Chilumba cha Hogland. Kuzilumba za Gulf of Finland

Gulf wa Finland mu St. Petersburg, ngakhale choletsa kunja ndipo ngakhale "ozizira" ali zambiri malo chodabwitsa, wodzazidwa ndi okongola ndi mbiri modabwitsa. Mmodzi wa ngale ya - Hogland - waukulu chilumba m'dera Leningrad. Aliyense amene anapita Hogland, kulankhula za izo monga dziko la otchuka ndi wapadera.

etymology

Swedish dzina Hogland chilumba anamasuliridwa kuti "pokwera." Inde, pali ndi mkulu mapiri, nkhalango, miyala gombe, kusiya pafupifupi vertically mu madzi. Malo lonse ndi khalidwe la kum'mawa Fennoscandia. The Finns amatchedwanso kwa nthawi makedzana chilumba cha Suur-Saari, pomasulira - ndi "Great Land."

miyeso

Hogland Island - waukulu mu madzi Russian ya Gulf of Finland. Malowa ali pamtunda wa makilomita 10 kum'mawa kwa Russian apanyanja kumalire ndi Finland. North kuti Kum'mwera lidakali pafupifupi 11 Km, ndipo m'lifupi ndi kuchokera 1.5 kuti 3 Km. Dera lonse la chilumbacho - 20,65 Km ^2.

malo

Zinaoneka ngati bwinja chidutswa cha dziko yabwino choncho yofunika njira malo. Kumanja, ili makilomita 180 wa St. Petersburg, ndi Gulf wa Finland ndi Kronstadt linga, ndi lalikulu Russian madoko (Primorsk, Vysotsk, Vyborg, Ayenela-Luga). Kumanzere - Finland ndi Estonia.

Chilumba ukugawa kumadzulo, zambiri kwambiri ndi mchere Gulf wa Finland, kuyambira kum'mawa gawo - ndi zapamtundu ndi atsopano. Ndondomeko Hrs wa chisumbucho:

• 60ᵒ01 '- 60ᵒ06' m. yakumadzulo.
• 26ᵒ56 '- 27ᵒ00' mu. d.

Yapafupi Chifinishi m'tauni ya Kotka ili 43 Km kumpoto chakumadzulo. Kum'mwera kwa gombe la Estonia ya Gulf ndi pafupifupi 55 kuchokera kutali, ndipo chilumba cha Great Tyuters - kum'mwera chakum'mawa, pa mtunda wa makilomita 18,5 kuchokera kum'mwera Cape. Mtunda mu mzere wolunjika kwa Ayenela-Luga - 85 Km.

Kuzilumba za Gulf of Finland: Hogland

Mpumulo wa chisumbucho kwambiri kuligaŵa, okwera mtheradi osiyanasiyana monga 108 mamita kumpoto gawo (Poheyskorkia phiri) kuti 175,7 mamita kum'mwera (Lounatkorkia phiri). Nthawi zambiri pali ovuta miyala mpaka mamita 10 kapena kuposa, kutalika pazipita (50-70 m) akamafika otsetsereka kumadzulo kwa mapiri ndi Myakiinpyayallyus Haukkavuori.

Pamodzi m'malire kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo ndi coves ang'ono ndi zilumba zingapo yaing'ono. Pagombe makamaka miyala, kumalo a - ndi boulders nsangalabwi, ndipo okha Bay Suurkyulyanlahti - woyera mchenga gombe. Izi otsekedwa ndi yabwino zombo Bay lili kumpoto, kum'mawa kwa chilumbachi. Iwo zimatetezedwa ndi Mfuko ndi njira ali akuya 4.2 mamita pa polowera, pa khomo m'lifupi 90 m. South Bay ili Suurkyulyanlahti akale Chifinishi manda.

Lighthouses

Pachilumbachi pali awiri nyumba. North Hogland nyumba, yomwe ili pamwamba pa phiri Poheyskorkia anamanga pansi Peter Wamkulu mu 1723. Kumwera Hogland anakhazikitsidwa mu 1905 ndi lamulo la Nicholas II. Kuyambira 2006 ntchito siteshoni kutali kutsatira ngalawa, anamanga pafupi ndi South yowunikira. Yekha wamchenga umadutsa chilumba chonse, kulumikiza nyumba ziwiri.

ntchito sayansi

Gulf wa Finland kwa sayansi ndi wapadera zachilengedwe choyezera, kumene, ngakhale kuti yogwira ntchito anthu, topezeka kudera lili mtundu wapachiyambi. Zovuta zachilengedwe Maulendo Institute Tizilombo Research wa Petersburg State University St. phunziro la zilumba za gawo Russian ya Gulf of Finland, kuphatikizapo chilumba cha Hogland, pachaka kuyambira mu 1991 mpaka 1995 pa kanthu ndipo ndi nawo mwachindunji kwa Director of D. V. Osipova.

