Amene analemba "Mumu"? Nkhani "Mumu" Turgenev

"Mumu" - mmodzi wa wotchuka ntchito za Turgenev. Komabe, sikuti aliyense amadziwa za izo. Ayi, si za bukhu ndi za amene analemba "Mumu". Nkhani operekedwa pansipa tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane monga mankhwala palokha ndipo wolemba wake. Owerenga mudzapeza: Wambiri Turgenev, zili ndi kusanthula Nkhani, komanso tanthauzo la zimenezi.

"Mumu" Author

Iwo likukhalira kuti ngakhale ntchito olemekezeka kukambirana osati aliyense amadziwa amene analemba "Mumu". Aliyense akudziwa Gerasim ndi galu wake aliyense akudziwa zimene zinachitikira otsiriza, ndi uyamiko kwa ndani. Koma si wina aliyense angathe kukumbukira kusukulu, amene analemba "Mumu" - amadziwika ntchito. A nkhani analengedwa ndi wina kuposa Russian wolemba Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev.

Wambiri Turgenev

Komanso zothandiza kudziwa mtundu wa munthu anali mlembi wa "Mumu" nkhani. Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev anabadwa mu mzinda wa Orel, 28 October (kapena November 9) mu 1818 ndipo anamwalira mu Bougival, limene lili pafupi Paris, 22 August (kapena September 3), 1883rd anakhala ndi moyo kwa zaka 64 zonse. Ngakhale malo a imfa yake, wolemba anaikidwa akadali mu Russia, ndicho - mu St. Petersburg mu Volkov manda.

Turgeneva mayi anali wolemera mwinimunda ndi bambo a m'banja zaka mfulu. Komabe, mnyamata yomweyo anamuda serfdom. Pamene Ivan zaka 9, banja lake anasamukira ku Moscow, kumene mnyamata anaphunzitsidwa ndi aphunzitsi mu m'nyumba chiphaso mpaka 1833, mpaka Iye adalowa wina wa dipatimenti Moscow a zolembalemba. Patapita chaka chimodzi, Turgenev anasamukira ku St. Petersburg, kumene anasamukira ku History ndi Philology.

zina zachidule wake woyamba - ndiye ndakatulo - Turgenev anaganiza kusonyeza 1836, yunivesite Pletnev. Patapita zaka ziwiri, mu "Contemporary" lofalitsidwa ntchito awiri ndakatulo wa Ivan Sergeyevich - "Venus Meditsiyskoy" ndi "chakumadzulo."

Pamene mankhwala anachokera kuti?

Turgenev utoto yonena akhoza kukhala yaitali kwambiri, koma ife tikadali chidwi mu makamaka nkhani - "Mumu". Mlembi ali ambiri pa nthawi imeneyo lofalitsidwa ntchito anali pa polemba wake wotchuka in'll kupita. Onse chifukwa chakuti iye analemba ayankhe kuti amagwirizana ndi imfa ya Gogol, amene sanali akuluakulu, umene anachotsa Turgenev kutali. Izo zinali mu April 1852nd.

ntchito retelling

Monga m'munsimu mwachidule apatsidwe "Mumu" kwa anthu amene sanali nkhani kapena waiwala chimene iye anali. Aliyense akukumbukira yekha chofunika: Gerasimos anamira galu wake, koma m'mikhalidwe Palibe munthu uyu adzakhala wokhoza ndikukumbukira osati aliyense. Choncho retelling.

Gerasim - wakukhonda kuva na kulonga munthu, monga wankhondo chifukwa cha kukula kwake koma mphamvu - mwanjira ina anakopeka mbuye wake, ndipo iye anatenga izo naye ntchito pabwalo lake. Ngakhale kusafuna wake, wamba sakanachitira mwina koma kuti amenyane ndi mwinimunda wolemera, analibe ufulu, koma chifukwa posachedwapa anasamukira ku mzinda, kumene ntchito wakhala laling'ono kwambiri. Komabe, yotsirizira yekha sanamve olimbikira munthu amene ali wokonzeka kulima kwa masiku angapo, kuima kokha kugona.

