Plan zisanu Chaka Soviet Union kuti: tebulo, zaka zambiri, ntchito yaikulu yomanga. Socialist linatukuka

Kuyerekeza akale ndi amakono chofunika kusintha tsogolo, ndi zofunika kuti asadzachitenso zolakwa za makolo. USSR - kamodzi wamphamvu mayiko amphamvu vnosshaya pa nthawi ina chopereka yaikulu chitukuko cha dziko. Mmodzi wa cornerstones za moyo wa nzika Soviet anali zaka zisanu nyengo. Malinga ndi zotsatira zawo, olemba mbiri aweruze ndi mafakitale a dziko, yerekezerani zomwe wa akale ndi amakono, kudziwa momwe luso wasiya mbadwo wathu ndi zimene akadali ofunika kufuna. Choncho, mutu wa nkhaniyi - dongosolo zaka zisanu mu USSR. Gome m'munsimu chingatithandize kutsogolera chidziwitso anapeza mu mwatsatanetsatane.

Choyamba zisanu-Chaka (1928-1932)

Choncho, 1 dongosolo zaka zisanu wayamba m'dzina la sosholizimu. Dziko pambuyo utasintha chikufunika mafakitale, kuti kuyenderana ndi kutsogolera ku Ulaya. Komanso, mwa yokakamiza mafakitale mphamvu kumanga kotheka kugwirizanitsa dziko ndi kubweretsa Soviet Union kuti gawo lina la asilikali, komanso kulera mlingo wa ulimi mu gawo lalikulu. Malinga ndi boma, anafunika atakhala ndi opanda cholakwa dongosolo.

Choncho, cholinga chachikulu chinali kudzapeza buildup asilikali mofulumira.

Ntchito yaikulu ya dongosolo loyamba zaka zisanu

Pa XIV Congress wa CPSU (b), kumapeto kwa 1925, Stalin anasonyeza kuganiza kuti muyenera kusintha USSR ku dziko yoti zida ndi zipangizo kunja mu dziko, ndilo lokha onse ungatithandize ndi kupereka m'maboma ena. Kumene, pali anthu amene anasonyeza kuti ndi Zionetsero odzipereka, koma maganizo ambiri, anali maganizo. Stalin anakhala chidwi kuti pa zaka zisanu kubweretsa dziko ku kutsogolera mwa kuika patsogolo ulimi wa zitsulo. Choncho, ndondomeko mafakitale anali kuonedwa mu masiteji 4:

1. zoyendera zomangamanga watsopano.
2. Kukula kwa mafakitale kugwirizana ndi kupanga katundu ndi ulimi.
3. Kusokonekera amakampani boma akumeneko pa gawo.
4. Kusintha cha zovuta mphamvu.

Zonse zinai za ndondomeko si alternately, ndi intricately zapiringizana. Choncho anayamba zaka zisanu dongosolo la mafakitale wa dziko 1.

malingaliro onse kubweretsa moyo sanathe Komabe, makampani katundu kupanga chinawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi 3 zina ndi zomangamanga - 20 nthawi. Mwachibadwa, zimenezi bwinobwino ntchitoyo wachititsa zosangalatsa zachilendo wa boma. Kumene, nkovuta anthu anapatsidwa poyamba dongosolo zaka zisanu mu USSR. A tebulo ndi zotsatira za woyamba akanati ali mawu zotsatirazi ngati chiphiphiritso kapena subtitle: "Chinthu chachikulu - kuyamba!"

Inali pa nthawi iyi pali zambiri kupeza zithunzi zimene zimasonyeza kuti cholinga chachikulu ndi chizindikiro cha anthu Soviet.

Major ntchito yomanga panthawiyo anali m'migodi ya malasha mu Donbass ndi Kuzbass, Magnitogorsk zitsulo Phatikizani. Zimenezi zinathandiza kukwaniritsa ufulu wachuma wa USSR. Nyumba olemekezeka - izo Dnieper. Chaka 1932 TH zinali zodzaza osati mapeto a dongosolo loyamba zaka zisanu, koma makamaka kwa mafakitale katundu yomanga.

mphamvu ndi leaps ndi malire kumalimbitsa udindo wake mu Europe.

