Wambiri Dalya Vladimira Ivanovicha: chidwi zenizeni ndi zithunzi

Vladimir Ivanovich Dal, amene yonena adzakhala anafotokoza m'nkhani ino, ndi Russian katswiri ndi wolemba. Panali membala lolingana wa Physics ndi Masamu Dipatimenti ya St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Iye anali mmodzi wa amene adayambitsa 12 ya Russian Society Geographical. Ndinadziwa zinenero zosachepera 12, kuphatikizapo Turkic angapo. Iye ndi wodziwika anabweretsa yachokera "ofotokozera Dictionary a Russian Language".

banja

Vladimir Dal, amene yonena ndi lodziwika bwino kwa mafani ntchito zake zonse, anabadwa mu 1801 mu chimene tsopano ndi Lugansk (Ukraine).

Bambo ake anali Dane ndi dzina Russian Ivan anatenga nzika Russian mu 1799. Ivan Matveevich Dal ankadziwa French, Greek, English, Chiyidishi, Chihebri, Chilatini, ndi German, anali sing'anga ndi wazamulungu. luso lake zinenero anali kwambiri moti iye anaitanidwa ndi Catherine II Vinogradov kuti St. Petersburg kugwira ntchito laibulale bwalo. Kenako anapita Jena kuphunzira dokotala, ndiye anabwerera ku Russia ndipo analandira chilolezo zachipatala.

Mu St. Petersburg Vinogradov anakwatira Mariya Freitag. Iwo anali 4 anyamata:

• Vladimir (b. 1801).
• Karl (b. 1802). moyo wake wonse anatumikira mu apanyanja, analibe ana. Kumizidwa mu Nikolaev (Ukraine).
• Paulo (b. 1805). Odwala TB, ndi chifukwa cha thanzi osauka kukhala ndi mayi ake Italy. Iye akhali wakusowa ana. Iye anafa ali aang'ono ndipo anaikidwa m'manda ku Rome.
• Leo (chaka osadziwika kubadwa). Anaphedwa ndi zigawenga Polish.

Maria Dahl ankadziwa zinenero 5. Amayi ake anali mbadwa ya banja wakale wa French Huguenots ndi kuphunzira mabuku Russian. Nthawi zambiri iye ikumasuliridwa Russian ntchito za A. V. Ifflanda ndi S. Gessner. Agogo Marii Dal - boma pawnshop, ndi collegiate assessor. Ndipotu iye anali kukakamiza bambo wa wolemba tsogolo kulandira zachipatala, kuganizira mofatsa mmodzi wa yopindulitsa kwambiri.

kuphunzira

maphunziro a kupulayimale Vladimir Dal, kanthawi yonena umene uli m'mabuku a mabuku, anali kunyumba. Makolo kuyambira ubwana anam'phunzitsa kukonda kuwerenga.

Mu zaka 13, Vladimir, pamodzi ndi mng'ono wake analowa St. Petersburg Cadet Corps. Pali anaphunzitsidwa zaka 5. Mu 1819, Dahl maphunziro ali midshipman. Ponena za kuphunzira ndi utumiki mu yapamadzi, analemba zaka 20 pambuyo pa nkhani ya "chizindikiro kundipsompsona, nyonga kwambiri, kapena kuyang'ana mmbuyo."

Pambuyo kutumikira mu Navy mpaka 1826, Vladimir analowa Medical la Yunivesite ya Dorpat. Ankalandira moyo ake powapatsa maphunziro a chinenero cha Chirasha. Chifukwa cha kusowa ndalama, iye anali kukhala mu chipinda chapamwamba. Patapita zaka ziwiri, Dalia analembetsa ana kazonnokoshtnye. Monga mmene analembera mmodzi wa biographers wake, "Vladimir kumizidwa yekha maphunziro ake." Makamaka, iye ankatsamira pa chinenero Latin. Ndipo chifukwa cha ntchito yake pa nzeru za lake ngakhale kupereka ndi Mendulo siliva.

