Archimedes mphamvu

Genius Archimedes anakulira m'banja la masamu, maphunziro kwambiri mu Alexandria ndi moyo wake wonse mu mzinda Sicilian wa Surakusa. Iye anakhala woyambitsa wa zimango ongolankhula bwino ntchito pa vuto lopeza malo pamwamba ndi buku mosiyanasiyana ndi matupi osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri kukumbukira mawu wake wotchuka, "Ndipatseni malo kuima ndi ine kudzalimbikitsa Dziko Lapansi!" Ndipo mawu akuti "Eureka!" Pamene iwo anatsegula lamulo dzina la dzina lake. Koma, kuwonjezera, iye anali wasayansi kwambiri m'munda wa masamu ndi zimango, ndi zomangamanga zimene anachita zinali zodabwitsa m'nthawi mtima mfundo ndi zotsatira zazikulu. Iye anamanga catapult ndi vysokopritselnym kuponya dongosolo ake limagwirira chipika mkono amalola kukweza chombo pamwamba pa madzi, ndipo iwo anapanga chipika solntseotrazhayuschih kalirole yopsereza zombo Roma pa kuzinga Surakusa.

Pakati atulukira ena kuti zikugwirizana mbiri ndi dzina la sayansi iyi luso sayansi nthawizonse kukhala mphamvu Archimedes. kafukufukuyu anali kuyanjana ndi zimene: chofunika kudziwa jewelers kuona mtima, kuti korona wa mfumu Hiero II. Chimene chimatchedwa kufunika yeniyeni, linali lodziwika bwino ngakhale mu masiku amenewo, koma mmene kudziwa kuchuluka umenewu mankhwala zovuta kumvetsa sizinali bwino. Bakuman kulumikiza molimba kutsegula mfundo Archimedes 'ndi kutenga kusamba asayansi. Akamanena za chotulukira kwagona kuti thupi madzimadzi amachita buoyancy wa Archimedes, tanthauzo lake nkhani mwapadera opanga za njira kusambira, zipangizo ntchito mu zakumwa, pansi pa madzi, komanso akutsutsa aeronautics - balloons, probes, airships, etc. .

Chiphunzitso tingachipeze powerenga za lamulo limanena kuti buoyancy wofanana ndi kulemera kwa madzi kuti displaces thupi kumizidwa mu izo. Mu ichi tanthauzo chilinganizo zizindikiro zosavuta: ngati tingayerekezere kuti buku la thupi kumizidwa chamadzimadzi ndi wofanana O, ndi chiwerengero cha madzi - tsa, ndiye awo mankhwala ndi kufunika Archimedes mphamvu. Tikutsata ndondomeko za mawerengedwe ake zinalembedwa motere:

F = tsa * About

Nthawi zambiri ndi kumuyesa kuti akuyesedwa mfundo Archimedes ' ndi ulemu kwa mpweya - osalimba kwambiri osiyana wa madzi ndi mpweya. Kwa anthu okayikira ndi kuyesera mwachilungamo wophweka. Masewerawa, ndi mpweya achoke pa mamba lalikulu mpira Mwachitsanzo, galasi, ndi zolemera chitsulo katunduyo.

Choncho, mu mlengalenga kulemera mpira uli moyenera ndi kulemera kwa zolemera ndipo akhoza kulemba anthu aone kuti pali PM = taphunzira kukhuta, chifukwa zinthu moyenera. Ngati poyamba kuganiza kuti Archimedes 'mfundo chomveka, ndiye kulemera pa mpira ndi mphamvu ya Archimedes FSH ndi FG, kenako chikhalidwe cha mgwirizano akhoza anasintha:

Madzulo = Rsh1 - FSH ndi kulima = WG1 - FG kumene Rsh1 WG1 ndi mpira kulemera ndi kulemera mu kuyamwa. Ndiye ife chitani ankaphunzitsa ku sukulu: Rsh1 - PN = WG1 - FG, kumene Rsh1 = WG1 - FG + Photoshop = WG1 + (F yakumadzulo - FG).

Tsopano tiyenera - kufunika kuwulula nkhani za magulu buoyancy kuti mpira ndi miyeso: PN = tsa * Osh ndi poopseza = tsa * m'Chigiriki.

Kupanga M'MALO mfundo za magulu buoyancy mu zosonyeza Rsh1.

Rsh1 = WG1 - FG + PN = WG1 + (p * Osh - tsa * m'Chigiriki) = WG1 + tsa * (OSH - oz).

Potsiriza, ife tikufika ku kulemera mpira mawu dzenje lomwe, mu Popeza kuti Osh> Ogi, molunjika: kulemera mpira lopanda chofunika kwambiri kulemera, ngakhale mu mlengalenga ndipo ali oyenera: Rsh1 = WG1 + tsa * (Osh - Ogi ).

Chifukwa mfundo imeneyi ndi mphamvu Archimedes zimadalira kulemera zenizeni za mlengalenga ndi buku la dera a. Pankhaniyi, onani mfundo imeneyi ndi lophweka - m'pofunika kutulutsa mpweya kunja kwa bokosi. Ngati mukuchita izi, inu akhoza onetsetsani kuti lamulo ndi lamulo, ndipo mwachita iriyonse paliponse - onse mu madzi ndi mpweya. Umboni wa zimenezi mulibe, ndi zolemera kale moyenera mpira.

Chipangizo, amene alipo kwambiri - mosalekeza oonetsa mfundo Archimedes 'm'njira zake zonse, ndi sitima zapamadzi. Lamulo kulemera chotengera cha kukwaniritsidwa kwa options amayendayenda ntchito ballast akasinja - chitsanzo momveka bwino ntchito kuchita ndi kupezedwa wakale kwambiri zinthu zamakono.