Zisanu Chaka Plan lachiwiri (1933-1937)

Chachiwiri asanu Zaka Plan mabwalo mkulu ankatchedwa "zaka zisanu dongosolo la collectivization" kapena "maphunziro onse." Ndipo anavomereza ndi VII Congress wa CPSU (b). Pambuyo dziko makampani katundu chikufunika vuto la zachuma. Ndi dera lino, ndipo wakhala cholinga chachikulu cha wachiwiri dongosolo zaka zisanu.

Malangizo waukulu wachiwiri zisanu

Mphamvu yaikulu ndi ndalama boma chiyambi cha "dongosolo zaka zisanu collectivization" kuti asaiwale yomanga zomera zitsulo. Panali Ural-Kuzbass, tiyeni choyamba Dnieper panopa. Dziko sanali kwanthawi kumbuyo mu sayansi. Choncho, wachiwiri zaka zisanu nyengo chinali ankafika woyamba pa North Pole ulendo Papanin anaonekera siteshoni kumalo ozizira SP-1. Mwakhama kumanga yapansi.

Panthawi imeneyi, chikulupiliro pakuBadizidwa anaikidwa pa mpikisano zokomera mwa antchito. Wotchuka drummer asanu Zaka Plan - Aleksey Stahanov. Mu 1935 iye atchuke ndi akuthamanga limodzi amasinthira ndalama 14 kosangalatsa.

Chachitatu zisanu-Chaka (1938-1942)

Kuyambira wachitatu zaka zisanu zinali zodzaza ndi chiphiphiritso: "Dziwani ndipo kuposa kupanga pa munthu wa m'mayiko olemera capitalist" Kuyesetsa chachikulu cha boma anali umalimbana kuwonjezeka chitetezo cha dziko, komanso mu zaka zisanu, chifukwa cha zomwe zowawa kupanga zinthu ntchito wowerengeka.

Plan Directions Chachitatu zisanu-Chaka

Ndi chiyambi cha 1941, pafupifupi theka (43%), likulu la dzikolo chinali choti mlingo wa makampani lolemera. Madzulo a nkhondo mu USSR, mu Urals ndi Siberia kukula mofulumira mafuta ndi mphamvu m'munsi. Koyenera kuti boma linali chilengedwe cha "Baku chachiwiri" - dera lina kupanga mafuta umene ukuyenera kulankhula pakati pa Volga ndi Urals.

chidwi linaperekedwa kwa akasinja, ndege ndi zomera zina za mtundu umenewu. N'zochititsa chidwi kuchuluka mlingo wa ulimi wa yolimbanirana ndi zida zankhondo zipolopolo. Komabe, mikono ya USSR akadali lagged kumbuyo kumadzulo, makamaka ku German, koma nkhani ya mitundu yatsopano ya zida Sali mofulumira, ngakhale mu miyezi ya nkhondo.

Chachinayi zisanu-Chaka (1946-1950)

Nkhondo itatha, mayiko onse anali kutsitsimutsa kupangidwa ndi chuma, ndi USSR Kutsogolera pafupifupi mwathunthu mwachita 40s mochedwa pamene anayamba nthawi chachinayi. Zisanu Chaka Plan sali woti buildup asilikali, monga kale, koma chitsitsimutso cha anataya muzochitika zones za moyo anthu panthawi ya nkhondo.

Zomwe yaikulu yachinayi dongosolo zaka zisanu

zaka ziwiri wakhala akwaniritsa mlingo wofanana wa mafakitale, zomwe nkhondo isanayambe, ngakhale kuti akufuna kwa dongosolo wachiwiri ndi wachitatu zaka zisanu atapereka lolimba mfundo opaleshoni. Mu 1950, maofesi kupanga waukulu mwabwerera kwa mlingo 1940. Pamene zaka zisanu inatha 4, makampani chinakwera ndi 41% ndi yomanga nyumba - 141%.

Kuti adzathe kulowa Dnieper latsopano, anabwezeretsedwa mabomba onse a Donbass. Pa kakalata pa dongosolo 4 zisanu.

Chachisanu zisanu-Chaka (1951-1955)

Pa Chachisanu asanu Zaka Plan zida wamba atomiki limapezeka koyamba mu NPP dziko mu Obninsk, ndipo kumayambiriro 1953 positi mutu wa boma mmalo mwa I. V. Stalina amatenga N. S. Hruschov.

zikayenda Major chachisanu zisanu

Monga ndalama kupanga kuchuluka kawiri, ndipo inachuluka mabuku wa mankhwala (71%) mu ulimi - 25%. Posachedwapa, zomera watsopano zitsulo adamangidwa - Caucasus ndi Cherepovets. Pa Mzere woyamba kwathunthu kapena pang'ono anapanga Tsimlyanskaya ndi Gorkovskaya HPP. Kumapeto kwa wachisanu sayansi zaka zisanu ine ndinamva za atomiki ndi wa hydrogen mabomba.

