DNA methylation: mwachidule

Methylation ndi kujowina wa munthu carbon ndi atatu haidrojeni maatomu kuti molekyulu wina. zodabwitsazi akuti ndi mawu otsiriza pa zaumoyo. Iye limodzi ndi kukhazikitsa pafupifupi onse ntchito thupi.

ntchito

magulu methyl (mpweya ndi wa hydrogen maatomu) zimakhudzidwa:

1. Yankho thupi mavuto.
2. Development ndi processing wa glutathione. Iwo amachita ngati antioxidant ofunika m'thupi.
3. mahomoni Detoxification, zitsulo ndi mankhwala.
4. Kupsa njira yotupa.
5. Kukonza maselo owonongeka.
6. Timakumana ayankhe ndi lamulo tizilombo ndi matenda, kupanga ulamuliro wa T-maselo.

. Mofanana kwambiri ndi ndondomeko ya DNA methylation. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri.

Epigenetic kulamulira

способствует передаче паттернов следующему поколению клеток при митозе. DNA methylation dongosolo facilitates kulanda m'badwo wotsatira wa maselo mitosis. Ndi posachedwapa, izo wapezeka kuti ndondomeko wokalamulira magulu a maatomu mu nyumba wodwala-kusiyanitsidwa ali mogwirizana ndi mapangidwe kukumbukira ndi synaptic plasticity. K. Miller ndi D. zokoma ankafufuza DNA methylation. Kuphunzira chodabwitsa inatsogolera kuganiza kuti ntchito ya methyltransferase dezoksiribonukleinovokislotnoy kwambiri kuchuluka nyama pa kuloweza zatsopano. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa mawu a majini amene kubisa njira kukumbukira. Komanso, olemba zimaloza ku chinthu chimodzi kwambiri. Ofufuzawa amanena kuti mapuloteni reelin jini kutsegula, kulimbikitsa kusintha ndi kugwirizana synaptic nawo Inde pathological wa akuchita misala amakhudza kukumbukira mapangidwe. Pamene chinthu ichi wabwino demitalazy-michere kupereka DNA demethylation (kumasulidwa ku magulu methyl). Mfundo kumabweretsa mfundo yofunika. , а также обратное ему явление, играют существенную роль при хранении информации и запоминании. DNA methylation monga mmodzi wa zimagwirira epigenetic, komanso osiyanitsidwa chodabwitsa, kusewera ntchito zofunika yosungirako mfundo ndi kukumbukira. lingaliro iri linatsimikizidwa ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku gulu E. Costa. Anapeza kuti demitilirovanie reelin ndi glutamate decarboxylase majini akhoza wabwino mbewa mamolekyulu yaing'ono kuti kusokoneza chomera DNA mu phata la. maphunziro amenewa akusonyeza osati kotheka kusintha maganizo alipo za mapangidwe kukumbukira. является динамическим. Iwo amanena chakuti ankaganizira poyamba okhazikika DNA methylation ndi mphamvu. Komanso angagwiritsidwe ntchito mankhwala.

Features

имеют определенную связь, нельзя назвать новой. lingaliro lakuti kukumbukira ndi DNA methylation kukhala paubwenzi ena, sitinganene kuti latsopano. Iwo unakhazikitsidwa kale conditionality synaptic kufala histone acetylation. Iwo apanga mafupa limene DNA ndi chilonda. Acetylation amachepetsa kuyandikana kwa histone ku zidulo mkati. Zimatipatsa mwayi kuti DNA ndi mapuloteni ena okhudzana, ndi zina zotere yapakati, ndi kutsegula kwa chibadwa. Ndipotu histone ntchito atsetilotransferaznaya CREBBP (kumanga mapuloteni), kumachita monga kiyi manyuroni galamafoniyo Chinthu anali kugwirizana ndi zotsatira za puloteni imeneyi pa kuloweza. Komanso, zinawululidwa amveke khalidwe cholimba kukumbukira pa ntchito zoletsa histone deacetylase. Kunadzetsa ndi mathamangitsidwe wa histone acetylation.

malingaliro

Lokoma ndi Miller anafunsa mafunso otsatirawa ndi kulemekeza histone amadalira yimitsira a dongosolo mawu. ? Ngati ndi udindo mu malamulo kukumbukira, adzatsogolera zotsatira chimodzimodzi ngati DNA methylation? zodabwitsazi chinaoneka makamaka monga njira kukhalabe ntchito pa mitosis ndi nyumba kupanga kachitidwe. Komabe, mu ubongo wa zolengedwa zoyamwitsa kukhwima anati mwamphamvu methylases, ngakhale kuti kwambiri maselo ndi nondividing. Chifukwa chakuti chodabwitsa ankaona kumathandiza kuti yimitsira cha mawu losokonekera, ofufuza analephera kukana kulankhulana Mwina methylase ndi njira zolimbana mwa manyuroni.

afufuze mfundo

этого явления в формировании памяти, обрабатывали срезы гиппокампа ингибиторами дезоксирибонуклеинокислотных метилтрансфераз. Lokoma ndi anzake pofufuza methylation a DNA, tanthauzo la zodabwitsazi mu mapangidwe kukumbukira, magawo hippocampal ankachitira ndi zoletsa dezoksiribonukleinokislotnyh methyltransferases. Anapeza kuti kumathandiza chiyambi cha yaitali potentiation - kulimbitsa kugwirizana synaptic poyankha ntchito okhudza mitsempha. Zimenezi zimayambitsa zotsatira za njira kuphunzira ndi kukumbukira. Asayansi anapeza kuti zoletsa utachepa mlingo wa methylation mu DNA reelin. Zimalosera ku reversibility ake.

