Museum "Kronstadt Linga" St. Petersburg: kufotokoza, mwachidule, mbiri ndi chidwi mfundo

Mu 1723, ndi lamulo la Peter Ine pafupi St. Petersburg, pa Kotlin Island, linga adayikapo. ntchito yake zachitika yoyendetsa asilikali AP Hannibal (France). Izo zinakonzedwa kuti nyumbayo adzakhala zopanda bastions angapo ogwirizana ndi makoma mwala.

mzinda Kronstadt

mzinda uno lodziwika bwino ili pa chilumba cha Kotlin ndi ozungulira zilumba yaing'ono ya Gulf of Finland. Ndi boma yekha wa Kronstadt chigawo cha St. Petersburg. anthu a mumzindawo ndi anthu oposa makumi atatu zikwi.

Kwa nthawi yaitali (1995) mzinda chinatsekedwa. Mu 1996, boma la dzikoli, anaganiza pa kulowa ufulu pano Russian nzika komanso ochokera kwina. Mwa njira, alendo amakonda kukaona malo awa. Ndithudi, mzinda laling'ono ali zokopa ambiri - matchalitchi ambiri aang'ono osungirako zinthu zakale ndi ziboliboli, zipilala kwa anthu otchuka.

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti mzinda wa akachisi - si malo a chipembedzo, ali ndi Atetezi kwa zakale kwambiri zokhudza mbiri ya zombo Russian. Alendo ambiri amakopeka ndi zinthu zochititsa chidwi mzindawo. Iwo palokha ndi Echo a masiku akale. Mmodzi wa anthu otchuka ambiri a iwo mu dziko lathu - ". Krondshtadskaya linga" Museum Pa ife tinena zambiri lero.

Kronstadt mbiri linga

Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 1724 asilikali P. I. Sivers anatsogolera ntchito yomanga mpanda wolimba kwambiri. Mu dera la kumadzulo kwa bastions asanu amene dzina lake polemekeza kusandulika, Butyrskaya, Semenov, Ingrian, sitima ndi Lefortovo regiments zinamangidwa. Dothi embankments, amene anagwira ntchito yomanga pa kumtunda yotengedwa pamanja. Tinanyamula pa m'munsi lonse mpanda ntchito. khoma, anaika mfuti inamangidwa, nsanja anamanga m'misasa etc. Mu kum'mawa kwa linga la zinakonzedwa kumanga bastions awiri, ndi kumpoto - .. anayi.

Pansi Peter Ine, Dongosolo ili linali sadatsatire, ndi Peter II wakhala wosalira mpanda wolimba. Mu 1732, mphepo yamkuntho amphamvu anawononga kulimbitsa dera la kumadzulo. Bwezerani nyumba zowonongeka mchitidwe anali kwa zaka zingapo. kumanga chakumpoto kwa mpanda wolimba inamalizidwa mu 1734 Mu. Kronstadt linga anali mu zonse nkhondowo okonzeka chifukwa cha mantha kuti nthawi imeneyi imene asilikali a Sweden. Nkhondo ndi France mu 1805 ndi 1806 a Turkey ananena kuti m'pofunika kulimbikitsa makoma. Ichi chidachitika kuti Kronstadt linga akhoza kulimbana ndi lawi lotseguka.

Pambuyo kugonjetsa French mu 1812, kenako anayamba moyo wamtendere. Komabe, kukana zonse zam'mwamba anapanga nthawi zonse kusintha chitetezo matabwa kuti atetezedwe Nyumbayi. Kronstadt mu 1824 chinaperekedwa ku madzi osefukira choopsa. Zotsatira zake zinali kuwononga kwambiri nkhondo mfuti zinawonongedwa malinga, yagwa ena a nyumba.

Kronstadt linga linakhalanso zaka zoposa sikisi. Iwo anali kwathunthu anamanganso mpanda. m'chipindacho awiri ndi Ufumuyo mwala polubashnyami anaonekera mu dera la kumadzulo. Atatu polubashni kwambiri (osakwatira gawo) anali anamangidwira kumpoto. Nawa anayi m'chipindacho kumbuyo zida. Kum'mawa inamangidwa ndi chidwi linga khoma ndi dothi chiunda chomenyerapo nkhondo. Pa chiyambi cha m'ma XIX kaboma inkakhala asilikali oposa khumi zikwi, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mipando zikwi makumi atatu pambuyo kukhazikitsanso m'chipindacho Fund.

Castle lero

Mu zaka za nkhondo kwambiri m'mbiri anthu mu Kronstadt anatenga chiyambi chake njira yolumikiza ndi kuzungulira Leningrad ndi dziko. Lero, zotsalira za chitetezo cha nthawi amapezeka. Today Kronstadt linga makoma mu malo awo kuyendetsa sitima zapamadzi sukulu ya Navy (kumbuyo m'chipindacho), sitima Cadet Corps. Ena a m'chipindacho tiri Navy utumiki. damu zodzitetezera batire No. 1-7, polubashni №1-3, №1-5 kumbuyo m'chipindacho ndi mbiri ndi mapulani zipilala kuti ndiotetezedwa ndi boma.

Monga m'nyumbayi anachokera kuti?

Pa chiyambi cha October 1953 kufotokoza zoyenera mbiri ya mzinda lodziwika bwino linatsegulidwa pamaziko a sitimayo Club. Kuyambira ukhanda Museum. Kumayambiriro a 1973 inasanduka nthambi ya ku Central Maritime Museum mumzindawo. Part kukhudzana wake pambuyo moto Nyanja Club wakhala mongoyembekezera anasamukira ku nyumba ya Naval Cathedral. Izo ziyenera kuti chionetserocho anakopeka anthu kwambiri chidwi ndi alendo. Museum "Kronstadt Linga" (St. Petersburg) anatsegula zitseko zake kwa anthu mu May 1980, madzulo a tsiku Chigonjetso. Lero ndi wotchuka kwambiri ndipo ambiri anapita zokopa.