Anthu onse acita mantha Gerasimos chifukwa maonekedwe ake oipa. Komabe, sikuti kuletsa munthu kugwa m'chikondi ndi wokongola wodzichepetsa Mtsikana wina dzina lake Tatiana. Gerasim nthawi anafika wokondedwa, iye anamwetulira ndipo anapanga kakang'ono mphatso zabwino. Ndiyeno anachita mu mtundu, ndi ambiri ankaopa wa Gerasim, monga wina aliyense, ngakhale iye anali mu icho chidwi kwambiri. Mmodzi zinachitika kukwatirana ndi mbuye wa woledzera m'dera - Kapitona Klimova, - kuti amuchotsepo uchidakwa ndi thandizo la chikondi la mkazi. Ndipo iye anasankha moyo wake wokondedwa - ndicho mwamwayi - Tatiana. ukwati posakhalitsa ankaimba, Koma kenako (patapita chaka chimodzi) iye ndi mwamuna wake anachoka mu mzindawu.

Kamodzi Gerasim famba mtsinje ndipo anaona kuti munthu ovutika matope pafupi ndi gombe. Mwamuna wina anayang'ana pafupi ndi anazindikira kuti anali mwana wagalu pang'ono. Gerasim anatenga izo yekha, tinapeza ndi mtsikana wotchedwa Mumu iye, chifukwa palibe aliyense kunena, iye sakanakhoza.

A chaka chonse wakhala galu pa mbuye wake watsopano. Iwo ankakonda mzake amazipanga womangidwa. Mumu wakhala wabwino abwino chikhalidwe galu, wochenjera kwambiri ndipo mwamsanga-witted; iye anasonyeza kuti zonse kulemekeza anthu, koma chikondi chokha Gerasimos. Ndiyeno, ankamusamalira ziri chimodzimodzi monga mayi kwa ana awo.

Tsiku lina, pamene dona unali wabwino, iye anaona galu pabwalo, kuti adatafuna fupa. Iye analamula nthawi yomweyo kupulumutsa psinka, umenenso njira, choyamba amakopeka naye. Mumu anabweretsa kwa chipinda madona, koma osati ntchito zhivotinka mantha zonse, choncho pafupifupi rubles wabweza anakokera dzanja lake mkazi. Pokhumudwa dona, analamula kuchotsa ake ku moyo galu aukali. Pambuyo usiku watha mkaziyo anadandaula kuti wopereka chikho Gavrila kuti Mumu sanalole kugona naye, kodi kwambiri, ali mu bwalo kale galu chimodzi, helo ndi chiweto china? Ndipo analamula dona kuchotsa galu kwa chete.

Anthu anachita ntchito, koma posakhalitsa anafika ku galuyo kwa mwini wake, amene anali ndi malo lenilenilo sapezeka. Ine atadziwa dona uyu, anakwiya kwambiri kuposa kale lonse, kachiwiri analamula kuti lichotse galu. Ndipo Gerasim zambiri kwa nthawi yoyamba anazindikira kuti osati Mumu anali atapita, pamene anali atumiki a moyo galu, anati (unawulula), kuti amuphe iye. Ndithudi, Gerasim anagwira ake kokondeka mtsinje choncho nakufwa.

Pambuyo kanthu sadalole munthu katundu wawo ndipo anachoka mu mzindawu. Donayo anali imfa kukhumudwa ngati ukali kwa atumiki, iwo amati, adakali sanamumvetse ndipo panalibe Pofuna kupha galu. Gerasimos anadzapeza m'mudzi mwake, koma dona sanabwerere izo, ankaona wosathokoza. Ndipo ndinakhala moyo wake wonse munthu m'dziko kwawo. Osati kamodzi iye salinso anamenya mpaka galu konse sakunong'oneza pa akazi okhaokha ntchito mwakhama.

Analysis wa mankhwala

"Mumu" - nkhani osati za mavuto osauka omwe munthu aliyense ali ukapolo kuti muzikachita madongosolo aliyense amachokera "kumwamba", koma kukoma mtima ndi chikondi ndi kuwawa kwa imfa. M'munsimu muli zithunzi za Gerasim ndi madona, komanso mfundo pa nkhani zikuluzikulu, osati adzazunzidwa wowerenga wina.

Chifanizo cha mbuye wake

Sangakhoze kunyalanyaza chachikulu chotsutsa-ngwazi ntchito. Choncho, ndichiyani - dona? Chifukwa izo zimayambitsa owerenga kumverera amphamvu kusakonda?

Choyamba, dona yankhanza. Sizikudziwika ngati iye anali kudziwa za mmene Gerasimos Tatiana, akuti ntchito izi, koma anapatsidwa changu chimene mphekesera gone kulikonse, n'zosavuta ndikulingalira kuti mwina ankadziwa zonse. Komanso, iye anadziwa bwanji kuti amange antchito ake kwa galu, koma anapereka kuti wankhanza.

