Chlorate potaziyamu

Nthawi zambiri ndi mankhwala otchedwa potaziyamu chlorate mchere, sayansi ndi dzina la France - Berthollet, amene anatsegula chlorate potassium chilinganizo chimene ananena KClO3. Berthollet mu mayesero awo kulandira chuma ndi zochita za chlorine mu njira zamchere pa kutentha pa zotani. Chifukwa cha linachepa zimapezeka mankhwala enaake potassium chlorate potaziyamu ndi tizidutswa madzi atatu. Tikaona chilinganizo cha mankhwala, ayenera kulabadira zimene bertoletova mchere wolemera kwambiri oxygen.

Kunja mchere bertoletova ndi timibulu colorless amene kachulukidwe wa magalamu 2,32 pa centimeter kiyubiki pa 356oS kutentha kuyamba kusungunuka ndipo pa 400 ° C - kuwola ndinso. The solubility wa thunthu ndi magalamu 3,25 pa magalamu zana ya amadzimadzi njira pa kutentha 0 ° C. Ndi kukula kutentha solubility wa potaziyamu chlorate amayamba bwino.

Ndi okwanira Kutentha kutentha n'zosavuta kwambiri kuti "adagawana" maatomu mpweya kuti akhoza anasonyeza zoterezi aone kuti pali: 2KClO3 = 2KCl + 3O2.

Childs, chifukwa potaziyamu chlorate ndi anachita, zimene chlorine mpweya wadutsa pansi kukakamizidwa mpweya kuthamanga kudutsa mkulu kutentha njira ya potaziyamu - hydroxide kapena carbonate.

Pa anachita ndi hydroxides, chlorine mtsinje imatsogoleredwa kupyolera 30% hydroxide potaziyamu njira, ndipo pamene ntchito ngati fyuluta carbonates machitidwe oterewa anaikira kwa mlingo wa 45% njira potaziyamu carbonate.

Nkofunika kuti pa ntchito iyi makhiristo chifukwa zinthu musati kuononga njira mpweya kumangopitirizabe tiyenera kupereka ntchito pa anachita alonzha.

Ndiye, potaziyamu chlorate, analandira mu mawonekedwe a mibulu ayenera umasefedweramo ubweya galasi ndi zouma bwino. Ayenera kuzipewa kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo fyuluta pepala luso chifukwa mchere bertoletova angamvere ndi CHIKWANGWANI ali mu pepala, ndi kuchititsa kuphulika.

Pali njira zambiri kudzera lomwe mukhoza kupeza potaziyamu chlorate mchere. Ife kufotokoza ena mwa iwo.

Flag botolo Wurtz magalamu 5-10 permanganate, ndiyeno ntchito nyuzi amene poyamba kwakhala kofunika amaika botolo ndi njira, mkangano pafupifupi 30-70 millimeters asidi hydrochloric kulimbikira. Bwino zambiri kuchita kukapanda kuleka, chifukwa mu njira iyi bwino malamulo ndi mlingo wa mapangidwe chlorine pa zotani.

Pezani chlorate potaziyamu ndi electrolysis ndipo akhoza. Chifukwa chaichi njira kuikapo maganizo a wamba mchere linakwiriridwa magetsi. Zimenezi ikuchitika motere. Pamafunika wina kuchuluka kwa mchere, zabwino sanali iodized ndi coarse. Khalidwe la zida ntchito ndi maelekitirodi awiri graphite, galasi, mawaya amagetsi, ndi beaker, ndi malire botolo Wurtz. Mawaya olumikizidwa kwa sitepe-pansi thiransifoma kudzera ndi rectifier kuti otembenuka AC kwa DC. Electrolysis anali imachitika pa njira kutentha 70 - 80 madigiri.

Zimene ndipamene mankhwala enaake potassium amene ali kwambiri sungunuka kwambiri madzi kuposa mchere bertoletova. Choncho, pambuyo njira zotani, potaziyamu chlorate anakaika pa makoma a chotengera ndi ya mankhwala enaake potaziyamu uli kusungunuka mu madzi.

Pamene akuchita zatsopano zosiyanasiyana ndi zochita ndi zinthu zofunika kulabadira chakuti zosakaniza, makamaka ndi zipangizo organic - zachiwawa kwambiri, komanso "tcheru" kuyankha ku mitundu yonse ya nkhonya, kukhudzana ndi kutentha. Pakati pa zinthu achangu omwe anatani ndi chlorate mchere monga sulfure, antimony, mwachizolowezi mpweya wakuda, wofiira phosphorous, ngakhale shuga ndi wowuma.

Ngozi makamaka ndi potaziyamu perchlorate - potaziyamu Perchlorate. pawiri uyu ali ndi zachiwawa amphamvu kwambiri, choncho ntchito ndi "ntchito sing'anga" mu mabomba, projectiles ndi migodi. Pamene nthawi yaitali yosungirako, pawiri uyu akhoza zokha azinyadira.