Mitundu ndi Mitundu ya ndakatulo - mwachidule

Ndakatulo mafani zambiri akamafotokoza zimene mtundu wanyimbo monga ndakatulo makamaka. Ndipotu, mitundu ya ntchito zolembalemba, kuphatikizapo lyric, pali lalikulu zosiyanasiyana. Kumvetsa nthawi zina paphewa, koma akatswiri philologists. Apa ndi elegies ndi odes ndi ndakatulo satirical ndi ndakatulo prose - inu dzina izo. Mitundu ambiri a m'nthawi yathu "anachoka" ndi ndakatulo ano pafupifupi konse zimachitika.

Tiyeni tione mwachidule, kodi Mitundu. Monga amadziwika, mitundu lyric zingasiyane kukula (yaing'ono - mavesi sonety, epigrams, odes, etc. lalikulu - .. m'ndakatulomo ballad) ndi mtundu wanyimbo, zili (chikondi ndakatulo, uthenga wochezeka, matamando chachikulu, Zotengera squib ndi zina zotero.). ntchito ndime akhoza mosamalitsa canonized mu mawonekedwe (ndi chiwerengero bwino chimatanthauza mizere kapena mavesi) kapena zinalembedwa mu mawonekedwe free, nthawi zina popanda poona kukula ndi nyimbo ( "woyera" ndime). Komabe, kuganiza za "ufulu wonse" andakatulo Pankhaniyi akusocheretsa - ntchito iliyonse analengedwa ndi malamulo ena.

Choncho, Mitundu yaikulu ya ndakatulo. A ndakatulo tingachipeze powerenga ankaona yaing'ono (mosiyana, mwachitsanzo, ndakatulo) ntchito mabuku ndime. M'zaka za m'ma 19, ndi mawonekedwe ambiri a ndakatulo. Oda - chisoni, limene ntchito, nalemekeza munthu, kapena chinachake, kawirikawiri anachita nyimbo. Mu njira Greek "nyimbo". Elegiya - pansi pa dzina ili mu ndakatulo wakale anamvetsa olembedwa mu mawonekedwe elegiac distiha ndakatulo ina (Western ndakatulo) elegies zitsulo mankhwala otchedwa chikondi-chimatsogoleredwa kusimba chikondi unrequited, zokhumudwitsa, ndi kufooka kukhala.

Ballad - ntchito ndakatulo, ali ndi nkhani zambiri anthu kapena khalidwe mbiri, zambiri pa maziko a nthano. M'Chiarabu nthawi zambiri mwachinsinsi, nthawi zina sombre ochekenera. Nyimbo amatanthauza luso wapakamwa ndi nyimbo. mawonekedwe Nthawi zambiri wapangidwa mavesi kapena couplets. Malinga ndi zomwe zili akhoza kukhala ku m'nyimbo kwa satirical, zikuchokera asangalatsi ndi - payekha kapena kwayara, ndi nyimbo kapena popanda izo. Folk nyimbo akhale katswiri kapena mwina wolemba ndi (mwachitsanzo nyimbo).

Mitundu yambiri ya ndakatulo masiku awa ndi palibepo. uthenga uwu - ntchito yopita kwa munthu winawake kapena zopeka (wotchuka kuchokera kalelo mpaka za m'ma 19), ndi madrigal - ndakatulo, kuthekera, chithandizo, nthawi zambiri mkazi, Apology - ndakatulo moralizing khalidwe.

Bucolic (ubusa) - dzina wamba Mitundu awiri osiyana, zimene zimachizidwa kapena kusokonezedwa - eclogues ndi idylls. Eclogue amaonetsera zithunzi tsiku ndi tsiku kumidzi, dialogues abusa ndi abusa. Idyll limafotokoza nkhani ya moyo wamtendere ndi osasamala panja (zambiri mawu amenewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito Eti). Onse a mitundu izi zinachokera ku Greece ndipo analipo m'zaka za m'ma 19.

Pali Mitundu ya ndakatulo bwino kusasintha, ndi mawonekedwe kuperekedwa kwa ovomerezeka ndi odziwika. sonnet uyu wopangidwa mwa mizere 14 chikukhudza 2 2 quatrains amafananirako (otchedwa quatrains) ndi 2 tercets (T. N. TERCET) ndi 3 kapena 2 nyimbo. Sonnets anaonekera mu Italy m'zaka za m'ma 13 ndipo anali wotchuka kwambiri pa Kubadwa Kwatsopano, zikupezeka mu ndakatulo ya Baroque, romanticism ndi chimakono mbali.

mitundu olimba akhoza ankaona mtundu wanyimbo Rondo. Izi mtundu wa ndakatulo ya mizere 15, ndi 9 ndi mizere 15 ndi nerifmuyuschimsya amapewa akubwereza chiyambi cha mzere woyamba. Kuwonjezera Rondo, mitundu olimba monga triolet, ritornello, zigawo, octave, Siciliana, Rondel.

Nthawi zonse otchuka komanso ndi Mitundu ya ndakatulo azithunzithunzi khalidwe. Ndi nthano - yochepa moralizing ntchito ndi makhalidwe singasiyanitsidwe kumapeto, ngwazi za amene amakhala nyama ndi zilembo fairytale. Epigram -Small satirical ndakatulo, nthawi zambiri zikuchepa akungondinyoza aliyense. Burlesque - mtundu wa mtundu wanyimbo azithunzithunzi.

Mu gulu osiyana tingaone Mitundu ntchito ndakatulo, mwanjira ina zochokera kusintha mitundu kalembedwe kapena chabe kugwiritsa ntchito mawu. Ndi acrostic zilembo koyamba zomwe n'zotheka anagona ndi mawuwo, anatsiklichesky ndime (kuwerenga kuchokera pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto, ndi mosemphanitsa), Burime (vesi ndi nyimbo anakonzeratu), ndi palindrome (limati chimodzimodzi kuyambira kumanja kupita kumanzere ndi mosinthanitsa), etc.