Hydrolysis lingaliro. N'zosangalatsa kumva makhalidwe a ndondomekoyi: hydrolysis zonse ndi digiri ya hydrolysis

Ndi hydrolysis salt ndi amatanthauza anachita pakati mamolekyulu madzi ndi tinthu wa mchere. Chifukwa cha zimenezi zingachitike anapanga little- pawiri dissociated. ndondomeko angayambe osati ndi mchere, koma mu nkhani ya kukhalapo mu madzi a solutes ena - chakudya, mapuloteni, mafuta, kapena esters. Numerically, zimene zedi awiri ntchito - mlingo wa hydrolysis (β) ndi mchere hydrolysis zonse (K [Ine]).

Zimene kawirikawiri anati kusintha koyamba njira acidity. M'malo mwa zosungunulira organic (madzi) angagwiritsidwe ntchito zosungunulira wa mtundu wina. Komabe, mu nkhani iyi anachita pakati pa zosungunulira ndi mchere amatchedwa solvolysis.

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti nawo hydrolysis salt okhawo amene anachokera ku zigawo zikuluzikulu za zapansi ofooka ndi zidulo. Salt anachokera ku zidulo amphamvu ndi zapansi, ndi hydrolysis anachita si poyera.

Kuti mufotokozere ndondomeko otaya chathunthu, amagwiritsa tanthauzo wapadera - mlingo wa hydrolysis (β). Mlingo wa hydrolysis Mzimuyo ukulu wachibale wa ndende ya maselo kuti hydrolyze (C [hayidiroliki]) ku chiyambi (gwero) ali amchere kusungunuka (C [ref.]). Mwamasamu izi zikhoza anasonyeza mwa anthu aone kuti pali zotsatirazi: β = C [hayidiroliki] / C [ref.].

mmene anachita kumatengera zifukwa zitatu:

- khalidwe la ayoni amapanga mchere;

- mchere ndende ya ayoni;

- njira kutentha.

Mlingo wa hydrolysis amamuchititsa kuonjezera ndi kuchepa kwa dissociation zonse asidi ofooka kapena m'munsi, komanso kuchepetsa mlingo wa ndende mchere ndi kuwonjezeka kutentha.

Zimene zingachitike pa mlingo appreciable yekha mu njira kuchepetsa. Choncho, ngati mtengo wa C [H20] ali kufunika pafupifupi nthawi zonse, ndiye imatheka kuwerengera phindu otumphukira K [Ine] (kapena hydrolysis zonse). Malinga ndi katundu wachibale wa zidulo ndi zapansi imene salt anapanga, hydrolysis kumachitika ndi mmodzi mwa atatu ziwembu, choncho nthawi zonse mchere hydrolysis kuchita masamu mosiyana.

Hydrolysis salt amene anachokera kumadera asidi wamphamvu ndi maziko ofooka (wochedwanso ndondomeko - by cation hydrolysis)

hydrolysis zonse anatsimikiza ndi chilinganizo zotsatirazi: K [Ine] = K [W] / K [m'munsi], kumene K [W] - zotsatira za mankhwala ion madzi (C [H] + C [HA (-)]).

Kuchokera hydrolysis akuti zonse izo Tingaone kuti ndi kuchepa m'munsi mphamvu kuwonjezeka mu mfundo za zokhazikika wa hydrolysis, choncho mlingo wa hydrolysis. Poyankha, mlingo wa hydrolysis amamuchititsa kuonjezera ndi kucheperachepera mphamvu m'munsi ndi digiri ya ndende salt mu njira. Kuwonjezeka anachita kutentha komanso kumawonjezera hydrolysis zokhazikika ndi makhalidwe apamwamba mlingo wa hydrolysis.

Hydrolysis salt kuti ndi ofanana nawo a m'munsi amphamvu ndi asidi ofooka (yemwenso amadziwika ndondomeko - hydrolysis wa anion a)

Hydrolysis zonse kuchita masamu pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo zotsatirazi: K [Ine] = K [W] / K [asidi] kumene mtengo K [asidi] - ndi dissociation mosalekeza asidi ofooka.

Hydrolysis salt kuti ndi ofanana nawo a m'munsi ofooka ndi asidi ndi ofooka (dzina lina - hydrolysis wa cations ndi anions)

Mu nkhani iyi, hydrolysis mfundo zonse kudzayesedwa dissociation zonse m'munsi ofooka ndi asidi ofooka. Iwo masamu ndi chilinganizo zotsatirazi: K [Ine] = K [W] / K [asidi] * K [m'munsi].

kutanthauza hydrolysis

zochita zikuchitika mu ndondomeko hydrolysis chimagwiritsidwa ntchito njira zamakono mafakitale. Mwachitsanzo, ngati anachita ndi ntchito kuyeretsa madzi admixtures zoipa coarsely omwazika colloidal zino. Chifukwa chaichi mpweya wapadera wa hydroxides chitsulo ndi zotayidwa, analandira mwa hydrolysis wa sulphate ferric, mankhwala enaake ferric ndi sulphate zotayidwa.

Hydrolysis - ndi mbali yofunika ya dongosolo la chimbudzi cha zamoyo padziko lapansi. Ambiri mwa mphamvu koyenera kuti kuli lake, awasungira monga adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Kutalikirana kwa mphamvu kumachitika mwa ndondomeko zokhudza hydrolysis wa ATP.