Pakamwa maphunziro ake anali ndi chiyambi cha Chirasha Turkey nkhondo 1828. Dera Transdanubian la milandu matenda mliri kuchuluka, ndi kulimbitsa asilikali utumiki mankhwala ofunika. Vladimir Dal, kanthawi yonena amene amadziwika ngakhale kuti olemba yachilendo, asanakalambe mayeso kwa dokotala wa. zolemba pamaphunziro ake anali lotchedwa "Pa njira bwino craniotomy ndi ulceration chobisika a impso."

ntchito zachipatala

Pa nkhondo za Polish ndi Chirasha Turkey kampani Vladimir anasonyeza waluntha dokotala nkhondo. Mu 1832, anayamba kugwira ntchito monga ntchitoyi ku chipatala St. Petersburg ndipo posakhalitsa anakhala bwino kudziwika ndi wolemekezeka dokotala mudzi.

PI Melnikov (Dahl Wazambiriyamoyo) analemba kuti: "Kusamuka ndi mwambo opaleshoni, Vladimir Ivanovich sanadzisiyira mankhwala. Iye anapeza latsopano bongo - Kuchiritsa kwamtundu ndi pochiza matenda a maso ".

ntchito zankhondo

Wambiri Dahl, mwachidule lomwe limasonyeza kuti Vladimir wakhala zolinga zake, limafotokoza choncho pamene wolemba anakhala msilikali. Izi zinachitika mu 1831 pa ulendo wa General Ridiger kudutsa pa Vistula Mtsinje (Polish kampani). Dahl athandiza kumanga mlatho pa izo, kumbuyo, ndipo pambuyo Kuoloka - anawonongedwa. Pakuti si ntchito ya ntchito mwachindunji mankhwala Vladimir Ivanovich analandira kudzudzula kwa mabwana ake. Koma kenako mfumu panokha kupereka kwa Vladimir kuwoloka ethnographer m'tsogolo.

Njira yoyamba mabuku

Dahl, kanthawi yonena amene anali odziwika bwino kwa ana ake, anayamba ntchito yake zolembalemba ndi choyalutsa kwambiri. Analemba ndi epigram pa Craig - Commander ya Black Sea zombo ndi Yuliyu Kulchinskuyu - lamulo wamba mkazi wake. Pa Vladimir Ivanovich anamangidwa mu September 1823 kwa miyezi 9. Pambuyo sanam'peze ndi mlandu wa bwalo, anachoka Nikolaev kuti Kronstadt.

Mu 1827 Dahl lofalitsidwa ndakatulo yake yoyamba mu "Chisilavo" magazini. Ndipo mu 1830 chinatseguka ngati wolemba mu nkhani "Gypsy" akufalitsidwa "Moscow Telegraph". Mwatsoka, nkhani ina n'zosatheka kunena mwatsatanetsatane za mankhwala zodabwitsa. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri, inu angatanthauze mainsaikulopediya thematic. Reviews a buku angakhale mu "Dal Vladimir:. A MBIRI" wolemba ana komanso analemba mabuku angapo. Bwino kwambiri ankakonda "woyamba pervinka" ndi "Pervinka ena."

Kuvomerezeka ndi kumangidwa yachiwiri

Wolemba Vladimir Dal, amene yonena ndi lodziwika bwino kwa ophunzira onse, anapanga wotchuka ndi buku lakuti "Russian maphwando a nkhani", lofalitsidwa mu 1832. Rector wa Dorpat Institute anaitanidwa wophunzira ake poyamba pa Dipatimenti ya mabuku Russian. Buku la Vladimir anatengedwa ngati nkhani yolembedwa ndi digiri mu nzeru. Tsopano aliyense ankadziwa kuti Dahl - wolemba, Wambiri amene anatsanziradi. Koma kunagwa tsoka. ntchitoyo kukanidwa ndi nduna ya maphunziro osadalirika. Chifukwa cha ichi anali nduna chidzudzulo Mordvinova.

