Cathedral wa St. Stanislaus ndi St. Vladislav, Vilnius, Lithuania

Cathedral wa St. Stanislaus ndi St. Vladislav (Vilnius, Lithuania) - si yaikulu kukopa alendo a mzinda, komanso waukulu Roma Katolika m'dziko lonselo. Malowa ali pamtunda pa phazi la Castle Hill, pamwamba pa womwenso ndi Tower wa Gediminas. Pitani likulu la Lithuania, ndi sakuona Cathedral sangathe, ngakhale ulendo wake si m'gulu mapulani anu. Ndi tchalitchi lalikulu ndi misewu yonse ya gawo lakale la mzindawo. Kodi tchalitchi kotero wotchuka, amene anadzipereka? Kodi ayenera kuona ndi mitengo pansi arches otchuka? Izi m'nkhani yathu.

udindo tchalitchi: zikutanthauza chiyani?

Choyamba momveka bwino funso la chifukwa Cathedral wa St. Stanislaus ndi St. Vladislav ndi yofunika kwambiri lonse la Vilnius ndi Lithuania a okhulupirira. Popeza 1922, kachisi anapatsidwa udindo tchalitchi. mawu lachokera ku Greek "basileus" -imperator mfumu. Mutu wa tchalitchi akachisi mphoto Papa kutsindika mbali ya mpingo. Ndipo mawu akuti "tchalitchi" kutanthauza kuti mpingo - mudzi waukulu.

Kodi wapadera mu Cathedral wa St. Stanislav ndi Vladislav kuti anapatsidwa udindo ngati mkulu? Choyamba, ndi yakale kwambiri mu dziko. Chachiwiri, panali coronation wa mafumu a Great Lithuania. Chachitatu, mu crypt wa mpingo m'manda akalonga olemekezeka, mabishopu ndi olemekezeka. Ndipo Kachinayi, pali anachita ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya mpingo yonse ndi zikondwerero anthu. Choncho sitipita mu Cathedral wa Vilnius kungakhale kum'lakwira iye.

Mbiri ya nyumba

Padangokhala malo awa inali kachisi wachikunja. Polemekeza mulungu wa Bingu Mphezi usana ndi usiku anali ndi moto wa paguwa lansembe. mwala uwu anapezeka zinthu zakale ndi posachedwapa mu mayenje a mdima a kachisi, pa nthawi iyi poyera. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chitatu, wa Chilituyaniya Mfumu Mindaugas (analamulira ku 1223) ankafuna tipezekemo thandizo Livonians wa wamphamvu kwambiri asilikali pa nthawi imeneyo ku Ulaya Knights, kotero iye anakhala Mkristu. Pamalowa zachikunja kachisi wa Perun anamanga mpingo (mwina mu 50s kwa zaka za m'ma 13). Koma kenako mkulu anabwerera ku chipembedzo chake chakale. mpingo anawonongedwa ndi malo ake kumanga kachisi Perkunas ndi Thunderer.

Pomaliza, mu 1387 izo potsiriza anapatsa Chikhristu mu dziko. Kuchokera ndiye likulu la Poland mu Kraków anabwera Vilnius Korol Yagaylo, amene analipo pa nthawi imeneyo, ndipo Grand Duke la Lithuania, iye mwini analipo pa kuwonongedwa kwa kachisi wachikunja. Mu malo ake Mfumu yekha anaika mwala woyamba wa Mpingo wa Katolika. Choncho Cathedral wa St. Stanislaus inamangidwa. Kuti inamangidwa mu kalembedwe Gothic ndi makoma wakuda ndi buttresses. tchalitchi uyu anayimirira mpaka 1419.

kachisi wa metamorphosis

Kuyambira Gothic ku kachisi ano anakhalabe zidutswa yekha. Cathedral anatentha mobwerezabwereza (mu 1399 ndi 1419 motero, komanso kangapo m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi). Popeza kachisi ili pa chilumba jutting mu mtsinje Neris (Vilija dzina wachiwiri), nthawi zambiri anthu a madzi osefukira. Koma Cathedral wa St. Stanislaus zonse anamanganso ndi nzika moonjezera wokongola. Makamaka zambiri ndalama resettlement wa mpingo anapereka Chilituyaniya Grand Duke Vytautas ndi mkazi wake Anna Svyatoslavovna.

tchalitchi anamangidwanso kalembedwe Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kuyambira Italy Korol Sigizmund Augustus analemba mbuye mapulani - Bernardo Zanobbi inde Gianotti, ndipo kenako Dzhovanni Chini wa Siena. Koma zipambano zawo lalikulu mwala sizinawakhudze nthawi yathu. A moto mu 1610 anawononga kulengedwa kwa ambuye Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Kubwereranso kwa tchalitchi anali pachibwenzi wamanga Vilgelm Pol. Robert kuwononga Russian asilikali, umene 1655 alanda mzindawo, ndiponso m'munsi mwa kachisi Baroque kaŵirikaŵiri. Anatsiriza kuwonongedwa kwa asilikali Swedish.

