Lingathe Kakhungu

Kupumula Kakhungu ingathandize angathe magetsi (katundu), amene anapanga pakati padziko kunja kwa selo nembanemba ndi mbali mkati mwa Kakhungu plasma. The mbali lamkati la Kakhungu wachibale pamwamba akunja nthawi zonse ali ndi mlandu negative. Chifukwa mtundu uliwonse wa maselo kupumula ingathandize zayamba zonse udzakwaniritsidwa. Choncho, magazi ofunda mu ulusi minofu chigoba ndi 90 MV, m'mnyewa wamtima maselo - 80, maselo mitsempha - 60-70. Lingathe Kakhungu alipo maselo amoyo onse.

Malinga ndi masiku chiphunzitso ankaona kotunga magetsi aumbike chifukwa cha udakali chabe kayendedwe ka ayoni.

Chabe zoyenda limapezeka pamodzi ndende masinthidwe amtundu sikutanthauza mphamvu athandizira izo. Maselo mu malo ampumulo ali ndi permeability kwambiri ayoni potaziyamu. Mu cytoplasm ya mitsempha ndi minofu maselo iwo (ayoni potaziyamu) alipo nthawi makumi atatu ndi makumi asanu kuposanso madzimadzi intercellular. The cytoplasm ayoni ali ndi ufulu mawonekedwe ndipo zinachititsa monga ndende masinthidwe amtundu, mu madzimadzi extracellular kudutsa nembanemba lapansi. The interstitial madzimadzi okhudza maselo ambiri anions asungidwa padziko akunja nembanemba lapansi.

Mu malo okhudza maselo ambiri muli makamaka anions pyruvic, acetic, asidi aspartic ndi zidulo zina organic. Chidulo zochita kupanga ali mlingo wochepa. Anions kusinthitsa kudzera Kakhungu sangathe. Iwo amakhala mu khola. Anions imakonzedwa kumbali mkati nembanemba lapansi.

Chifukwa chakuti mtengo zoipa zimene anions ndi cations kwa - zabwino, pamwamba akunja nembanemba ali ndi mlandu zabwino, ndi mkati - negative.

Mu ndi extracellular ayoni madzimadzi ndi sodium mu eyiti kuti kakhumi kuposa mu khola. permeability awo ndi otsika. Komabe, chifukwa malowedwe a ayoni ndi sodium kumlingo yafupika Kakhungu angathe. Pamene izi zimachitika ndi mayamwidwe wa ayoni chlorine mu selo. The zili ayoni izi mu nthawi khumi ndi makumi atatu kuposa mu madzi ndi extracellular. Kakhungu angathe ukuwonjezeka pang'ono chifukwa malowedwe awo. Komanso, pali Kakhungu ndi wapadera maselo limagwirira. Imakhala Kukwezeleza yogwira potaziyamu ndi sodium wochuluka ayoni motsogozedwa kuchuluka ndende. Choncho anathandiza amaayoni asymmetry.

Kayendedwe yogwira ayoni ndi zotsatira za ntchito ya sodium wochuluka-potaziyamu "mpope" (mpope). Yogwira kusamuka kwa ayoni sodium, chifukwa malowedwe a maselo mu selo ion potaziyamu. Mu wapawiri magalimoto mpope anagwira vekitala zimene pamapeto, yotengekatengeka ndi oipa mphamvu kagayidwe kachakudya wa ATP. Kudzera mphamvu molekyulu ATP hydrolysis 2 ion potaziyamu kudutsa mkati maselo, ndi 3 ndi sodium ayoni ali kusamutsidwa kunja.

Pa zina, Ulusi minofu pofuna kugwira ntchito kwa mapampu ion yaikulu peresenti makumi awiri a ma mphamvu.

Mothandizidwa ATPase enzyme cleaves ATP. Chiphe ulusi mitsempha cyanide monoyodatsetatom, dinitrophenol, ndi zinthu zina, kuphatikizapo mabasi njira ya glycolysis ndi ATP kaphatikizidwe, izo amakwiya (ATP) kuchepetsa cytoplasm ndi ntchito kuchotsa, "mpope".

Kakhungu nawonso ndi permeable kuti ayoni mankhwala enaake (mu ulusi makamaka minofu). Maselo ndi permeability mkulu, ayoni potaziyamu ndi chlorine mofanana kupanga Kakhungu pa mpumulo. Choncho zopereka zina kwa selo lomaliza ndondomeko anati ndi negligible.