Pomaliza, tinali poyamba anamanga Volga-Don njira ndi Omsk fakitale mafuta, mitengo kwambiri kuchuluka kwa migodi ya malasha. Ndipo mahekitala miliyoni 12,5 m'dziko latsopano mwalowa kufalitsidwa.

Chimodzi zisanu-Chaka (1956-1960)

Kuposa 2 500 mabizinezi waukulu analowa opareshoni, pamene chimodzi dongosolo zaka zisanu. Kumapeto kwa izo, mu 1959, anayamba zikufanana dongosolo zisanu ndi ziwiri. ndalama National chinawonjezeka ndi 50%. Ndalama ku nthawi ino kawiri kachiwiri, chimene chinachitika mu chitukuko kwambiri makampani kuwala.

Zomwe waukulu wa Plan chimodzi zisanu-Chaka

Gross linanena bungwe la malonda komanso ulimi chinawonjezeka ndi oposa 60%. Iwo anamaliza Gorky, ndi Volga, Kuibyshev ndi Irkutsk HPP. Pakutha ndondomeko zisanu anamanga dziko lalikulu worsted mphero mu Ivanovo. Mu Kazakhstan, anayamba yogwira chitukuko cha m'mayiko namwali. Soviet Union potsiriza ndi nyukiliya chida chishango.

Kanema oyamba padziko lonse lapansi anapezerapo October 4, 1957. khama zosaneneka kukhala makampani lolemera. Komabe, ambiri anali ndi zolephera, boma anakonza seveni chaka dongosolo, womwenso ndi chiwiri dongosolo zaka zisanu ndi zaka ziwiri zapitazi wa chisanu.

Seventh zisanu-Chaka (1961-1965)

Monga mukudziwa, mu April 1961, anthu oyamba mu dziko anaulukira ku malo. Chochitika ichi chinali chiyambi cha chiwiri dongosolo zaka zisanu. ndalama National chikukulirakulirabe patadutsa zaka zisanu, kuwonjezeka ndi pafupifupi 60%. Mlingo wa linanena bungwe aakulu mafakitale chinawonjezeka ndi 83%, ulimi - 15%.

Ndi m'ma 1965 Soviet Union anatenga udindo patsogolo pa khala ndi chitsulo miyala komanso ulimi wa simenti, imene n'zosadabwitsa. Dziko akadali mwachangu anayamba makampani olemera ndi zomangamanga, mzinda adakula mu maso ake, ndi nyumba amphamvu muyenera simenti.

Chitatu asanu Zaka Plan (1966-1970)

ndondomeko zisanu sindimatanthauza yopanga zipangizo ndiponso kumanga nyumba zatsopano komanso mafakitale. Cities likupitiriza kuwonjezeka. Pakuti utsogoleri limabwera L. I. Brezhnev. Pa zaka zisanu, pali zambiri mobisa okwerera, West-Siberia ndi Karaganda zitsulo Bzalani, woyamba galimoto fakitale Vaz (Issue:. Magalimoto 600 zikwi pachaka), Krasnoyarsk HPP - siteshoni yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse pa nthawi imeneyo.

Yogwira nyumba yomanga kuthetsedwa vuto obezdolivaniya (kumatikumbutsabe za nkhondo akadali anabwereza m'mizinda ikuluikulu). Kumapeto kwa 1969 oposa 5 miliyoni anthu analandira nyumba. Pambuyo ndege Yu. A. Gagarina mu danga zakuthambo wapanga lalikulu adzatumpha patsogolo, mbala, poyamba, anabweretsa dothi mwezi, makina anafika pamwamba pa Venus analengedwa.

Chinayi zisanu-Chaka (1971-1975)

Pa chinayi asanu yomangidwa zoposa zikwi mabizinezi mafakitale, buku lalikulu la chikhalidwe mafakitale mankhwala chinawonjezeka ndi 45%, ndipo ulimi - 15%. Mwakhama osauka magalimoto, anakonza magalimoto ndi sitima. Investment wakhala kuposa rubles biliyoni 300 pachaka.

