Mwauzimu nyenyezi. Thambo, chilengedwe. chilengedwe Way

Mu 1845, English zakuthambo Ambuye Rosse anapeza gulu la helical mtundu nebulae. chikhalidwe chawo anakhazikitsa kokha m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri. Asayansi atsimikizira kuti nebulae awa yaikulu machitidwe Nyenyezi ofanana Way wathu, koma iwo anachotsedwa kwa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri zaka kuwala.

zambiri

nyenyezi mwauzimu (Photo anapereka m'nkhani ino, kusonyeza mbali ya kapangidwe awo) mu maonekedwe awo amatikumbutsa awiri mbale zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo limodzi kapena mandala lenticular. Angapezeke monga yaikulu Nyenyezi litayamba ndi kampira. Chigawo chapakati, amene zowoneka akufanana kutupa, wotchedwa lofufuma kwambiri mbali imodzi. A gulu mdima (interstellar sing'anga opaque wosanjikiza) anakafika pamodzi chimbale, otchedwa fumbi interstellar.

nyenyezi mwauzimu zambiri amaimira kalata S. Komanso, iwo akhoza kugawidwa malinga ndi dongosolo mlingo. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, a zilembo zazikulu akuwonjezeka makalata ndi, b kapena c. Choncho, Sa limafanana ndi Way ndi underdeveloped dongosolo helical, koma ndi phata lalikulu. M'kalasi yachitatu - SC - amatanthauza zinthu zosiyana, ofooka ndi wamphamvu pakati pa nthambi mwauzimu. Ena machitidwe nyenyezi m'chigawo chapakati angakhale jumper, ndilo lotchedwa bar. Mu nkhani iyi, mayina akhala chizindikiro V. Way timakhulupirira mtundu wapakatikati, popanda jumper lapansi.

Kodi anapanga mwauzimu litayamba dongosolo?

Lathyathyathya chimbale woboola pakati kufotokoza kasinthasintha wa masango nyenyezi. Iwo hypothesized kuti pa mapangidwe nyenyezi centrifugal mphamvu kumathandiza otchedwa psinjika protogalactic mitambo malangizo ndi perpendicular kwa olamulira a kasinthasintha. Muyenera kudziwa kuti chikhalidwe cha kayendedwe ka mpweya nyenyezi nebulae sali yemweyo: akakufunsani masango atembenuza mofulumira kuposa nyenyezi akale. Mwachitsanzo, ngati liwiro khalidwe la kasinthasintha mpweya ndi 150-500 Km / s, nyenyezi kampira nthawizonse kusuntha pang'onopang'ono. bulges A wopangidwa maofesi amenewa, adzakhala ndi liwiro la katatu poyerekeza zimbale lapansi.

gasi Star

Mabiliyoni kachitidwe dzuwa lomwe kusuntha m'njira zawo mkati nyenyezi zikhoza ankamuona ngati kuchuluka kwa particles zomwe ndi mtundu wa nyenyezi mpweya. Ndipo ambiri chochititsa chidwi, katundu wake ali pafupi kwambiri ndi mpweya yachibadwa. Kuti n'zotheka ntchito malingaliro monga "tinthu kachulukidwe", "kachulukidwe", "kuthamanga", "kutentha". Analogue wa chizindikiro otsiriza ndi mphamvu pafupifupi za "wachisokonezo" zoyenda wa nyenyezi. Mu onsewo litayamba anapanga Nyenyezi mafuta akhoza kufalitsa mafunde mwauzimu mtundu zingalowe-psinjika kachulukidwe pafupi kuchimva. Iwo amatha obegat Way nthaŵi zonse mathamangidwe okhota patangopita zaka zochepa miliyoni zana. Ali ndi udindo kwa mapangidwe mikono mwauzimu. Pa nthawi pamene pali psinjika mpweya, ndi imayamba n'kupanga mitambo ozizira, imbaenda ku nyenyezi yogwira.

ndi chidwi

The mpweya mu kampira ndi dzira machitidwe ndi amphamvu, i.e. otentha. Choncho, lamulo la nyenyezi mu gulu la mtundu uwu ali ndi khalidwe wachisokonezo. Chifukwa, kusiyana zikutanthauza pakati imathamanga awo spatially pafupi zinthu ndi makilomita angapo zana pa mphindi (mathamangidwe kupezeka). Pakuti Nyenyezi mpweya mathamangidwe kupezeka zambiri ndi 10-50 km / m, motero, awo "digirii" ndi chimaonekadi ozizira. Akukhulupirira kuti chifukwa kusiyana imeneyi chagona pa nthawi imeneyi kutali (zaka zoposa mabiliyoni khumi zapitazo), thambo pamene nyenyezi anali atangoyamba kumene kupanga. Woyamba wa iwo anapanga zigawo ozungulira.

mafunde mwauzimu otchedwa kachulukidwe mafunde, amene athamanga pa chimbale onsewo. Chifukwa, nyenyezi za gulu la mtundu uwu, monga anakakamizika mu nthambi, ndiye kupita kumeneko. Malo omwe mathamangidwe la manja mwauzimu ndi nyenyezi mwamalunji, - otchedwa corotation bwalo. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mu malo amene pali dzuwa. Kwa dziko lathuli imeneyi ndi yabwino kwambiri: Earth alipo malo ndi ya chete mlalang'ambawu, chifukwa, kwa zaka zankhaninkhani, zilibe kumva zambiri zimakhudza masoka galactic lonse.

