Chisayansi cha zakuthambo Zelenchuk Observatory: kufotokoza, malo ndi mbiri

Zelenchuk Observatory ikuphatikizidwa mu intaneti ya VLBI (radiointerferometry ndi maziko owonjezera) "Kvazar-KVO". Kuphatikiza apo, VLBI imaphatikizapo zofanana ndizo ku Leningrad dera (Svetloe settlement), Republic of Buryatia (ku Badara) ndi ku Crimea (Simeiz).

Ntchito ya Zelenchuk Observatory ndizowonetserako mauthenga ofotokoza za radio zapamwamba zapamwamba ndi kusinthidwa kwa deta yolandira.

Mbiri

Radio Astronomy Observatory Zelenchukskaya (RAO) inakhazikitsidwa mogwirizana ndi chisankho cha Boma la USSR ndi Presidium ya Academy of Sciences (AN). Malo omwe analipo anali mudzi wa Zelenchukskaya ku Karachaevo-Cherkessia Autonomous Oblast (KChAO). Mapiri a kumpoto kwa Caucasus anali woyenera kwambiri kuthetsa ntchito zomwe anaziika ku malo oyang'anira.

Yayamba ntchito mu June, 1966, kukhala ndi udindo wa bungwe losayansi la Academy of Sciences la USSR.

Pakalipano, malo owonetsera malo (Zelenchuksky dera, KChAO) akuonedwa kuti ndi malo enieni a malo ofufuza malo, ndipo ma telescopes ndi amodzi mwa akulu padziko lapansi.

Zida zamakono za malo oyang'anira

Pofuna kuthetsa ntchitoyi, Zelenchuk Observatory ili ndi telescope yaikulu ya azimuth (BTA), komanso RATAN-600 ya telescope.

BTA yowonera makina a telescope ali ndi galasi ndi mamita asanu ndi limodzi. RATAN-600 imakhala ndi mamita 600 pamphindi. Maofesiwa adayamba kugwira ntchito pakati pa 1975 ndi 1977.

Mu makilomita 17 kuchokera kumudzi wa Nizhniy Arkhyz, kupatula BTA, makina oonera maso ndi magalasi olemera mita imodzi ndi 0,6 mamita awiri alipo.

Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, pafupi ndi mudzi wa Zelenchukskaya, ndi RATAN-600 ndi nyumba ya ma laboratory ndi hotelo.

Pogwiritsa ntchito telescope ya wailesi, chitukuko cha Kaidanovskiy Naum Lvovich chinagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kodi mkati mwa BTA ndi chiyani?

Mkati mwa telescope ikufanana ndi masewera a pakompyuta ndi nkhani yosautsa: zitseko zakuda zitsulo, masitepe osasangalatsa omwe amakhala osachepera pang'ono, zomwe zimabweretsa zipinda zodabwitsa zomwe zili ndi zipangizo zosazindikiritsa.

Pano simudzawona galasi lalikulu kwambiri pamapeto a telescope (ichi ndi lingaliro lomwe anthu ambiri ali nalo la telescope). Pamwamba pa telescope ndizitsulo zachitsulo, ndipo mbali yake yaikulu - galasi lalikulu lokhala ndi concave pamwamba. Pakati pao pali malo ogwira ntchito ya katswiri wa zakuthambo. Chipinda chaching'ono ichi, chomwe chimakhala chofanana ndi malo obisala bomba la atomiki kapena kanyumba ka oyamba zakuthambo, akatswiri a zakuthambo amatcha "galasi" la malo ochepa.

Pamene ntchentche ikatsegulidwa, kuwala kumagunda galasilo. Poyang'ana pa galasi la concave, iye amapereka chithunzi cha nyenyezi zakuthambo mwawonekedwe okulitsa. Pa chithunzithunzi ichi ndi "kugwedeza" m'tsogolo, ogwira ntchito kuwonetsetsa.

Zoona, tsopano akatswiri a zakuthambo sayenera kukhala mu "galasi", chifukwa anthu adzilowe m'malo ndi "zida" zowonongeka, zomwe zimayikidwa pano ndipo zimayendetsedwa ndi munthu kuchokera kunja.

Koma zonsezi ziri mbali yapamwamba (yogwira) mbali ya telescope. M'munsi mwa izo zonse zimayang'ana ndendende mosiyana: kuwala ndi mwakachetechete, monga pano pali khomo lalikulu lolowera. Nthawi zambiri amayamba maulendo.