Ndiye iwo anapitiriza 2003-2004 mu chimango cha ntchito olowa BiNII ndi Chifinishi Environment Institute (TSOSF). Mu 2004 kuphunzira analandira thandizo la ndalama kwa Fund a dera Leningrad Environmental. Geological kufufuza za chilumba inayamba mu 2001 ndipo anapitiriza 2003-2004. Sungani zipangizo kufotokoza zomera anagwirizira Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences Botanical mu 1994-1998 ndi 2004-2006. Nkhani anasonkhanitsa amaloledwa kupanga botanical, Zoological ndi miyala mapu a dera, ndipo younikira kusintha chikhalidwe pamaziko a kale analandira deta.

The UNESCO mbendera

Hogland Island si kukopa achilengedwe. Mu 1826 pachilumba cha German-Russian zakuthambo, mkulu wa Pulkovo Observatory V. Ya. Struve anayambitsa item wapadera mbali ya polojekiti ndi wofuna kudziwa kukula ndi mawonekedwe a Dziko Lapansi. Otchedwa "Struve Geodetic Arc" motsatizana ku gombe la nyanja ya Arctic kwa Danube, anazindikira mwa UNESCO monga World Heritage Site.

Malinga m'kaundula, zinthu ziwiri - "mfundo Z» ndi «Myakipyallyus Ndime" (mutu wa dzina lomweli mwala) - imakonzedwa pa akumidzi ili ku gawo gombe dziko. Apa Victor Ya kuonera kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino ndi azimuths, anapereka wapatali deta zakuthambo. Izi zikutsimikizira kufunika ndi Gulf wa Finland.

Mu St. Petersburg kunalinso msonkhano wodzipereka kwa zinthu "Struve Arc". Pa ulendo wapadera ananditumiza ku chilumbachi, chimene akuti boma lenileni la chinthu UNESCO. Kuti azikumbukira wotchuka ndi awiri zakuthambo chizindikiro anaika. The choyamba - pa phiri Myakiinpyayallyus. Ndi chikumbutso zolengeza mawu akuti "mfundo geodetic Myakiinpyayallyus anakhazikitsidwa mu 1826. Q. Ine Struve. Pamaso Ismail 841.657 toise kuti Gammerfasta 660130 toise. Muyeso loyamba Arc meridian mu Russia kuchokera 1816 mpaka 1855. ".

Suurkyulyanlahti pafupi Bay, mu nkhalango, pa mphanda mwa msewu wopita ku North chabwino, anamangapo chipilala wina amenenso wodzipereka ku muyeso wa meridian V. Ya. Struve. Izi chizindikiro zakuthambo "Hogland Z» wakhala anaika mwa ogwira ntchito za Pulkovo Observatory.

sewero mbiri

Kuzilumba za Gulf of Finland litadzala ndi anthu kuyambira kale kwambiri. koyamba katswiri Sami. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi zinthu zopatulika pa nsonga ya mapiri - miyala, zipewa, Sadie, "guwa", chokhala malo kulambira Saami wa Kola Peninsula.

M'tsogolo mbiri lowonekeratu Hogland anali gawo la Sweden. Nthano kuti makolo a kutali pachilumbachi anali achifwamba komanso ozembetsa. Nthano zimenezi ndi yomveka ndithu, popeza chisumbu ili pafupi ndi njira malonda kwambiri ndi malo miyala ndi malo zodabwitsa buccaneers, katundu zombo amene anabwera kuchokera kumadzulo mu Neva ndipo Novgorod.

Pakuti Russia chilumba anachoka mu 1743 pambuyo mapeto a pangano mtendere ndi Sweden. Mu July 1788 pa Hogland anali nkhondo panyanja pakati pa Russian ndi Swedish fleets, lotchedwa Nkhondo ya Hogland. Izo zinatha ndi chigonjetso cha zombo Russian, zomwe zinachititsa Russia anagwirizana umwini wake wa chisumbucho.

m'manda a zombo

Hogland Island lili kutsidya la Gulf wa Finland, mu mitima ya izo, pafupi kale msonkhano tikuyamba njira nyanja. A ambiri sitima zankhondo ndipo pamwamba miyala anali chifukwa cha ngozi kawirikawiri gombe la Hogland. Pokumbukira m'nthawi yake kusunga mbiri ya imfa Russian atatu masted chilikupita ngalawa "America" kumene kunachitika October usiku mu 1856. chotengeracho yodzaza ndi mitengo ndi chitsulo Tallinn, koma kamodzi mu mkuntho gombe kumpoto kum'mawa, anagunda thanthwe ndi kumira pafupi North yowunikira. Pa manda pafupi m'mudzi Suurkyulya kuwona manda ziwiri zimene alonda 2 ndi oyendetsa 34 kuchokera m`chombo linasweka anakwiriridwa "America". Mu 1999, zotsalira za wamphepo wina olowa anapezeka ndi mamembala a kalabu Estonia "Ichthyander" Maahelli Bay kuchokera kugombe la kumadzulo kwa chilumbachi.