St. Petersburg. Museum "Kronstadt linga": kufotokoza

Choyamba tisaiwale kuti owonera zakale wapadera analengedwa ndi nawo yogwira okhala zamakolo za anthu a mumzindawo. Iwo chidwi ndi chodabwitsa kukhalabe ndi akupitiriza mbiri ya Kronstadt. Local anapereka zinthu akale banja, mbiri yakale, zithunzi, kusungidwa yachokera banja ngati zotsalira mtengo.

Masiku ano, Museum "Kronstadt Linga" St. Petersburg ali ndi thumba lapadera zosonkhanitsira, ndi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho zoposa zikwi zisanu ndi ziwiri. Amakhala ndi zipinda zisanu ndi malo okwana pafupifupi mazana asanu mamita lalikulu lomwe lili zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho amene amasonyeza mbiri ya mzinda ndi ya Baltic zombo. Komanso, pali dioramas awiri, amene molondola kwambiri zikusonyeza awiri zochitika zofunika kwambiri usilikali.

Dioramas

Mmodzi wa iwo limatiuza za kugonjetsedwa kwa asilikali Swedish mu 1705 pachilumba cha Kotlin. Pakati munakwanisa kuona atsogoleri regimental wa asilikali Russian: Gamontova ndi Mikeshina ndi msilikali Tolbukhina. Kumanja ndi ngalande, ndipo pomaliza asilikali ndi magazi. Chapansipansi chikuoneka mbendera ofiira omwe amam'dziŵitsa chiyambi cha nkhondoyi. The diorama chachiwiri amatanthauza zochitika za 1941, pamene Kronstadt alimba mtima atetezera kwa adani.

kukhudzana

Akutanthauza cha nyumbayi akhoza kugawidwa mu magawo anayi mbiri. Mmodzi wa iwo limafotokoza nkhani ya maziko a mzinda ndi linakhalapo pamaso pa October kuukira boma. Gawo lachiwiri limanena za zochitika zokhudza nthawi kuchokera 1917 mpaka 1939. Panthawi imeneyi, kunali munthu wa kupanduka lalikulu m'mbiri ya Russia, kumene kunachitika pansi pa chiphiphiritso "Mphamvu Russia, osati zipani." Chifukwa, chilango sadalole yekha opandukawo komanso pafupifupi anthu onse a mumzindawo. Zikwi ziwiri anthu anawomberedwa. Sikisi a zikwi za anthu akhala m'ndende. Mu 1922, anthu anayamba kuthamangitsidwa m'dziko kwawo. Okumbukira anthu onse okhudzidwa ndi vutoli analenga manda misa, amene nthawi zonse wosatha lawi amayaka.

Alendo kenako kufufuza zotsatirazi nthawi zakale, kuphimba mwina nthawi koipa mu Mbiri yamakono ya dziko lathu - Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Pa shelling wa German Air Force Luftwaffe (1941), mzinda pafupifupi ataphwasula pansi. Iwo anali kumizidwa zombo zambiri, nyumba mabomba anawononga sitima Yard. Atazungulira Nazi asilikali mzinda anakhala opanda chakudya. Kudzera Kronstadt pa nkhondo anatenga "Small njira ya moyo", umene zogwirizana ndi nkhandwe mphuno ndi Orienbaumom.

gawo lina mbiri amasonyeza moyo chi wa mzinda lodziwika bwino, komanso nkhani ya kuchira nkhondo itatha. Mwa ndalama zofunikira kwambiri nyumbayi tisaiwale akuguba pachifuwa Decembrist ndi wolemba Di Zavalishin, chidutswa cha ngalande kuti zinasungidwa m'zaka za m'ma XIX, makinawa a asilikali M. P. Lazarevu, wapadera chithunzi Album panyanja doko la Kronstadt.

Lero, m'nyumbayi ali chionetsero chidwi "History of ngozi." Pano mukhoza kupeza zinthu zimene anaukitsidwa ndi ngozi panthawi zosiyanasiyana mu Gulf.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Pakati pa forts wa Kronstadt anga zida zankhondo pamalo inamangidwa 1854 (yekha nthawi mu dziko). M'nthawi anakumbukira kuti ndi pamaso pawo, iye mantha kutali zombo mdani. Forts mu 1990 ali m'gulu la St. Petersburg World Heritage Site. Pa gawo la Fort Alexander Ine ndi Constantine ku nineties ndi ndinayamba chikondwerero "Fort Dance", umene unatha zaka 9.

Momwe kuti nyumbayi?

Ngati mwaganiza kukaona m'nyumbayi "Kronstadt linga", m'pofunika kudziwa adilesi iyi: Anchor malo, nyumba nambala 2. Pano ku St. Petersburg ( "Chipangano Village" siteshoni okwerera sitima) ndidzalandira inu kwa zokopa za basi chiwerengero 101. Kuchokera "Black Mtsinje", mungagwiritse ntchito takisi nambala 405, koma ku "chiyembekezo cha Choonadi" inu dovezot mathiransipoti pansi chiwerengero 407. m'chilimwe m'nyumbayi akhoza anafika pa sitima akubwera kuchokera siteshoni Baltic Railway. Muyenera kulowa "Oranienbaum" siteshoni, ndiye kutenga boti kapena chammwamba, amene achoka ku Makarov Embankment.