Kuyambira kale, anthu akhala akuyesetsa kubisa mfundo zina m'maso kuwafunsa mafunso ochititsa manyazi. Choncho n'zosadabwitsa kuti mwa chilakolako chimenechi sayansi lonse - cryptography. Ndi chiyani icho? Ali ntchito ndi zolinga zotani?
zambiri
njira Kale cryptography, monga ulamuliro, tithandize anthu. Koma popeza Internet anakhala ambiri, anakhala katundu osiyanasiyana anthu. Cryptography tsopano ntchito ndi hackers, omenyana kwa deta wokhulupirika ndi ufulu mauthenga ndi anthu chabe amene akufuna chitetezo deta awo osati kuwala iwo pa ukondewo. Koma chifukwa akufunabe cryptography? Kodi izo ndi zimene kungatithandize? Ndi sayansi kuti chinkhoswe popereka mauthenga zachinsinsi.
Mbiri ya chitukuko
Akukhulupirira kuti cryptography maziko anaika Eneya Tacticus. Pofunafuna chitetezo deta anachita mu India wakale, ndi Mesopotamia. Koma iwo sanali bwino. Woyamba dongosolo odalirika chitetezo anayamba kupanga mu China wakale. Ponseponse cryptography anapeza m'mayiko kalekale. Ndiyeno kuigwiritsa ntchito pa nkhondo. njira Cryptographic kupezekanso mu Ages Middle, koma iwo kale anatenga amalonda ndi akazembe. The zaka za golide za sayansi uwu umatchedwa Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Pa bayinare njira yomweyo kubisa wakhala akufuna zofanana ntchito lero mu makompyuta. Pa First World nkhondo, iye anali kutchulidwa zonse kunachitika chida nkhondo. Kunali koyenera kumasulira posts mdani - ndipo akhoza kupeza chifukwa zidzasintha. Monga mwachitsanzo, kudutsana wa matelegalamu kutumizidwa ndi German kazembe mabungwe nzeru Arturom Tsimmermanom US. Mapeto chinali chakuti United States analowa nkhondoyo kumbali ya Entente. Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse anali ngati nkhungu citukuko Intaneti kompyuta. Ndipo chopereka ndithu kuti zimenezi cryptography. Kodi izo ndi zomwe zotsatira zake zopindulitsa kwa ntchito kwake? Maboma ena anachita mantha a n'zotheka kuti moratorium pa ntchito kubisa deta.
Kugwa kwa boma okhawo
Koma oletsa ndi maboma sinathe, ndipo mu 1967 lofalitsidwa buku Davide Kahn "Bakuman". Limachita mbiri ya chitukuko komanso ndizosowa cryptography ndi cryptanalysis. Pamene inasindikizidwa womkanikizawo, bukuli, iye anayamba kuoneka ndi ntchito zina. zinthu anayamba ngati chigumukire ndi. Pa nthawi yomweyo pali mapangidwe njira zamakono kwa sayansi, ndi bwino imalongosola zofunika zazikulu zimene ayenera kukwaniritsa mfundo encrypted: wokhulupirika, chinsinsi ndi neotslezhivaemost. Ndiye zigawo ziwiri akhala olekanitsidwa ndi mowirikiza zimavuta mbali: cryptanalysis ndi kriptosintez. Anthu malangizo choyamba kufunafuna njira kuzilambalala chitetezo ndi kuthekera kumatula ake. Ngakhale aja amene kriptosintezom, cholinga ndi kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha mfundo. Ndipo mmene zinthu masiku ano? Apa, mwachitsanzo, FSB cryptography akhoza anadula? Kodi? Mwachangu bwanji?
modernity
Pamene Internet anaoneka, cryptography zafika pamlingo latsopano. njira ake tsopano ankagwiritsa ntchito ndi anthu wotuluka e-malonda ku chizindikiritso, kutsimikizika ndi zina zotero. Ndipo kodi tingatani kuti sanatchule Bitcoin - cryptocurrency, amene kwaiye malinga enieni aligorivimu masamu, ndipo sumalamulidwa ndi boma. izi zikutanthauza wa kupereka ntchito kuzilambalala malamulo, kapena sitilidziwa kuyatsa. Mwachitsanzo, mukhoza kukhala mwatsatanetsatane pa lingaliro ndi Bitcoins. dongosolo anali akufuna ndi mapulogalamu wina dzina lake Wei DAI. Ndipo mu 2009, zinthu bwinobwino akuyendera Satoshi Nakamoto. Pakuti wotuluka safuna intermediaries mu mawonekedwe a banki kapena bungwe lina ndalama, choncho iwo amakhala ovuta kwambiri mme-. Ndipo chifukwa siyana zonse maukonde mupewe kapena amaundana Bitcoins zosatheka. Choncho, angagwiritsidwe ntchito kulipira aliyense katundu - ngati wogulitsa akuvomera kulandira ndalama. Analenga ndalama zatsopano zitha kukhala ogwiritsa okha amene amapereka kompyuta mphamvu ya makompyuta awo.
terminology
Choncho, pali cryptography, chimene icho chiri, ife tikudziwa kale, tiyeni kumvetsa chimodzimodzi ndi ena mwa mawu kukhala kosavuta.