Zochita zowonongeka

Otsogoleredwa ndi gulu la RAO "Zelenchukskaya" amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apereke thandizo lalikulu ku chuma chaumunthu pophunzira zakuthambo. Gulu la asayansi 120 linakhoza:

• Kupeza magulu a milalang'amba imodzi ndi theka;
• Pezani magulu oposa mazana asanu omwe ali ndi nuclei yogwira;
• Tsegulani mlalang'amba wachikasu wa SBS 0335-052;
• Kuti tipeze malo omwe kukhalako sikukugwirizana ndi ziphunzitso zilizonse za akatswiri a cosmologists.

Komanso, asayansi apeza kuti kupindula kwambiri ndi zinthu zolemera za Milky Way kunatha pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi zisanu zapitazo zapitazo.

Zosangalatsa

Pulogalamu yowona za zakuthambo (Zelenchuksky chigawo), omwe ndemanga zawo zinali zowonongeka, nthawi ina adatsutsidwa ndi mamembala apamwamba.

Zoona zake n'zakuti poyang'anira malo owonetsera, komitiyi inamva mwadzidzidzi kubvunda kwa achule. Ndipo popeza "kuimba" kumeneku kunkagwirizana ndi oyang'anira omwe anali ndi mathithi, ndiye kuti mapeto ake anapangidwa: malo oyang'anira nyumbayo anamangidwa pa mathithi.

Chimene chinali chofunikira kwa utsogoleri wa malo owonetsetsa kuti akhulupirire Komiti yotsutsana - mbiri siiii. Koma mfundo yakuti kosungirako ntchito ikugwira ntchito mpaka lero, imakamba za nkhani yotsekedwa bwino yokhudza kukhalapo kwa achule pa tsamba.

Mwa njira, lingaliro lenileni la kumanga chinthu monga Zelenchuk Observatory ku Russian Federation yatsutsidwa ndi akatswiri ambiri. Chotsutsana chawo chachikulu chinali nyengo ya zakuthambo m'dziko (ku Russia muli 200 usiku wopanda usiku pachaka).

Kodi pali chiyembekezo chilichonse cha Zelenchukskaya?

Funsoli si lopanda pake, chifukwa lero lero Hubble "telescope", yomwe imayikidwa mu dziko lapansi, yayamba kale kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kufufuza malo.

Inde, Hubble amapanga zithunzi zokongola za zinthu zamlengalenga, koma ndalamazo zimapangitsa sayansi ndalama zambiri zomwe zili ndi maulamuliro angapo kuposa malo onse owonetsekera. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, akatswiri sawona kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mafano omwe analandira ndi telescope ya malo ndi zithunzi za ma telescopes a padziko lapansi.

Komabe, Zelenchuk Observatory ndi malo ofananawo sangathe kugwira ntchito m'madera owonetsera, komwe kumakhala malo ozungulira. Chifukwa chake, deta yolumikizidwa mu X-ray ikugwiritsidwa ntchito silingapezeke pa malo owonetsetsa. Pano phindu la telescope la Hubble lapanyanja ndi lodziŵika, popeza silikusokoneza mpweya wa dziko lapansi.

Koma pano kachiwiri zonse zimayendetsedwa ndi mtengo wa mapulojekiti, makamaka, mapeto a "Hubble" mu mphambano ya dziko lathu lapansi, yomwe inagwiranso ntchito ndalama zokwanira.

Choncho, sikunali kofunikira kuti tilankhule za zochitika zozikidwa pansi monga ntchito zopanda ntchito.

Akatswiri a zakuthambo a ku Russia lerolino, akuyembekezera

Mwamwayi, funso la chiyembekezo cha zakuthambo za ku Russia silingathe kusankhidwa kuti ndilolera. Malinga ndi akatswiri, masiku ano Russia silingathe kupanga makanemafoni akuluakulu omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira zamakono.

Pali zifukwa zambiri za izi - kulibe ndalama zofunikira pa zomangamanga, kusowa kwa antchito omwe angathe kugwira ntchitoyi, ndipo pamapeto pake, kukhalapo kwa astroclimate yoipa. Zonsezi, ndithudi, sizimayambitsa chidziwitso cha Russian kuzinthu zazikulu zoterezi.

Komabe, akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo a ku Russia amayamikira chiyembekezo cholowa nawo bungwe la "European Southern Observatory". Izi zidzawathandiza kuti athe kupeza makina oonera atsopano padziko lapansi.

Koma umembala umenewu udzawononga pafupifupi 120 miliyoni mu ndalama za ku Ulaya, zomwe zikuimira kuchuluka kwa bajeti yamakono ya dziko muvuto lachuma.