Dahl yonena limalongosola kuti kuyambira. Kumapeto kwa 1832, Vladimir Ivanovich anapanga circumvention chipatala imene ntchito. Anthu anabwera mu mawonekedwe a, anamangidwa ndipo anamutengera ku Mordvinov. Iye anakantha dokotala zachipongwe olaula, uku akukupiza kutsogolo kwa mphuno yake, "Russian maphwando a nkhani", ndi wolemba kundende. Vladimir anathandiza Zhukovsky, amene panthawiyo anali mphunzitsi wa Alexander - mwana wa Nicholas I. Zhukovsky anafotokoza wolandira wachifumu wa zonse zimene zachitika, mu kuwala kwa anecdotal ananena Dahl monga munthu wonyozeka ndi luso, kupereka mendulo ndi malamulo a utumiki usilikali. Alexander anakopa bambo ake ku absurdity pa zimenezi ndipo Vladimir Ivanovich anamasulidwa.

Ubwenzi ndi Pushkin

Aliyense lofalitsidwa yonena za Dahl lili nthawi akuyendayenda ndakatulo kwambiri. Zhukovsky mobwerezabwereza analonjeza Vladimir zimene kumuthandiza kuti Pushkin. Dahl anali atatopa podikira natenga buku la "nkhani Russian Fairy" amene akhala achoka zogulitsa, anagonjera Aleksandru Sergeevichu anapita paokha. Pushkin poyankha, nayenso, anapereka Vladimir Ivanovich buku - "The nthano wa Ansembe ndi wantchito Wake Balda". Choncho anayamba ubwenzi wawo.

Kumapeto kwa 1836, Vladimir Ivanovich anafika ku St. Petersburg. Pushkin kukamuona kangapo ndipo anafunsa za anapezazo ndi zinenero. Ndakatulo kwambiri anamva kwa Dahl mawu "vypolzina". Izo zimatanthauza anthulo, amene bwererani pambuyo wintering njoka ndi garter njoka. Pa ulendo wotsatira wa Alexander Dahl anafunsa, akuloza malaya ake: "Chabwino, ngati vypolzina wanga wabwino? Ine sindiri mwa posakhalitsa mumafuna. Ndilemba kwa katswiri ake "odula imeneyi inali duel a. Pofuna kuti azivutika zosafunika wolemba ndakatulo wovulalayo, "vypolzinu" anali otporot. Mwa njira, Pankhaniyi akulongosola ngakhale yonena za ana Dahl a.

Vladimir anali nawo pochiza bala wopezeka Alexander, ngakhale achibale a ndakatulo iyi sanawaitane Dalia. Kuphunzira kuti wina wavulala, adafika pamenepo yekha. Pushkin anali atazunguliridwa ndi madokotala angapo mfulu. Kupatula Ivana Spasskogo (banja dokotala Pushkin) ndi bwalo dokotala Nikolaya Arendta anapezeka atatu katswiri kwambiri. Alexander Dahl mosangalala moni ndi pleadingly anafunsa, "Ndiuzeni ine choonadi, ine ndifa posachedwapa," Vladimir anati mwaukadaulo, "Tikukhulupirira kuti zonse zidzakhala bwino ndipo muyenera musataye mtima." Wolemba ndakatulo chanza ndi kumuthokoza.

Kukhala pa imfa ya Pushkin anapereka Dahl mphete zagolide ndi emarodi ndi kunena kuti: ". Vladimir, kutenga kachikumbutso" Ndipo pamene wolemba mutu wake, Alexander mobwerezabwereza: "Tengani, bwenzi wanga, ine sindikufuna kale zoyembekezeka kulemba." Kenako, Dahl analemba za mphatso za V. Odoyevskiy "Kodi kuyang'ana pa mphete imeneyi, kotero ndikungofuna kulenga chinachake yabwino." Dahl anapita wamasiye a ndakatulo iyi ndi cholinga kubwerera mphatso. Koma Natalia sanamvere kuti: "Ayi, Vladimir, kuti monga kachikumbutso a. Ndipo komabe, ine ndikufuna inu kumupatsa chipolopolo anamulasa malaya ake. " Zinali malaya-vypolzina tafotokozazi.

