Relativity makina zoyenda

Izi nthambi ya sayansi monga zimango, wakhala kuphunzira mogwirizana ndi kayendedwe ka matupi. Mbali yaikulu kuyenda ndi gulu m'malere. Koma kayendedwe lokha kwa anthu amene akungokuonani zosiyana zidzayenera kukhala osiyana - ichi ndi relativity za kayendedwe makina. Ataima pambali pa msewu ndi kuwonera galimoto zikusuntha, tikuona kuti iye ali kapena pafupi ndi ife, kapena kuchotsedwa, malinga ndi malangizo a apaulendo.

Zochitika kayendedwe ka makina, tingadziŵe bwanji mtunda pakati akuona ndi galimoto. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ngati ife kukhala mu galimoto ndipo kutsogolo kwathu kudzakhala pa liwiro kusuntha galimoto ina, kutsogolo adzakhala anazindikira anaimirira malo, chifukwa Mtunda sasintha pakati pa makina. Ku maganizo a Kulingalira ataima pambali pa msewu galimoto ikuyenda, mwa mawu a okwera - galimoto ndi n'kupuma.

Izi zikusonyeza kuti aliyense woonerera Akuti gulu m'njira yakeyake, mwachitsanzo relativity makina zoyenda anatsimikiza ndi mfundo imene kuonerera ikuchitika. Choncho, chifukwa chotsimikiza molondola zoyenda thupi n'kofunika kusankha mfundo (thupi), umene zoyenda kuyesa adzachitidwa. Apa involuntarily pali lingaliro limene munthu njira ngati kuphunzira kuyenda kuvumbitsira zovuta kuzimvetsa. Zimakupangitsani inu mukufuna kupeza ina, pamene kuonera kusuntha adzakhala "mtheradi" osati wachibale.

Mwa kuphunzira za relativity za kayendedwe, sayansi, ndi kuyesa kupeza njira yothetsera vutoli. Asayansi, pogwiritsa ntchito mawu monga "rectilinear yunifolomu zoyenda" ndi "changu cha kayendedwe ka thupi," kuyesera kuona thupi kusuntha wachibale amatsata, ndi liwiro osiyana. Chifukwa, chinapezeka kuti zotsatira chidwi zimadalira chiŵerengero cha mathamangidwe ndi zoyenda za thupi wachibale kwa anthu mzake. Ngati mathamangidwe za thupi, ndiye kuti zichotsedwa ngati zochepa, ndiye likuyandikira.

Pakuti kuwerengetsera onse mitunduyi okonzera chakale, kulumikiza liwiro, mtunda ndi nthawi mu yunifolomu apaulendo. Mapeto awa akusonyeza palokha: ndi relativity za kayendedwe makina - ichi ndi lingaliro kuti akusonyeza nthawi yomweyo nthawi iliyonse amatsata. Ziphunzitso za chilinganizo otchedwa Galileo kusinthika. Iye anali woyamba mu zimango chakale kukonza mfundo za relativity za kayendedwe.

Tanthauzo thupi ya kusinthika Galileya ndi zozama kwambiri. Malinga ndi zimango chakale, chilinganizo ake osati Padziko Lapansi koma m'chilengedwe chonse. Mfundo yotsatirayi pamenepa - mofanana danga (uniformly) lonse. Ndipo kamodzi zoyenda mofanana mbali zonse, danga ali katundu isotropic, i.e., katundu zofanana mbali zonse.

Choncho, likukhalira kuti zophweka kwambiri mawotchi zochitika, rectilinear yunifolomu poyenda ndi pa mfundo za kayendedwe makina, kukhala kupeza zofunika kwambiri (kapena amanena): lingaliro la "nthawi" chimodzi zonse, mwachitsanzo, ndi chilengedwe. Komanso, ndizoonekeratu kuti danga ndi isotropic ndi kwenikweni ndi kusintha kwa Galileo chomveka m'chilengedwe chonse.

Nazi zinthu zina zachilendo anachokera ku kuonerera ku mbali ya galimoto kudutsa, komanso akuyesetsa mwa mitunduyi okonzera chakale, kulumikiza liwiro, njira ndi nthawi kupeza malongosoledwe a zimene anaona. Lingaliro yosavuta "relativity za kayendedwe makina," likukhalira, kungachititse kuti mfundo lonse zokhudza kumvetsa zofunika wa chilengedwe chonse.

Monga nkhani zakuthupi a sayansi zachikhalidwe. mafunso yogwirizana ndi relativity za kayendedwe makina ndipo pozindikira kuti kutsatira maganizo izi.