Pamene nyumbayi amamuonera tione zamakono

Mu 1769, Vilnius inasesa ndi mphepo ndi kale lonse. Ndi mphepo wokhala anakomoka nsanja kum'mwera kwa kachisi, litakwiliridwa pansi pa makhalidwe atsogoleri asanu. tsoka Zimenezi zinapangitsa nzika kukhulupirira kuti kufunika kwambiri kumanganso Cathedral wa St. Stanislaus.

Ntchito yomanga nyumba zatsopano pa mabwinja a zaka motsogoleredwa ndi wotchuka Chilituyaniya wamanga Lourinas Gucevičius. Iye anaima ndi wofuna ntchito - kuphatikiza mu umodzi mapulani gulu loyimba nyumba osiyana kalembedwe: ndi nave chachikulu (Gothic), yopemphereramo wa St. Casimir (Baroque), matchalitchi ena (Kubadwa Kwatsopano). Pa nthawi yomweyo, wamanga ankafuna kachisi, kukakomana ndi mzimu wa nyengo ano. Ndipo pa nthawi imeneyo anali chogwidwa ndi classicism. Monga anaima ndi katswiri wa zomangamanga, tchalitchi amayenera kukhala ngati wakale kachisi Greek. Onani ana awo Gucevičius Sikuti. Koma atamwalira ntchito Anapitiriza ndi mapulani ena, malinga ndi dongosolo lake.

nyengo Soviet

Mu 1922, Papa Benedict chopatsika Wachiwiri Vilnius Cathedral tchalitchi udindo. Ngakhale pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World inachitika mu kupembedza kachisi. Koma boma la Soviet pambuyo analanda dziko la Lithuania ankaona Cathedral wa St. Stanislaus odana Soviet. Mpingo unali chatsekedwa ndipo inasanduka nyumba yosungiramo katundu wina. Mu 1950, inachotsedwa pa ntsoyi ya tchalitchi ndi kuwononga zifaniziro za oyera mtima. Thupi anabwera mu mkhalidwe womvetsa chisoni. Zopempha nzika mu 1956, Vilnius Chithunzi Gallery linakhazikitsidwa mu tchalitchi kale. Limba linakhalanso ndi kuyambira 1963 Lamlungu m'kachisi anayamba mwamantha zoimbaimba.

Popeza 1980, tinayamba zikuluzikulu ntchito kupulumutsa frescoes wapadera. Iwo kwa zaka khumi. Mu 1989 tchalitchi m'manja mwa Roma Katolika. Iwo anali atakhazikika nkhani katundu ndi izo. Choncho m'nyumbayi mwa mpanda wa kachisi anakhalabe. Tsopano lili crypt (chapansi) a tchalitchi.

Kunja ndi mkati

The wapakamwa wa nyumbayi ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha kalembedwe zachikhalidwe. Iwo chokongoletsedwa ndi mizati ndi mafano padenga kulengedwanso kwa zithunzi za St. Stanislaus, Kazimir ndi Elena. Mu niches mukhoza kuona ziboliboli za alaliki anayi.

Cathedral wa St. Stanislaus (Vilnius) okongola mkati kunja. Ena makumi asanu frescos ndi zojambula 16-19 zaka kukometsera makoma. Kodi muyenera kulipira mwapadera, chifukwa ndi yopemphereramo wa St. Casimir. Linamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri ndi dongosolo la King Sigismund III Vasa.

Kumangidwa anabweretsa Italy wamanga K. Tensallo komanso zakuthupi nyumba ntchito Swedish sandstone ndi osiyanasiyana nsangalabwi ku Apennines ndi Carpathians. Mu crypt a tchalitchi ili manda imene kugona ndi mafumu ambiri, kuphatikizapo mfumukazi awiri, mkazi wakale wa Sigismund Augustus. Izi Elizabeth Habsburg ndi akazi okongola a nthawi Barbora Radziwill. Komanso mu mpanda wa kachisi lili mtima wa Mfumu Vasa.

Cathedral wa St. Stanislaus (Vilnius) adiresi ndi zina zothandiza

Pezani kachisi uyu ndi ophweka. Ndi ili mu mtima wa mzinda, Cathedral Square, 1. Phunzirani mosavuta ndi kuwuka pafupi wokalamba belu nsanja. Mpingo ndi lotseguka tsiku lililonse, kuyambira asanu m'mawa mpaka maola 19. View Interiors wake ndi mu nthawi yomweyi, ngati osati wopereka misa. Maola kulambira zimadalira masiku sabata ndi maholide achipembedzo.

Cathedral wa St. Stanislaus (Lithuania) wapadera ulemu Zitsulo amene kuno kulambira phulusa la mafumu aakulu. Amalipiritsa crypt polowera (za 4 mayuro). Kuwonjezera pa manda mu kachisi phanga ndi Museum mbiri. Apo inu mukhoza kuwona makombo a ukapolo wa aang'ono oyambirira ndi maguwa zachikunja.