zatsopano

Kukambirana kupita patsogolo maphunziro awo, zokoma ndi Miller anayamba kuyan'ana kusintha mu dongosolo methylation mu mbewa mu chitsanzo nyamazi kuphunzira kugwirizanitsa malo enieni ndi zikuchitika zosasangalatsa, makamaka zodabwitsa ofooka. Khalidwe komanso kulandira zoletsa, akufotokoza kuthekera kwa kuphunzira mosavuta. Amapezeka mu mkhalidwe kumene iwo ankayenera kuti akhale ndi mantha, iwo chisanu kwambiri zosakwana nyama kulamulira.

anapezazo

Kodi methylation zingakhudzire kukumbukira mbewa? Asayansi anafotokoza motere. The DNA alipo ambiri mbali kumene kungakhudze magulu kujowina wa hydrogen ndi mpweya maatomu. Pankhani imeneyi, akatswiri anaganiza kutsatira chodabwitsa zotsatirazi. Iwo anaphunzira makamaka methylation imene imachititsa amene udindo mu mapangidwe kukumbukira wakhazikitsidwa kale. Iye anali woyamba adanyamulidwa m'dera limene njira mapuloteni phosphatase kukumbukira ndi kuponderezedwa. utachepa akuti chingachititse azisiyana. Ndithudi, ola limodzi la zowongolera contextual mantha methylation mlingo kuchuluka koposa zana zina. Pankhaniyi, amaudindo mRNA mu hippocampal CA1 dera pansi ndi ofooka, koma powerengera kwambiri kuchepetsa. Amenewa opezeka mu ubongo wa nyama ndi osakaniza zodabwitsa ang'onoang'ono malekezero ndi nkhani ya zachilendo. Payokha, zolimbikitsa izi kupereka mphamvu iliyonse pa methylation. Choncho, magulu kujowina ikuchitika yekha chiphunzitso pano.

DNA methylation ndi ukalamba

Mavuto a zaka ndi maonekedwe a khansa ndi imodzi mwa nkhani zomwe zakambidwa. Kwa zaka zambiri kafukufuku, asayansi amanena zosiyanasiyana mfundo ndi zitsanzo. Komabe, ngakhale lingaliro pa nthawi sakulabadira kwathunthu mafunso onse. Panthawiyi chidwi kwambiri ndi kufunafuna njira ndi kuphunzira okalamba kusintha ntchito mbewu. Makamaka maganizo ake pa nkhani imeneyi anati Professor Anisimov. Ananenanso kuti mawonetseredwe (akuti) imene imachititsa amadalira, mwa zina, ndi methylation, kumene kungakhudze mlingo wa ukalamba. Mpaka 5% ya zatsalira cytosine asidi deoxyribonucleic anali kujowina magulu a carbon ndi wa hydrogen maatomu kupanga 5mTs (5-methylcytosine). m'munsi Izi amawaona kuti zonse yekha mu DNA ya zinthu apamwamba. Kulumikizana magulu kukuchitika m'magawo onse symmetrically. Zotsalira 5mTs nthawi kubisa kumbuyo zatsalira guanine. Mu dongosolo ili ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, nkofunika kuona kuti methylation kumafuna mu lamulo la zochitika mbewu. Kusintha m'kupita kwa magulu kujowina amayamba ndi zolephera mu mlingo wa galamafoniyo.

zifukwa

Age-demethylation anafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1973. kusiyana Izi wapezeka digiri ya kulekana kwa magulu zimakhala khoswe. Mu ubongo, demethylation anapita kumufotokozera kuposa mu chiwindi. Kuti pambuyo pake anatsimikiza 5mTs kuchepa msinkhu mu mapapo, komanso dongosolo fibroblast khungu. Akatswiri ananena kuti zaka demethylation odana maselo kusintha zilonda. zodabwitsazi tingasonyezere mawu osavuta motere. An jini anafooka kunatsagana gulu methyl. Mothandizidwa ndi zochita mankhwala zikuchitika disconnection ake. Choncho, jini ndi adamulowetsa. Gulu amachita ntchito za maatomu lama fuyusi. Zing'onozing'ono nambala maselo zambiri kusiyanitsidwa chotero wamkulu kuposa zambiri - choncho wamng'ono. Chitsanzo chachikulu tingachipeze powerenga chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mabuku, kungachititse chitukuko cha winawake nsomba. A chodabwitsa cha imfa mofulumira kwambiri yomweyo pambuyo spawning. Dzulo komabe anthu achinyamata a msinkhu ubereki kufa pasanapite nthawi. Mu dongosolo zamoyo zodabwitsazi ndi ukalamba, amene anatsagana ndi zikuluzikulu DNA demethylation zolimira.

Kodi kuthandiza thupi?

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana imene kusintha titadziwa DNA methylation. Pakati wotchuka kwambiri titchedwe:

1. Kudya amadyera atsopano. masamba leafy kwambiri analimbikitsa. Iwo amachita monga gwero la kupatsidwa folic acid zofunika kuonetsetsa methylation yoyenera.
2. Mavitamini B12 ndiponso B6, riboflavin. kochokera kwawo ndi mazira, nsomba, amondi, walnuts, katsitsumzukwa ndi zina zotero.
3. Kulandira okwanira kuchuluka kwa nthaka ndi magnesium. Iwo amapereka yokonza methylation.
4. Chikuonetseratu probiotics. Amathandiza kuti kukonzekera ndi mayamwidwe a mavitamini B gulu ndi kupatsidwa folic ndi inu.

M'pofunikanso kuchepetsa nkhawa, kusiya zizolowezi zoipa (mowa, kusuta). Care ayenera kumwedwa kuti thupi sanalandire mankhwala poizoni. mankhwala amenewa amatenga magulu methyl yodzaza chiwindi.