The amuzolengedwa zikuchokera magazi

Magazi - magazi kwachilengedwenso amene amapereka ziwalo ndi minofu ndi zakudya ndi oxygenic. Pamodzi ndi dongosolo lymph ndipamene kufalitsidwa mthupi. Iwo amachita angapo ntchito yofunika: zakudya, excretory, kuteteza, kupuma, makina, zolimbana, kulamulira kutentha.

The zikuchokera magazi a anthu zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri ndi zaka. Izo ziyenera anati ana ali kwambiri kagayidwe, kotero thupi lawo kuchuluka kwake wokulirapo pa makilogalamu 1 thupi poyerekeza ndi akulu. Pafupifupi munthu wamkulu malita kapena asanu madzimadzi izi kwachilengedwenso.

The zikuchokera zikuphatikizapo madzi a m'magazi (madzi gawo) ndi zinthu anapanga (erythrocytes, leukocytes, maselo othandiza magazi kuundana). The ndende ya maselo ofiira a magazi zimadalira mtundu. The plasma ulibe mapuloteni (fibrinogen) amatchedwa seramu. Izi madzimadzi Tizilombo anachita pang'ono zamchere.

The amuzolengedwa zikuchokera mwazi - machitidwe gawo lotetezedwa. The buffers magazi oti bicarbonate (7% ya okwana misa), mankwala (1%), mapuloteni (10%), hemoglobin ndi oksigemoglobinovaya (kwa 81%) ndi acidic (1%) a dongosolo. Mu plasma chogwidwa ndi bicarbonate, mankwala, mapuloteni ndi asidi maselo ofiira - carbonate wa hydrogen, mankwala, mu hemoglobin wa - oksigemoglobinovaya ndi acid. Zikuchokera acidic gawo lotetezedwa dongosolo muli organic zidulo (nthochi, lactate, pyruvic, etc.) ndi mchere awo ndi zapansi amphamvu. Chofunika kwambiri ndi hydro ndi dongosolo hemoglobin gawo lotetezedwa.

Mipweya ya magazi. Magazi amakhala ndi zonse mipweya. The madzi ndi 55-60% ya okwana buku magazi ndi 90% ya madzi. Zolimba akupanga organic (9%) ndi mchere (1%) zakuthupi. Organic zinthu zofunika ndi mapuloteni, ambiri amene apanga mu chiwindi.

Mapuloteni zikuchokera magazi. Total mapuloteni okhutira ndi mwazi wa nyama Mitandadza pa 6 ndi 8%. Pali za zana ndi mapuloteni zigawo za madzi. Iwo akhoza kugawidwa tuzigawo twa atatu: albumin, globulin ndi fibrinogen. Madzi a m'magazi mapuloteni, amene anatsalira kuchotsa fibrinagena otchedwa magazi seramu mapuloteni.

Albumins ali nawo mayendedwe zakudya zambiri ndi zinthu biologically yogwira (chakudya, zidulo mafuta, mavitamini, ayoni zochita kupanga, bilirubin). Nawo lamulo la madzi ndi mchere kagayidwe. Seramu globulins munalekanitsidwa ku tuzigawo twa atatu alpha-, beta- ndi Popanga madzi a gamma-globulins. Globulins Amakweza zidulo mafuta, mahomoni steroid, mavitamini mafuta-sungunuka, matupi m'thupi.

The zimam'patsa zikuchokera magazi. The plasma lili monosaccharides (shuga, fructose), glycogen, glucosamine monosaccharides phosphates ndi mankhwala ena wapakatikati wa zimam'patsa kagayidwe. Zambiri za chakudya umaimiridwa ndi shuga. Shuga ndi monosaccharides ena mu madzi a m'magazi limati ufulu ndi mapuloteni-womangidwa. The zili shuga zogwirizana ukufika 40-50% ya okwana zili zimam'patsa. Pakati chakudya wapakatikati kagayidwe kachakudya mankhwala lactate anachira asidi, zili amene kumawonjezera zikuchepa pambuyo zolimbitsa thupi katundu.

The shuga ndende akhoza zosiyanasiyana limati matenda ambiri. Chodabwitsa hyperglycemia khalidwe la shuga, hyperthyroidism, mantha, mankhwala, malungo.

The zamadzimadzi zikuchokera magazi. The plasma lili ku 0,7% ndi lipids kwambiri. Lipids ali limati ufulu ndi mapuloteni-womangidwa. zamadzimadzi ndende mu kusintha plasma mu kudwala lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, mu TB, izo angafikire 3-10%.

mpweya magazi. biofluid Izi limapangidwa oxygen (mpweya), mpweya woipa ndi Nayitirojeni mu limati ufulu ndi kuchuluka. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, za 99,5-99,7% zokhudzana hemoglobin oxygenation, ndi 03-0,5% ali mu mkhalidwe ufulu.