M'munsi ofooka ndi asidi salt ndi hydrolysis

Kumvetsa mmene atuluka salt hydrolysis mu njira zawo amadzimadzi, kuyamba tanthauzo la ndondomeko pano.

Tanthauzo makamaka hydrolysis

pochita zimenezi zotsatira mankhwala ayoni madzi ndi ayoni mchere anapanga chifukwa cha m'munsi ofooka (kapena acid) ndi kusintha anachita sing'anga. mchere aliyense akhoza ankayimiridwa ngati mankhwala a mogwirizana mankhwala pakati m'munsi ndi chidulo. Kutengera ndi mphamvu awo anapeza angapo mitundu ya otaya ndondomeko.

mitundu ya hydrolysis

Mu umagwirira ankaona mitundu itatu anachita pakati pa cations ndi madzi amchere. Aliyense ndondomeko ikuchitika ndi kusintha pH Choncho amaganiza kuti ntchito kudziŵa index wa hydrogen osiyanasiyana zizindikiro. Mwachitsanzo, acidic sing'anga ntchito wofiirira litmus kwa phenolphthalein zamchere ndi abwino. Pendani zambiri hydrolysis makhalidwe a lililonse chimake. zapansi amphamvu ndi ofooka zingadziŵike ndi solubility pa tebulo, ndi mphamvu asidi wapezeka ndi gome.

Hydrolysis wa cation ndi

Mwachitsanzo umenewu mchere Taganizirani mankhwala enaake ferric (2). chitsulo hydroxide (2) - m'munsi ofooka ndi asidi wamphamvu ndi hydrochloric acid. Pa anachita ndi madzi (hydrolysis) aumbike kwa mchere zofunika (ferric hydroxychloride 2) acid amathiridwa anapanga. Zikuoneka mu njira m'maderawo kudziwa ntchito yake zotheka buluu litmus (pH zosakwana 7). Choncho anatentha ndi hydrolysis wa cation, monga m'munsi ofooka ntchito.

Chitsanzo china cha hydrolysis anafotokoza choncho. Taganizirani mankhwala enaake a mankhwala enaake mchere. Mankhwala enaake a hydroxide - ndi ofooka m'munsi ndi hydrochloric acid - amphamvu. Mu ndondomeko ya ntchito mogwirizana ndi tinthu madzi mankhwala enaake a mankhwala enaake ndi n'kukhala ndi mchere zofunika (hydroxychloride). Mankhwala enaake a hydroxide, amene chilinganizo ambiri ankayimiridwa ngati M (o) _2, pang'ono sungunuka m'madzi, koma apatsa wamphamvu hydrochloric asidi njira, malo acidic.

The hydrolysis wa anion ndi

A chimake zina wofanana ndi hydrolysis wa mchere umene aumbike mwa maziko amphamvu (soda) acid ofooka. Monga chitsanzo kwa Pankhaniyi tikulingalira carbonate ndi sodium.

mchere uyu ali ndi amphamvu ndi sodium m'munsi, ndi ofooka asidi carbonic. Mogwirizana ndi tinthu madzi chimaposa ndi mapangidwe mchere ndi asidi - ndi sodium carbonate, i.e. ndi hydrolysis ndi anion. Ndiponso, kupangidwa mu njira ya hydroxide sodium, amene amapereka njira ya chilengedwe ndi zamchere.

Chitsanzo china pa nkhaniyi. Potaziyamu sulfite - mchere, amene anapanga ndi amphamvu m'munsi - hydroxide potassium ndi ofooka asidi sulfurous. Mu ndondomeko ya ntchito mogwirizana ndi madzi (chifukwa hydrolysis) aumbike hydrogensulfite potaziyamu (asidi mchere) ndi hydroxide potaziyamu (soda). Lachitatu mu njira ndi zamchere, akhoza anatsimikizira ntchito phenolphthalein.

hydrolysis wathunthu

Mchere asidi ofooka ndi ofooka m'munsi amaloŵamo hydrolysis wathunthu. Yesani kupeza chomwe mbali yake, ndipo kodi mankhwala anapanga chifukwa cha mankhwala anachita.

Santhulani hydrolysis wa m'munsi ofooka ndi asidi ofooka Chitsanzo sulfide zotayidwa. Izi anapanga zotayidwa hydroxide mchere umene ndi ofooka m'munsi acid ndi ofooka, sulfide wa hydrogen. Ndi kulabadira ndi madzi anati hydrolysis wathunthu, chifukwa mu mapangidwe a hydrogen sulfide gasi, komanso zotayidwa hydroxide precipitate. mogwirizana amenewa amapezeka ndi cation ndi anion Choncho, hydrolysis amenewa amaona wathunthu.

Komanso mu ankachita labwino la mtundu uwu ndi madzi mchere kungachititse mankhwala enaake a sulfide. Monga mbali ya mchere ndi mankhwala enaake a hydroxide, izo chilinganizo - mg (o) 2. Izi m'munsi ofooka, insoluble m'madzi. Komanso pali asidi hydrosulphuric, amene ali ofooka mankhwala enaake a sulfide. Ndi kulabadira ndi madzi akutenga malo amphumphu hydrolysis (kwa cation ndi anion), kupanga mankhwala enaake a hydroxide precipitate ndi wa hydrogen sulfide anamasulidwa mu mawonekedwe a mafuta.

Ngati tikulingalira hydrolysis mchere umene unakhazikitsidwa ndi asidi amphamvu ndi olimba m'munsi, tisaiwale kuti si kutayikira. Sing'anga mu njira ya mchere monga enaake, ndi sodium nitrate, potaziyamu, akhala ndale.

Pomaliza

Amphamvu ndi ofooka zapansi, salt asidi amene anapanga, bwanji chifukwa sing'anga hydrolysis anachita mu njira chifukwa. njira oterowo inafalitsidwa mu chirengedwe.

Hydrolysis kwambiri makamaka mankhwala kusintha kwa matanthwe a pansi padziko. Lili zitsulo sulfides, pang'ono sungunuka m'madzi. Monga hydrolysis awo amapezeka mapangidwe sulfide wa hydrogen, mpweya wake pa ntchito chiphala padziko lapansi.

miyala silicate mu hydroxides kusintha pa, unkawononga mwapang'onopang'ono thanthwe. Mwachitsanzo, monga Malachite mchere, ndi mankhwala a carbonates hydrolysis mkuwa.

Tima hydrolysis ndondomeko komanso chikuchitika mu nyanja. Haidrojeni carbonates ya magnesium ndi calcium, amene anatengedwa kuchokera mmadzi, ndi sing'anga pang'ono zamchere. Zikatero, ndondomeko yabwino ya dzuwa chikuchitika mu zomera za m'madzi, zamoyo m'madzi zikukwaniritsidwa intensively.

mafuta ali zosafunika wa madzi ndi calcium ndi magnesium salt. Mu ndondomeko ya Kutentha mafuta, ndi zikuyendera mogwirizana ndi nthunzi. Pa hydrolysis ndi, mankhwala enaake a hydrogen aumbike, zomwe, zimene anachita ndi chitsulo kumachitika zida chiwonongeko.