Kukula kwa mafuta ndi gasi mwankhanza zitsime Western Siberia zinachititsa kuti yomanga mabizinezi ambiri, amaika mumsewu wa mapaipi. Popeza kuoneka ambiri zomera mwakula ndi mlingo wa anthu ntchito, icho chinakhazikitsidwa ndi chizindikiro "Drummer wa chinayi asanu Zaka Plan" (yabwino ntchito yawo ndipo pa ntchito).

Chakhumi zisanu-Chaka (1976-1980)

Mwachangu kulera ndalama dziko ndi mafakitale linanena bungwe buku kumayamba kupita pansi. Tsopano dziko sayenera kuwonjezereka kwakukulu malonda, koma khola chitukuko cha muzochitika zones za makampani wakhala zofunika.

mafuta kupanga chinaonekera, kotero mapaipi ambiri kuti kutambasula kudutsa Western Siberia inamangidwa zaka zisanu, pamene ntchito yake zachitika mazana okwerera. N'zochititsa chidwi kuchuluka chiwerengero cha zipangizo ntchito: mathirakitala, magalimoto.

Khumi ndi zisanu-Chaka (1981-1985)

Pakuti Soviet Union anayamba nthawi yovuta kwambiri. boma Onse anali kubera vutoli, zifukwa imene inalipo yambiri: mkati, kunja, ndale ndiponso zachuma. Pa nthawi ina kunali kotheka kusintha kapangidwe ka mphamvu, popanda kukana zokomera onse, koma ichi zinalengedwa. Chifukwa cha vutoli, anthu kuti agwilitse udindo utsogoleri wa State, n'kuyamba mofulumira kwambiri. Choncho, L. I. Brezhnev anakhalabe Mlembi wa CPSU mpaka 10.11.1982, Yu V. Andropov udindo unachitikira mpaka 13.02.1984, K. Mu .Chernenko -. Mpaka 03.10.1985.

Iwo akupitiriza kukhala zoyendera gasi ku Western Siberia ku Ulaya. Anamanga payipi "Urengoy - Pomary - Uzhgorod" kutalika 4500 Km kufika Ural Mountains ndi mazana a mitsinje.

Akhumi zisanu-Chaka (1986-1990)

Plan Last asanu Zaka kwa USSR. Kwa nthawi, izo zinakonzedwa kugwiritsa yaitali strategy zachuma, koma dongosolo anapita awry. Pa nthawi imeneyo, ambiri anali chizindikiro cha nyundo khumi asanu Zaka: alimi, ogwira ntchito ndi akatswiri a mabizinezi, akatswiri anakonza ... (ndipo pang'ono kukwaniritsidwa) bungwe yopanga makampani kuwala.

Plan zisanu Chaka USSR: mwachidule tebulo

Kotero, ife mwachidule anatchula dongosolo zaka zisanu mu USSR. Gome kwa tcheru chanu, kudzakuthandizani bungwe ndi kulemba nkhani pamwamba. Buku lili mbali yofunika kwambiri lililonse dongosolo.