Features wa nyenyezi mwauzimu

Mosiyana ndi nyumba ya elliptical, aliyense Way mwauzimu (zitsanzo Tingaone mu chithunzi kuperekedwa mu pepala ili) ali yake wapadera kununkhira. Ngati yoyamba amagwirizana ndi mtendere, n'kupuma, wokhazikika, mtundu wachiwiri - mphamvu, vortices kasinthasintha. Mwina ndicho chifukwa zakuthambo kuti thambo (chilengedwe) "berserk". Kapangidwe Way mwauzimu mtundu chikuphatikizapo pakati chapakati imene ili wokongola malaya (nthambi). Ali kunja kwa nyenyezi limodzi mwapang'onopang'ono kutaya mawonekedwe awo. Chotero maonekedwe ndi mwina kugwirizana ndi wamphamvu, mofulumira kuyenda. nyenyezi mwauzimu yodziwika ndi zosiyanasiyana, komanso zithunzi za nthambi.

nyenyezi Kodi m'kagulu

Ngakhale zosiyanasiyana izi ofufuza adakhoza m'kagulu onse mwauzimu nyenyezi kudziwika. The chizindikiro chachikulu kugwiritsa ntchito mlingo wa chitukuko cha manja ndi kukula kwa mtima kwawo, ndi mlingo wa compactness kwa zosafunika anaphwa mu maziko.

Sa

Edwin P. Hubble anatenga kalasi Sa anthu nyenyezi mwauzimu, amene nthambi underdeveloped. masango amenewa ayenera phata lalikulu. Nthawi zambiri izi pakati kalasi ya Way ndi theka kukula kwa m'bulu lonse. zinthu izi yodziwika ndi mawu kuthungo. Iwo akhoza ngakhale kuyerekeza ndi elliptical masango nyenyezi. Nthawi zambiri magulu a nyenyezi mwauzimu m'chilengedwe chonse ndinu nthambi ziwiri. Iwo zili pa malekezero ina ya pakati. Unwind nthambi symmetrical, n'zimenenso. Monga mtunda kuchokera pakati pa nthambi za kuwala yafupika, ndi pa mtunda wina ndi iwo anachita amathera kuonekera, anataya mu zigawo zotumphukira lalikulu lapansi. Komabe, pali zinthu zimene alibe awiri kapena kuposa a manja a. Komabe, dongosolo zokhudza Way yosowa kwambiri. Ngakhale kawirikawiri kwambiri akhoza kukumana asymmetric Nebula pamene nthambi imodzi ndi olemera kuposa ena.

SB ndi SC

Subclass SB gulu Edwin P. Hubble ali dzanja zambiri otukuka, koma iwo alibe nthambi olemera. Zokhala n'chochepa kwambiri kuposa mtundu woyamba. Wachitatu subclass (SC) mwauzimu nyenyezi masango ndi zinthu ndi nthambi kwambiri akupangidwa koma likulu la kwawo ochepa.

Kodi n'zotheka kubadwanso?

Asayansi apeza kuti kapangidwe mwauzimu chifukwa cha lamulo osalimba a nyenyezi, kumene kumachitika chifukwa cha chidule amphamvu. Komanso tisaiwale kuti mu mikono ya cholinga, monga ulamuliro, zimphona otentha ndipo pali usonkhanitse misa waukulu akakufunsani nkhani - fumbi interstellar ndi mpweya interstellar. zodabwitsazi tinganene kuti kuchokera ku mbali yina. Palibe kukayika kuti kwambiri wothinikizidwa nyenyezi limodzi mu njira ya kusanduka ake sadzatha kutaya digiri ya compactness. Choncho, tinganene popenyana ndi zosatheka. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, tinganene kuti nyenyezi elliptical sizingathe kulowa mwauzimu, ndipo m'malo mwake, ndi kotero anakonza danga (chilengedwe). M'mawu ena, nyenyezi matsango a mitundu awiriwa si magawo awiri osiyana umodzi chitukuko zamoyo zinachita, ndi dongosolo zosiyana. Mtundu uliwonse ngati chitsanzo zamoyo zinachita njira zosiyana chifukwa psinjika chiŵerengero osiyana. A khalidwe la uyu nayenso zimadalira kusiyana mu kasinthasintha wa nyenyezi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mu njira ya mapangidwe ake, dongosolo nyenyezi akupeza kasinthasintha moti akhoza kutenga wothinikizidwa mawonekedwe, ndipo kukhazikitsa mikono mwauzimu. Ngati mlingo wa kasinthasintha sikokwanira, ndiye Way adzakhala zochepa wothinikizidwa, ndipo nthambi zake anapanga - ichi ndi tingachipeze powerenga elliptical mawonekedwe.

