Kachulukidwe wa madzi Amazing ndi variable

Popeza kuti madzi ndi mankhwala pano kulikonse, komanso udindo lake lalikulu mu mapangidwe ndi kukonzanso ambiri a mitundu moyo tidziwa njira sukulu. Kodi wina tinganene za katundu zodabwitsa za H ₂ O?

Physics limanena kuti chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu ndi osalimba a madzi. muyeso uwu tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane. n'kopindulitsa chiyani? osalimba a madzi, komanso mankhwala ena aliwonse kapena chuma chimasonyeza angati ndipo zambiri ndendende, kodi uli mu unyinji wa buku linalake la thunthu.

madzi zodabwitsa kuti kachulukidwe ake m'pofunika kulankhula mosiyana ndi chiyani? Choyamba, ndi chiwerengero wololera mitundu yake. madzi angakhale madzi ndi mchere, olemera ndi owonjezera lolemera, amoyo ndi akufa. Komanso, aliyense mawu bwino monga pansi ndi madzi mchere, Madzi a mvula kapena kusungunula madzi, ndondomeko ndi ngakhale youma. madzi, monga ife tonse kumbukirani, izo zikhoza kukhala mu chikhalidwe olimba, gaseous kapena madzi, wotchedwa loitanirana. Mwachibadwa, osalimba a madzi ndi mchere ndi osiyana ndi osalimba a mvula kapena mazira.

Tione makhalidwe chuma (kuphatikizapo osalimba a madzi) m'mikhalidwe wabwinobwino, amene amaganiza kuthamanga mtengo mumlengalenga a 760 mamilimita Hg. Art. ndi yozungulira kutentha wofanana 0 ⁰ C. Ndi magawo izi zisinthe, pa kusintha makamaka kutengera makhalidwe ndi zinthu. Onse kupatula madzi. osalimba a madzi pa kutentha osiyana pansi bwinobwino zinthu sangakhale kwambiri.

Mosiyana ndi zinthu zina, kuchepetsa ndi osalimba pamene usavutike, madzi mu osiyanasiyana madigiri kuchokera 0 kuti 4 Celsius kachulukidwe ake kumawonjezera. Pa kuzirala, buku ndi osalimba wa madzi kachiwiri zinthu uncharacteristically: voliyumu yake ukuwonjezeka ndi osalimba amachepetsa. N'zotheka kusunga zinthu kumene madzi achisanu akuswa mipope madzi. Nyama zakuthengo zachilendo mbali ya H ₂ O amateteza zigawo m'munsi mwa madzi kuchokera yozizira koopsa ndi kupulumutsa miyoyo ya anthu awo. Ponena za kuwonjezeka kutentha madzi, pambuyo malire a 4 ⁰ C, kachulukidwe wake, komanso pa yozizira, iwo amayamba kugwa. Nyanja yopuma madzi, ndi maganizo, kusonyeza kachulukidwe munthu pazipita mu kutentha boma ziro.

Ndipotu n'zosadabwitsa kuti madzi mwangwiro oyera popanda kukhalapo kwa mpweya thovu ndi inclusions tosaoneka dothi kapena fumbi, akhoza utakhazikika digiri -70, popanda mapangidwe ayezi kapena kutentha popanda otentha kutentha malire 150 madigiri Celsius. anomalies amenewa zitheka akamaziwononga (kuthamanga Mwachitsanzo), ndi kubalana awo n'chotheka zinthu zasayansi.

Ambiri, osalimba a madzi bwanji pamaso zosafunika, thovu mafuta ndi mchere mu kapangidwe kake, phindu mumlengalenga kuthamanga, kutentha yozungulira ndi zifukwa zina kunja. Ndi zinthu yosavuta silimatha Timasangalalanso asayansi ndi katundu wawo wosangalatsa mwamtheradi thupi, mphamvu kusintha kapangidwe ndi mipweya.