Umunthu Mitundu mu Sociology

Mapangidwe munthu - njira yaitali ndi yovuta. Society akusokoneza anthu ena (ndipo m'malo kuyeza) amafuna. Kudzera dongosolo la maphunziro ndi maphunziro, izo amafuna kumanga mtundu umunthu umene umakumana bwino zofuna zake. Mogwirizana ndi izi ndi kutulutsa mitundu ina ya umunthu mu Chaanthu.

Chifukwa zosiyanasiyana makhalidwe cholinga ndi zotengera malingaliridwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya umunthu anapanga anthu. Iwo zimakhudza mbali zosiyanasiyana za kachulukidwe (ntchito chikhalidwe cha anthu) ndi Mkhalidwe (kuganizira zochita akhoza dala kapena lachibadwa, kulenga kapena zowononga). makhalidwe amenewa ofunitsitsa ndi zinthu zokhudza anthu, chikhalidwe ndi phindu normative ake ziphunzitso, komanso kudzikonda kuzindikira, makhalidwe ndi maganizo a anthu.

Umunthu ku mawonedwe za khalidwe la anthu - ndi pachimake, kulumikiza njira maganizo khalidwe la munthu ndiponso aipatsa bata zina ndi Mgwirizano. Pansi, makamaka zokhudza ili pakati umunthu mitundu mu Chaanthu chimafotokozera ziphunzitso zosiyana: psychobiological (W. Sheldon), biosocial (F. Allport, Carl Rogers), psychosocial (Karen Horney, K. Adler) psychostatic ( " chinthu "- D. Eysenck, P Cattell, etc) ....

Mitundu umunthu Social mu Chaanthu limanenedwa ngati mankhwala a intertwining zovuta za zinthu umoyo ndi zachuma, mbiri ndiponso chikhalidwe cha moyo wa anthu.

Mu sayansi chikhalidwe amapereka zosiyanasiyana za umunthu kufanizitsa. Weber analanda mbali kufanizitsa muyezo wa chikhalidwe, ndiko kuti, mlingo wa rationality ake. Marx amaona waukulu Mbali kalasi ndi formational amayanjana. E. Fromm limatchula mitundu umunthu malingana ndi chikhalidwe (monga kuyenera munthu) khalidwe. Malinga ndi mitundu umunthu Fromm zigwire amalabadira (chabe), ndi exploiter, yosungirako ndi khalidwe msika.

Mitundu ya umunthu mu Chaanthu - chitsanzo cha umunthu kuti Chaanthu (komanso sayansi) ntchito monga zitsanzo kwa gulu mu gulu, kuphunzira ndipo analamula anapereka umunthu. mfundo zosiyanasiyana kusiyanitsa abwino konkire mbiri ndi wazotsatira mitundu umunthu.

Chiphunzitso kumadzulo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kufanizitsa zochokera ntchito munthu. Choncho Carl Jung limatchula mitundu pamaziko a tcheru, mentation, ziyenera zambiri, mwachilengedwe, extrovert kapena lathu introvertiveness. Ndi H.Ayzeku makhalidwe waukulu wa anthu ndi mfundo monga introversion, extroversion ndi. Olankhulalankhula yodziwika ndi mtima wokonda kutsogolera mphamvu ya psyche ndi outwards ndi amanyazi - mkati.

Mitundu ya umunthu mu Chaanthu pa siteji pano, anaganiza kuonetsetsa zotsatirazi: traditionalists, idealists frustirovanny moyenera mtundu, hedonists.

Traditionalists kuganizira makhalidwe monga kuti, ntchito, ndi omvera malamulo, chilango. Pankhaniyi, ufulu, kufuna kudziletsa actualization pa pafupifupi kwina. Idealists kukana malamulo miyambo palokha amantha ndi kulemekeza akuluakulu ndipo chimakhala chitukuko kudzikonda. Frustirovanny mtundu wina wa kudziyang'anira, boma maganizo a thanzi ndi kumverera kunja kwa moyo. Moyenera amakonda kudziletsa kuzindikira, ndi udindo ndi ntchito, kudziletsa ndiponso kudziletsa. Hedonists kufunafuna zosangalatsa, makamaka mu mawonekedwe a kukhutitsidwa yosavuta ogula zilakolako.

Ntchito chiphunzitso cha umunthu mu Chaanthu analengedwa ndi oimira structural ndi zinchito malangizo D. Moreno, T. Parsons ndi ena. Ankamuona adzadziwire mwa prism wa zokhuza chikhalidwe chawo pa anthu. Anthu, cholinga nsoka wa ntchito, mogwirizana ndi zomwe pali zosiyanasiyana statuses chikhalidwe ndi udindo wa anthu amene ali pa ubwenzi zinchito.