Kachiwiri, dona wobwezera ndi zoipa. za galu kupha chisankho chake akuti pokhapokha Mumu pafupifupi alumidwa ake. Chifukwa cha ichi, mkazi analamula kuchotsa galu. Si rancor izi? Komanso, dona kunamizira kuti amadandaula chifukwa cha kukuwa ndi. Ndipotu, n'zoonekeratu si kwambiri zinakwiyitsa kukuwa ngati galu yokha.

Chachitatu, dona wodzikonda. Iye ankafuna kukhala naye ku bwalo anali wamakhalidwe olimbikira munthu - anapita naye. Iye ankafuna kuti anthu awiri, osati zabwino wina ndi mzake, anakwatira - chonde. Iye anazindikira kuti mwamunayo anataya chifukwa cha dongosolo lawo - mbapambizira mwa anthu onse a wake osati yekha, nanena kuti sanauze galu kupha. Zitsanzo zambiri, koma zonse zikuonekeratu kuti mbuye nkhawa okha maganizo awo, zokonda zawo, iye sindikusamala za mpumulo.

chithunzi Gerasimos

anali izi wamba okongoletsedwa chiyani?

Choyamba, zabwino ndiponso wamphamvu maganizo odzipereka. Ngakhale kuopsa imaonekera ndipo moguchest kotero mantha anthu owazungulira, Gerasim nthaŵi zonse ngwazi positive. Ndi bwino izo zikusonyeza galu kupulumutsidwa Zomwe zinachitika. luso lake chikondi ndi lodziwikiratu: ndi yabwino kuchuluka kwa nthawi kusamalira Tatiana, koma iye anali kumuopa, ndipo anali kuwakonda kwa Mumu kuposa wina aliyense.

Kachiwiri, chilungamo ndi lotseguka, wokhoza kusunga mawu ake. Tiyeni imasonyezedwa yekha mu nthawi pamene iye pambuyo kulonjezedwa kwa adzawonongedwa galu kwenikweni izo, koma kuweruza ndi anthu onse, onse a iwo anali otsimikiza kuti Gerasim sanamugwiritse Iye mwala. Iwo ali ngati munthu anauzidwa kuti yomweyo munthu anati - ndiyeno kuchichita.

Kachitatu, wolimbikira ntchito amphamvu ndi olimbikira. Kusamukira ku mzinda sanagwirizane nazo poyamba sizinali chifukwa chakuti mzindawu mudzakhala ndi moyo pakati pa anthu, koma chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ntchito yambiri. Gerasim ntchito kugwira ntchito molimbika, kwenikweni, iye ankakonda kuchita izo. China chirichonse, atabwerera kumudzi kwawo, iye anachita kanthu kuti ntchito.

Gerasim Bwanji anatengedwa ndi galu?

Ndithudi anthu ambiri linazizwa potsata kuwerenga funso limeneli. Inde, gawo la owerenga, linanena bungwe n'lodziwikiratu - kutenga galu naye, popeza ndinali mudzachoka mulimonse finicky mbuye. Chifukwa Gerasim anachita zimenezi? Kodi si wasangalala Mumu? Turgenev chabe kuwatonza owerenga? Komabe, si onse mophweka.

Kuyambira mankhwala Gerasimus chinachake asalandidwe. Onse, iye anachita, poyamba mpaka mapeto a mfulu, ndi mlimi, koma atakumana ndi mbuye zonse ndi zambiri zovuta.

Choyamba, kumudzi kwawo. Gerasim akhanfuna, iye ankakonda kulima anayi, anatsala pang'ono kuti asasiye, ngati temberero, izo zonse kukhuta kwathunthu. Komabe, mkubwela kwa latsopano "utsogoleri" anathamangitsidwira kuchoka kumudzi kwawo komwe munthu kwenikweni amagwira.

Kachiwiri, Tatiana. Mtsikana ameneyu si ndinkangokonda Gerasim, iye anali mu chikondi ndi iye. Mwina ndi nthumwi loyamba la theka wokongola wa anthu amene 'lama fuyusi "wathu wolimba mwamuna wamng'ono. Koma mosatsata dona Gerasimos, popereka yosiya prude wa boozer m'deralo.