ukwati

Mu 1833, Dahl yonena amalembedwa ndi chochitika chofunika: izo anakwatira Yuliyu Andre. Mwa njira, iye payekha anadziwa Pushkin yekha. maganizo awo olakwika a kufanana ndi ndakatulo iyi Julius anaperekedwa makalata E. Voronina. Vladimir ndi mkazi wake anasamukira ku Orenburg, kumene iwo anabadwa ana awiri. Mu 1834, mwana, Leo, ndipo patapita zaka 4 - wamkazi Julia. Pa Dahl banja anasamutsa kapitawo kugwiritsa malangizo apadera pa kazembe VA Perovsky.

Amasiye, Vladimir kukwatirana mu 1840 kuti Ekaterina Sokolova. Anabereka wolemba ana atatu: Maria, Olga ndi Catherine. Last Ndalemba chokumbukira atate wake, amene anali kufalitsidwa mu "Russian boma yotchedwa Gazette" magazini mu 1878.

zachilengedwe

Mu 1838, chifukwa cha mndandanda wa kusonkhanitsa zinyama ndi zomera za Orenburg m'mphepete Dahl anasankhidwa membala lolingana wa Academy of Sciences pa Dipatimenti ya Natural Sciences.

ofotokozera dictionary

Aliyense amene amadziwa yonena za Dahl, akudziwa za ntchito yaikulu ya wolemba - "Dictionary". Pamene iye amatengedwa ndi kukonzedwa pamaso pa kalata "P", Vladimir Ivanovich ankafuna kupuma ndi kutsimikizira kwathunthu ntchito pa brainchild wake. Mu 1859, Dahl anasamukira ku Moscow ndi kukhala m'nyumba ya Prince Shcherbaty, amene analemba "History ya boma Russian." Mu nyumba iyi tachokera gawo lotsiriza la ntchito pa dikishonare, amene adakali Maka ndi buku.

Dahl ali ntchito, zomwe tingasonyezere m'mabuku awiri: "Anthu omwe chinenero ayenera kukhala chuma ndi gwero la chitukuko cha mawu kulemba Russian"; "Common matanthauzo, omumvera ndi mawu - ndi impracticable ndi lopanda pake chinthu." Ndipo phunziro la tsiku komanso mosavuta, choncho ndi lachinyengo. Kufotokoza ndi uthenga mawu ena zambiri kulephera tanthauzo iliyonse. Ndipo zitsanzo chingatithandize kulongosola nkhaniyi. "

Pofuna kukwaniritsa zimenezi chachikulu cholinga zilankhulo Dahl, amene yonena ali mainsaikulopediya ambiri zolembalemba, anakhala '53. Ndicho chimene dikishonale Kotlyarevsky analemba kuti: "Literature, Russian sayansi ndi anthu lonse walandira chipilala woyenera wa ukulu a anthu athu. ntchito Dahl adzakhala kunyada kwa mibadwo ya m'tsogolo. "

Mu 1861, mabuku oyamba a dikishonare ya mfumu Society Geographical kupereka Vladimir Ivanovich Konstantinovsky Mendulo. Mu 1868 iye anasankhidwa ndi membala aulemu a Academy of Sciences. Ndipo pambuyo buku la mabuku onse a dikishonale Dahl analandira Lomonosov Prize.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Mu 1871, mlembi anali kudwala ndipo anaitana nthawiyi wa ansembe ndi Orthodox. Dahl anachita zimenezi chifukwa chofuna kudya mu mwambo Orthodox. Ie atatsala pang'ono anatembenukira kwa Orthodoxy imfa.

Mu September 1872 Vladimir Ivanovich Dal, amene yonena wakhala tafotokozazi, wamwalira. Iye anaikidwa m'manda pamodzi ndi mkazi wake manda Vagankovsky. patapita zaka zingapo kumeneko anachita padziko lapansi, ndipo mwana wake Leo.