinthu aloyi mu zitsulo, yomwe apeza malo amodzi mphamvu zitsulo, pamene kuchotsa kuopsa kwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni mkati. Koma titaniyamu, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito infrequently ndi chimodzi chokha ntchito - akupera dongosolo tirigu kasakaniza wazitsulo chromium-manganese. Akulimbana akhoza anatchula monga kashiamu ndi patsogolo. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito mawu amene akusowekapo zitsulo, amene ndiye pansi kudula ntchito.

zinthu gulu alloying

Komanso kugawira kwambiri makonzedwe alloying zinthu pa waukulu ndi wothandiza, amagwiranso ntchito zina, zizindikiro zenizeni kwambiri kusiyana. Mwachitsanzo, zimango za polojekitiyi maonekedwe a kasakaniza wazitsulo ndi zinthu zitsulo anawagawa m'magulu atatu:

• Bwanji mapangidwe carbides.
• Ndi kusinthika polymorphic.
• Ndi mapangidwe mankhwala intermetallic.

Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti aliyense milandu zitatu zotsatira za alloying zinthu pa katundu wa mankhwala intermetallic komanso amadalira zosafunika ena. Mwachitsanzo, mtengo mwina ndende ya mpweya kapena chitsulo. Palinso gulu la zinthu kale polymorphic kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha mmene. Makamaka, maimidwe zinthu zimene zingathe kupezeka kwa alloyed ferrite mu aloyi, komanso analogues awo, mulingo woyenera olimba kulimbikitsa zili austenite kaya kutentha.

Mmene alloying pa kasakaniza wazitsulo ndi steels

Pali njira zingapo zimene Mkhalidwe makhalidwe a zitsulo angathe bwino. Choyamba ndi khalidwe thupi akanadziŵa zinthu zothandiza luso. Doping mu gawo ili angathe kuonjezera mphamvu, ductility, kuuma ndi hardenability. zotsatira wina zabwino malangizo a zinthu alloying ndi kusintha katundu chotchinga. Pa nkhani imeneyi, ndi kupereka amadza kukana, wofiira kuuma, kutentha kukana ndi pakhomo mkulu wa chiwonongeko zikuwononga. Ntchito zina zitsulo kukonzekera ndi kupatsidwa electrochemical katundu. Pankhaniyi, zinthu alloying ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kumapangitsanso magetsi ndi matenthedwe madutsidwe, makutidwe ndi okosijeni kukana, ndi magnitopronitsaemosti. D.

Features wa chikoka admixtures zoipa

oimira Chitsanzo zosafunika zoipa ndi phosphorous ndi sulfure. Mokhudzana ndi phosphorous, izo amaperekedwa ndi chitsulo pawiri amatha kupanga mbewu osalimba kuti sakutha alloying. Chifukwa, ndi aloyi chotsatira wotaya digiri ake okwezeka kachulukidwe ndi okutidwa ndi brittleness. Komabe, pawiri ndi mpweya ndi kupereka yankho zabwino kuwongolera Chip ndondomeko kulekana. khalidwe limeneli facilitates njira Machining. Sulfa, nayenso, ndi woopsa kwambiri mankhwala. Ngati zotsatira za zinthu alloying mu zitsulo lonse cholinga kusintha kukana zinthu ndi zinthu zakunja izi kumatha kusakanizikana monga gulu. Mwachitsanzo, ndende yake yapamwamba mu dongosolo amatsogolera chinawonjezeka attrition kukana kuchepetsa zitsulo kutopa ndi kuchepetsa kukana dzimbiri.

kuchita doping Technology

Childs ndi doping imagwiridwa pansi yopanga zitsulo ndi kuyang'anira kapena kumayambiriro misa osungunula a zinthu zina zafotokozedwa pamwambapa. Chifukwa cha kutentha mankhwala mu dongosolo pali mankhwala ndi thupi njira ya mankhwala zinthu makamaka ndi mapindikidwe. Choncho, zinthu alloying kulola kusintha amasokoneza zitsulo.

Pomaliza

Doping ndi zovuta ndondomeko kusintha makhalidwe a zitsulo. Kumvetsa makamaka tichipeza mu kusankha maphikidwe mulingo woyenera koyamba kukwaniritsa katundu kufunika anapereka preform. Monga tanenera kale, zotsatira za zinthu alloying a osiyanasiyana ndipo osokoneza. Mmodzi ndi yemweyo yogwira zikuluzikulu za zowonjezera mwina Mwachitsanzo, nthawi yomweyo kusintha mphamvu ya chitsulo ndi kunyoza madutsidwe ake matenthedwe. Ntchito akatswiri ndi kukhala osakaniza kuwina wa zinthu zimene zidzapanga zitsulo gawo kapena dongosolo loyenera kwambiri makhalidwe ake mu mawu a cholinga chinachake.