Chidwi kwambiri kwa ife dongosolo yoyenda yokha ya malipiro amagetsi. Zikomo kwa iye, wogula ndi wogulitsa angathe kulankhula popanda mavuto. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti mu nkhani kuti kutapa ndalama ndalama ku banki kuti kuthera chimodzi zambiri ndikupeleka.
Kudzibisa - lingaliro kutanthauza kuti ophunzira mu ndikupeleka ntchito confidentially. Zimakhala mtheradi ndipo anati. Zikatero akadali amapereka nawo arbitrator ndi. Iye akhoza, ngati zinthu zina zimapezeka, kuzindikira anthu.
Mwachilungamo chipani - otchedwa munthu amene ali ndi zonse zofunika ndi likunena amatsatira protocol dongosolo.
kusiya-pakati - ndi mkangano amene ali ndi chikhulupiliro onse. Iwo amatitsimikizira kulemekeza anthu anagwirizana protocol.
mdani - ndi watilakwira amene amafuna kulepheretsa wozungulira anakhazikitsa lipoti chinsinsi. Ndi kusakhulupirika, monga amaona ophunzira onse dongosolo.
kukhala anonymous
Tiyeni kufufuza nkhani imeneyi ndi chitsanzo yosavuta kumva. Zachinsinsi Azelote amakonda kuyamba ndi CGI proxies (ukonde proxies). Iwo safuna kukhazikitsa pulogalamu osiyana ndi kuononga mutu wanu zovuta kasinthidwe wa chigawo hardware. Pankhaniyi wosuta chabe amapereka zomwe akufuna kupita ku webusaiti. wosuta Izi anapempha m'malo awo, ndiyeno patsogolo deta kwa munthu. Koma pali ena mbuna: Web tidzakulowereni ali ndi mphamvu yodabwitsa kutengera yokha onse kudutsa mfundo. Ambiri mwayi umenewu amasangalala.
Kwa anthu ambiri odziwa ankakonda kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo kungachititse wo- tsogolera. utumiki uwu amagwiritsa Mipikisano wosanjikiza yolozera dongosolo, womwenso unyolo maseva tidzakulowereni. Muziona deta ndi zovuta chifukwa cha njira nthambi. Ndiyamika wo- tsogolera limapereka owerenga ake ndi mkulu mlingo wa chitetezo deta. Ngakhale pali ena peculiarities.
CYPHERPUNK
Mawu amenewa ntchito poyerekezera ndi anthu, adamthamangira kwambiri maganizo kudzibisa. anthu amenewa zokwanira maseva tidzakulowereni, ndi muyeso wa utumiki wa cryptography machitidwe awo opaleshoni sanakhutire. Choncho iwo amayesetsa kuti azipeza kudzibisa pogwiritsa ntchito machitidwe lotseguka cryptographic. Nthawi zambiri iwo ndi Anthu CYPHERPUNK kuyenda. Tikumbukenso kuti zimenezi nthawi zambiri silinatchulidwe ndale ochekenera. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti Anthu ena a crypto-anarchism ndipo ambiri libertarian malingaliro chikhalidwe.
kamangidwe
Masamu ndi cryptography zikugwirizana kwambiri sayansi, wachiwiri motere kuyambira pachiyambi. Development wa njira kubisa ndi decryption deta zochokera osiyanasiyana njira algebraic. zochita zonse zofunikira angathe kuchitidwa ndi munthu mmodzi, koma kuchuluka kwa boma lonse analenga mabungwe osiyana.
Choncho, choncho, tingathe tchulani chitsanzo cha Institute of Cryptography pa Federal Security Service. ndondomeko kubisa mwakuchita iye ntchito mtundu deta tcheru, mwayi umene ndi kupangidwa kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri. Si nkhani yamasewera - cryptography. luso Information komanso amafananadi ndi sayansi. Koma mu nkhani iyi zikutanthauza kubisa deta mu njira yakuti iwo amatha kuwerenga ina kompyuta zomangamanga. Monga mukuonera, ndi sayansi pa moyo masiku umafananirako.
Pomaliza
Cryptography si chinthu chophweka kuchita. Kumene, mukhoza panokha munthawi yanu kulenga dongosolo lawo kubisa, koma si zoona kuti ukhoza ndi zambiri kapena zochepa amphamvu kukana anaumitsa akatswiri. Ngati akufuna kuti timvetsetse ndizosowa cryptography, mukhoza kuyamba ndi khalidwe la masamu. Ngakhale mukhoza kwambiri wosalira ntchito yanu ndi ntchito imodzi mwa ambiri kachitidwe kubisa lotseguka deta. Koma mu nkhani iyi m'pofunika kuukitsa funso zimatha mphamvu zawo ndi mlingo wa chitetezo.