Kachitatu, yemwe Mumu. Gerasim ake okondedwa m'midzi yambiri ndi Tatiana. Anali kuwakonda kwambiri zhivotinku mwakuti anali wokonzeka iye kwambiri. Koma kodi? Ndiko kulondola, ndi dona mwayi wakumanitsa munthu.

Author ntchito "Mumu" zikusonyeza kuti zonse Gerasim anali womangidwa, ndi zonse zimene ankakonda kwambiri, ndege kupita ku gehena. Ndithudi anazindikira kuti maganizo ake chinachake kapena wina kuti iye osatetezeka. Iye ankadziwa kuti iye sakanati akhale pakati pa amoyo ngati Mumu moyo. Gerasim akhanfuna, ankakonda kwambiri, koma iye sakanakhoza kusiya kunyumba, chifukwa dona kuti sapuma sanaphedwe anamuda galu. Ndi chifukwa ichi palibenso wina anali asanawerengepo anayamba, nchifukwa chake iye salinso powasamalira akazi kumudzi kwawo - sanafune kuti adzathe kumva chikondi, kachiwiri kukhala osatetezeka. Ndizovuta, ndi amphamvu, koma tikanena Gerasim anachita zabwino.

Chikondi - zoipa

Zochokera kumwamba, ndi zimene amakhulupirirazi, anthu ayenera kubwera. Mwina ubwenzi - kwenikweni zoipa. Makamaka pankhani alimi, chifukwa sitingathe kuyiwala za nthawi nkhani linalembedwa, kotero odziwika bwino lero. "Mumu" - ntchito izo zikutsimikizira kuti anthu wamba osauka loopsa kwambiri kuti mwamamatira chinachake kapena wina. Komanso, nthawi zambiri, osati kokha osauka akuvutika.

Kukhala kosavuta kumvetsa, mungapereke chitsanzo ano. Kodi kupanga filimu kumene ana kapena okondedwa ena kutenga Anagwiranso dipo kapena ntchito zina zofunika iliyonse? Ambirimbiri. Ndipo onse a iwo mwangwiro bwanji kuti anthu omwe si ndamangirizidwa - mkazi, mwana kapena nyama - izo zimapangitsa wofooka, osatetezeka, chitetezo ku nkhope ya ena. Anthu amene alibe munthu, amphamvu kuposa ena mwa mawu abwino. Iwo ali ndi zofooka, iwo Palibe vuto.

Komabe, sakhoza kudzikana kufunika kwa okondedwa mu miyoyo yathu. Popanda wina adzakhala sasangalala, kopanda ndi zovuta. Komabe, ngati munthu amagwira ntchito pa anthu oopsa akhoza kuchita choyipa chifukwa cha zochita zawo ndi kugwirizana awo, muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri chikondi chanu.

Turgenev ndi "Mumu"

Masiku ano, pafupifupi aliyense amadziwa mankhwala. Komabe, nthawi zambiri dzina ndi kuitana fib anawonjezera kuti, "Gerasim ndi Mumu." Mlembi, ngakhale chotero ochepa masamba, mwangwiro amapereka kudana ake serfdom, anasonyeza odzikonda eccentric mbuye kukhonda kugonjera "mabwana" m'mphawi. Komabe, anthu masiku ano ngati ntchito kokha chifukwa zimachititsa kuti tiyeni misozi.

Inde, anthu ambiri akuphunzira nkhani "Mumu" Turgenev kusukulu akulira bwino m'kalasi chifukwa cha kudzimvera chisoni wa galu aliyense wosalakwa. Kodi ndi Izitu n'zovutitsa la tsoka - pitomitsy wake Gerasim Spas ku mtsinje, ndipo mu malo omwewo ndi kuphedwa. Mokangamiza kukaona sankadziwa kuti tsogolo la yothawira. Mu nkhani imeneyi, zikuoneka, Mumu akadzafera mu madzi, ndi kupulumutsidwa koyamba kokha kulepheletsa imfa.

Pomaliza

Kotero, tsopano inu mukudziwa amene analemba "Mumu", chomwe ndi wolemba kuyika mu ntchito yake. Kumene, n'zotheka kuti izo zinali zosiyana, ndipo tanthauzo la zinthu zinasintha ndithu, koma Baibulo ali ndi ufulu kulibe. "Mumu" Turgenev analemba, atakhala mu ndende, mu ukapolo, ndi nkhani ya iye walandira zogwirizana - olemedwa, lalikulu ndi wosaiwalika.