Kubadwa kwa wailesi

Zoonadi chilengedwe kutchuka chilumba anabweretsa umboni A. S. Popova, pamene kumapeto kwa January 1900 unkakhazikitsidwa kulankhulana pakati pa wanthambo opanda zingwe ndi chilumba Chifinishi a Hogland Kutsalo pafupi Kotka. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti chifukwa kudziyesa wailesi anali chinawonongeka sitimayo. Ankadikira "General-asilikali Apraksin" paulendo wopita kwa Kronstadt yozizira mu Liepaja doko, November 13, 1899 kugunda thanthwe adalowetsedwa ku gombe kum'mwera kum'mawa.

Chotsani izo mu cimwala pansi pa isanayambike yozizira nyengo ndi mapangidwe mofulumira ayezi gombe la chilumba sikunali kotheka. Kwa gulu la ntchito yopulumutsa anali kukhazikitsa kulankhulana yosalala ndi kuthetsa yapafupi, umene unali mzinda wa Kotka, ndipo mu izo - ndi St. Petersburg. Patapita kufuna zaonongeka kukhazikitsa woyamba wailesi kugwirizana January 24 ndi Lounatkorkia phiri (tsopano wotchedwa Volcano Popov) potsiriza bwino uthenga wailesi woyamba opatsirana. Pokumbukira chochitika ichi pa malo oyamba chopatsilira anaika Pamwalawo ndi chipilala kuti A. S. Popovu.

XX atumwi

Popeza 1917, pamene Republic of Finland ufulu wodzilamulira, chisumbu cha Hogland anapita ku Finland. Panali awiri Chifinishi m'midzi - Suurkyulya (kutanthauziridwa monga Big Village) ndi Kiiskinkyulya (Ershov kumudzi), ndi anthu pafupifupi anthu zikwi, makamaka zikugwira nsomba ndi chisindikizo kusaka. Motero malinga, pachilumba cha anthu 896 moyo wogwirizana ndi 1929 kalembera. Maziko yolimba pa nyumba, mwala makoma, chitakonzedwa munda - umboni wa moyo wakale mtendere pa chilumbachi anakhalabe pa malo a m'midzi kale. Titamaliza nkhondo Soviet-Chifinishi za mawu a pangano mtendere (1940) Hogland kunditumiza ku Soviet Union.

Zochitika inachitika ku chilumba panthawi ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Mu August, 1941 zombo, pa bolodi amene anali othawa - ana, akazi, anayesa kuthyola kuchokera anazinga Tallinn kuti Kronstadt, koma adaonongedwa ndi ndege German. Oyendetsa detachment ngalawa pansi asilikali IG Svetova analanditsa anthu oposa 12 zikwi anali mu madzi. Pansi chifuniro cha asilikali anaikidwa m'manda mu 1983 pa gombe la Suurkyulyanlahti Bay pafupi ndi manda a asilikali wagwa. Pa malo awa inamangidwa ndi obelisk.

Pa Great kukonda dziko lako Gulf wa Finland anakhala poonekera ya nkhondoyo Soviet-German. nkhondo aukali zinkachitikira pakati pa asilikali a Soviet, Chifinishi ndi German pa Hogland. Chipilala asilikali wagwa wokalamba matabwa mtanda anaika pa nyanja Liivalahdenyarvi.

zikuchitika

Mu zaka unawonongedwa pa chisumbu zinalengedwa malinga, kufalitsidwa wamphamvu Rada chitetezo posachedwapa ankaiphwasula. Tsopano pano pali waung'ono malire positi ndi antchito moyo navigation utumiki kutumikira lighthouses, komanso ogwira ntchito siteshoni nyengo, ntchito pa chisumbu kuyambira cha m'ma XIX atumwi.

Hogland utsogoleri mbali ya District Kingisepp, (Gulf wa Finland, Leningrad dera). Mu Bay ndi Suurkyulyanlahti osauka pakati alendo. Anamanga yosanjikizana hotelo euroclass kale kulandira alendo. Choncho, kuchokera kunja zilumba za ku Russian Kupititsa madzi malire Hogland pang'ono ndi pang'ono kutembenukira mu alendo Mecca a kum'mawa Baltic.