№ (zaka zisanu)	zolinga dongosolo	Major yomanga mapulani zaka zisanu	zotsatira
choyamba (1928-1932)	mtengo uliwonse kuonjezera mphamvu asilikali ndi kusintha kupanga makampani lolemera.	Magnitogorsk zitsulo Phatikizani, Dnieper, mabomba malasha Donbass ndi Kuzbass.	3 kuchuluka kupanga makampani olemera ndi nthawi 20 - zomangamanga, kuthetsa ulova.
chachiwiri (1933-1937)	I. V. Stalin: "Tili kuti andipeze ndi maiko wakhalapo zaka 5-10, kapena iwo udzaphwanya ife." Dziko anafunika kuwonjezera mlingo wa mitundu yonse ya mafakitale, onse olemera ndi kuwala.	Ural-Kuzbass - khala chachiwiri ndi zitsulo m'munsi mwa dziko, ndi yodutsira njira "Moscow - Volga".	N'zochititsa chidwi mapezedwe owonjezera dziko ndi mafakitale (2 zina), ulimi - ndi nthawi 1.5.
chachitatu (1938-1942)	Chifukwa ndondomeko anthu ankhanza a mphamvu yaikulu Nazi Germany anatumizidwa ku chitetezo cha dziko ndi kupanga makina komanso mafakitale lolemera.	Kutsindika pa sukulu pa chiyambi cha zisanu positi khama umasamutsidwa ku Urals: ndege, magalimoto, mfuti mortars amapangidwa kumeneko.	Dziko zowawa agonje kwambiri chifukwa nkhondoyo, koma wandipitirira patsogolo chitetezo ndi kupanga malonda lolemera.
wachinayi (1946-1950)	Kukhazikitsanso dziko pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. M'pofunika kukwaniritsa mlingo wofanana wa ulimi monga mu nthawi chisanadze nkhondo.	Likunenanso ntchito Dnieper, Donbass mphamvu ya North Caucasus.	Ndi 1948 ndipo kunatha mlingo chisanadze nkhondo, US sadziwa okhawo pa zida za nyukiliya kwambiri yafupika mitengo kufunika zofunika uphungu.
chachisanu (1951-1955)	Kuwonjezeka buku la ndalama dziko ndi mafakitale.	Volga-Don Ngalande (1952). Obninsk nyukiliya magetsi (1954).	Anamanga Madamu ndi zomera hydropower ambiri, kawiri kuchuluka mlingo wa mafakitale. Science amaphunzira za atomiki ndi wa hydrogen mabomba.
chimodzi (1956-1960)	Kulera likulu ndi wolemera kokha, komanso makampani kuwala, komanso ulimi.	Gorky, Kuibyshev, Irkutsk ndi Volgograd HPP. Worsted (Ivanovo).	Ndalama chinawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi nthawi mwachangu kufufuza mayiko a azungu Siberia ndi Caucasus.
chiwiri (1961-1965)	Awonjezere ndalama dziko ndi chitukuko cha sayansi.	April 12 - ndege Yu A. Gagarina..	Kuchuluka kwa chuma mulibe 94%, ndalama national chinawonjezeka ndi 62%, limapeza mafakitale linanena bungwe ndi 65%.
chitatu (1966-1970)	Kuwonjezera zizindikiro zonse: aakulu mafakitale kupanga ulimi, ndalama dziko.	Kumanga Krasnoyarskaya, fraternal, Saratov HPP West Sibirisky Zitsulo Works, Volga galimoto (Sandama). Iwo atalenga mwezi mbala.	Zakuthambo anasamukira patsogolo (nthaka anabweretsedwa Moon, Venus anafika pamwamba), nat. ndalama anakula 44%, voliyumu ya makampani - ndi 54%.
chinayi (1971-1975)	Mukhale ulimi zoweta ndi zomangamanga.	Ntchito yomanga ayenga ku Western Siberia, chiyambi cha yomanga payipi ya.	N'zochititsa chidwi kukhala makampani mankhwala pambuyo chitukuko cha miyala ya Western Siberia. Anaika 33 chikwi. Km wa mapaipi gasi, 22,5 thous. Km wa mapaipi mafuta.
chakhumi (1976-1980)	Kutsegula amakampani latsopano, chitukuko cha Western Siberia ndi Far East.	Kama zomera, Ayenela-Ilim opangira magetsi siteshoni.	Chiwerengero cha mafuta ndi gasi mapaipi. Pali mafakitale latsopano.
Eleventh (1981-1985)	ntchito More nchito ya chuma kupanga.	Payipi "Urengoy - Pomary - Uzhgorod" kutalika 4500 Km.	Kutalika kwa mpweya ndi mafuta mapaipi ndi 56 anafika 110 zikwi. Km motero. Mapezedwe owonjezera dziko, ubwino chikhalidwe kuchuluka. Kukodzedwa zida luso mafakitale.
chakhumi ndi chiwiri (1986-1990)	Kukhazikitsa kusintha kwa njira zachuma.	Ambiri nyumba zogona ndi kupangidwa.	Pang'ono anapezerapo yopanga makampani kuwala. Kuwonjezera kotunga makampani mphamvu.

Monga zovuta monga malingaliro amenewo, zotsatira za mapulani zaka zisanu bwanji khama ndiponso kulimba mtima wa anthu. Inde, ndachita sanali onse. Chimodzi asanu Zaka Plan anayenera "adzikonzenso" chifukwa ndondomeko zisanu ndi ziwiri.

Ngakhale kovuta ndondomeko zisanu mu USSR (Table - mwachindunji umboni), koma anthu Soviet molimba mtima analimbana ndi malamulo onse ndipo ngakhale patsogolo zopanikiza. The chiphiphiritso chachikulu cha zolinga zonse zisanu anali: "zisanu Zaka Plan zaka zinayi!"