Paleontology: zimene iye kuphunzira?

M'nkhani ino tikambirana ngati sayansi monga paleontology - zimene iye amaphunzira, chifukwa nanga kutumikira dziko ano.

The Kale

Nthawi zambiri, potchula mitundu woyamba wa moyo Padziko Lapansi, anthu amabwera kwa malingaliro zinyamazi. Koma maganizo awo iwowo ndi Anthu ambiri wakale wa dziko lathu, nthawi kuyambira mofulumira awo anachita monga mmene 65 Ma cholakwika. Malinga kuwerengetsera asayansi ena, moyo wa pa dziko anabadwa zaka biliyoni 3,9 zapitazo, ndi chithunzi ichi kuzindikira zovuta.

Zikafika a dziko loyamba asezare makamaka mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo tina, koma kwambiri kenako anali invertebrates choyamba, achule ndi zokwawa.

Ngakhale Greece wakale, asayansi anapeza zinthu zakale za njira zosiyanasiyana za moyo, koma, ndithudi, za msinkhu wawo ndi chiyambi adalibe kuphunzira, ndi zina purposefully kuphunzira awo sanali. Koma kale mu Ages Middle, ndi Kubadwa Kwatsopano, chidwi pa anthu akale a dziko lathu linaphulika ndi mphamvu chatsopano. Ndipo mawu akuti "paleontology" anali akufuna m'zaka za m'ma XIX. Kodi iye kuphunzira ndi chiyani?

nthawi yathu

Choncho, mogwirizana ndi tanthauzo boma paleontology wakhala kuphunzira mitundu wakale wa moyo umene unalipo kale nthawi Geological ndipo anapulumuka lero mu mawonekedwe a mafupa ndi Zidutswa zace. Komanso Dziwani kuti sayansi ici ulikubala intermediates mitundu zochokera zasokoneza kwachilengedwenso.

Kuphunzira mafupa pansi, ndi kusanthula kuda ndi umboni wina kuli zamoyo - zonsezi ndi mbali ya yofunika monga sayansi ya paleontology. Kuti aziphunzira angatipatse? Kuwonjezera kudziwa ongolankhula ndi kumvetsa Inde kwa zinthu, pang'ono. Komabe kuti zaumunthu zofunika musadandaule okha cholinga cha chizunzo cha phindu zakuthupi.

Mwina mbali wotchuka wa zinthu kuphunzira ngati sayansi, chifukwa umene aliyense kamodzi, koma tamva za izo - ndi kuphunzira zinyamazi la mitundu yonse ndi mibadwo. Koma kuchita koposa prosaic - mafupawa awo n'zochepa osati mphamvu zonse, kotero kuti ngakhale mu zinthu zakale, inu mukhoza kuona kukhazikitsanso mafupa kumene mafupa awa mbali yaing'ono chabe.

Poyankha funso limene kuphunzira paleontology, ndi kutchula okhala nyanja wakale mtengo - trilobites osiyanasiyana ndi ena. mitembo yawo zinasungidwa bwino zakufa thanthwe ndi sandstone formations. Chabwino, "wamng'ono" oimira zinyama zakale - chintchito. Chifukwa Madzi oundana ku Siberia, zotsalira za zizindikiro zawo wolemekezeka ndi chidwi chitetezo.

Zothandiza paleontology

Zimene zafotokozedwa timatha sayansi ndi mmene angazigwiritsire ntchito m'madera ena? chakuti amalanga awa, monga kuyenera kwa ena, sangathe kudzitama njira zochititsa chidwi kafukufuku ndi zotsatira, zomwe ukasintha kusintha moyo wathu, monga sayansi, kukonza kapena mankhwala. Koma pamaziko a chidziwitso anasonkhana pang'ono pang'ono, asayansi tidzaphunzira zambiri za mbiri ya dziko lathu mpaka mwamuna ndi kudzaza nthambi wapakatikati wa zamoyo zinachita kusintha. Mwachitsanzo, mothandizidwa ndi radiocarbon kusanthula mtembo angaphunzire zimene nyengo anali mamilioni a zaka zapitazo, munthu wina anabwera kuchokera ku nkhuku kapena nyama zina, ndi kuti maulosi, iwo kusintha ngakhale patapita zaka masauzande ambiri.

chakuti kuphunzira paleontology, mu kuchita, ofanana yosangalatsa, koma zovuta kwambiri masewera pamene izo ziri zovuta kulakwitsa kapena maganizo chabe, chifukwa pa kutaya ofufuza kuli kuposa tikufuna.

zofukulidwa

Koma ngati makombo a zamoyo zina zaka zambiri, nchifukwa chiani iwo chawola mu nthawi? Monga anasunga pambuyo zaka mamiliyoni ambiri, ndi chifukwa m'chipani chawo?

Monga tanenera kale, paleontology - sayansi mitundu wakale wa moyo, ndi ife, iwo anabwera mu mawonekedwe a mafupa. Ndipo chinthu chiri, kuti maphunziro awo, zinthu zoyenera zofunika. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka sandstone, ndipo zimenezi sizinachitike mwangozi. Petrification - njira yapadera mineralization wa zinthu zamoyo tikapanikizika, pakalibe mpweya wokwanira ndi chinyezi, maselo fupa kapena "wovulalayo" pang'onopang'ono impregnated ndi mankhwala mchere. Ndipo pomaliza, anatembenukira kwa mwala.

Zimenezi ndi yaitali kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri akawinduka ndi ena alowererepo thupi, chifukwa mpaka pano mafupawa anabwera zosakwana zingachitike. Komanso, poyamba ayenera kupeza, ndipo si nthawi zonse mu mawonekedwe a mafupa wangwiro. Nthawi zina zokwiriridwa amathera miyezi ingapo kusonkhanitsa chabe iwo molondola.

Madera ambiri zingamuthandize - maphompho ichi, m'zigwa, wakale madipoziti sandstone, pamene Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha chivomezi kugwa zikachitika, ndi nyama kukhala pansi multimeter wosanjikiza thanthwe.

Streamers

Mu paleontology, pali nthambi angapo chachikulu - izo paleozoology ndi paleobotany. The maphunziro loyamba inakhala ndi invertebrates, ndipo chachiwiri - zomera wakale ndi chilichonse chokhudzana ndi iwo. Ndipo iwo, nawonso, zidzasankhidwa zambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa zigawo, amene sitingathe kutchula paleoanthropology, amene investigates makolo anthu. Choncho paleontology, sayansi ya zamoyo analipodi wonse.