Kodi aliyense ali kusiyana

Pali kusiyana kwina pakati pa machitidwe elliptical ndi mwauzimu nyenyezi. Choncho, mtundu woyamba wa nyenyezi ndi mlingo wochepa wa psinjika, yodziwika ndi pang'ono (kapena ayi) nkhani akakufunsani. Pa nthawi yomweyo masango helical ndi mkulu mlingo wa psinjika, ndipo muli mpweya ndi fumbi. Izi asayansi kusiyana kufotokoza motere. Fumbi ndi tinthu gasi monga iwo kusuntha nthawi anakumana. Zimenezi ndi inelastic. Pambuyo kugunda, ndi particles kutaya gawo la mphamvu zawo, ndi chifukwa, pang'onopang'ono kuthetsa m'madera a dongosolo Nyenyezi, amene ali otsika kuthekera mphamvu.

dongosolo kwambiri wothinikizidwa

Ngati ndondomeko tafotokozazi chikuchitika mu dongosolo kwambiri wothinikizidwa nyenyezi, ulusi diffusive ayenera kuthetsa pansi pa ndege waukulu wa Way, chifukwa izo ziri pano kuti mlingo wa mphamvu ingathandize kuthungo. Apa akupita bwino ndi mpweya ndi fumbi. Komanso akakufunsani nkhani akuyamba kuyenda ake mu ndege yaikulu ya nyenyezi limodzi. Tinthu kusuntha zayamba ikufanana zili m'njira zozungulira. The kugunda apa ndi wokongola osowa. Ngati zidzachitika, ndi zomvetsa mphamvu ndi negligible. Kuchokera pamenepa, ndizoonekeratu kuti nkhani zina ku malo a Way ndi osasunthika, kumene mphamvu ingathandize mlingo akadali m'munsi.

dongosolo Low psinjika

Tsopano tiyeni tione khalidwe la Way elliptical. Dongosolo nyenyezi za mtundu uwu ndi osiyana chosiyana chitukuko cha ndondomekoyi. Apa, ndege chachikulu si malo zodziwika bwino ndi mphamvu otsika angathe. Amphamvu kuchepetsa chizindikiro izi zimachitika kokha ku mbali ya nyenyezi limodzi lapadera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mpweya interstellar ndi fumbi adzakopedwa likulu la mlalang'ambawu. Chifukwa, osalimba a akakufunsani nkhani apa ndi mkulu, apamwamba kuposa mu lathyathyathya kufalitsa mu dongosolo mwauzimu. Atasonkhana chapakati kudzikundikira fumbi ndi gasi pansi pa mphamvu yokoka adzakhala wothinikizidwa, motero anapanga ting'onoting'ono dera nkhani wandiweyani. Asayansi kuti chifukwa cha nkhani iyi mtsogolo anayamba kupanga nyenyezi yatsopano. Ofunika pano ndi osiyana - wamfupi mtambo mpweya ndi fumbi ili mu phata la Way pang'ono wothinikizidwa, osalola nokha kuti tipezamo njira chidwi.

masiteji wapakatikati

Tafotokoza mitundu iwiri waukulu masango nyenyezi - ndi mlingo amphamvu psinjika ofooka ndi. Komabe, pali masiteji wapakatikati, pamene dongosolo psinjika lili pakati pa magawo awa. Mu nyenyezi izi, anayerekezera zimene silamphamvu kuti akakufunsani nkhani anasonkhana pamodzi ndege waukulu limodzi ndi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, si mokwanira ofooka ndi mpweya ndi fumbi anaikira mu malo pachimake. Mu nyenyezi izi kanthu akakufunsani Akusonkhanitsa ndege, amene akupita mozungulira pachimake pa nyenyezi limodzi.

nyenyezi wotsekedwa

subtype wina wodziwika mwauzimu Way - nyenyezi limodzi ndi jumper a. Maonekedwe ake ndi motere. Ngati wamba mwauzimu dongosolo payipi ochokera kwa pachimake litayamba woboola pakati, ndiye mtundu wa malo lili pakati pa mlatho molunjika. A nthambi lalikulu la imayamba kuchokera kumalekezero a gawo lapansi. Koma iwo akutchedwa nyenyezi m'mphamvu mizere yozungulira. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, chikhalidwe thupi la mlathowu akadali osadziwika.

Komanso, asayansi anapeza mtundu wina wa masango nyenyezi. Iwo yodziwika ndi pakati, ngati nyenyezi mwauzimu, koma alibe manja. Pamaso pa phata limasonyeza psinjika amphamvu, koma magawo ena onse amafanana dongosolo ellipsoidal. masango amatchedwa mandala woboola pakati. Asayansi amati nebulae awa anapanga chifukwa cha imfa ya mwauzimu Way nkhani yake akakufunsani.