Zitsanzo za anthu a Russia. Miyambo ndi anthu a Russia

dziko lathu yaikulu, ndi lokhalamo anthu osiyanasiyana amene zingasiyane msinkhu ndi kumanga, mawonekedwe diso ndi mtundu, chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe, chipembedzo ndi folklore. Zitsanzo za anthu a Russia Mpaka kungachititse munthu wabwinobwino pafupifupi sekondale wophunzira, ndipo zimenezi si zodabwitsa, chifukwa dera mbadwa amaphunzira pa sukulu onse Russian.

Nkhaniyi Cholinga kuvumbulutsa zachisinsi ca bwino osadziwika pa nthawi yomweyo mudziwe chidwi za miyambo ndi anthu a Russia. wowerenga apeza kwambiri mfundo zothandiza, imene kenako kudzakhala kosavuta kumvetsa anthu komanso, pamene iye amatchedwa Russian.

Ndipotu, makamaka anthu a Russia (osachepera ena a iwo, mwachitsanzo, tikukhala mu Far North) sangalephere kudabwa ngakhale apaulendo wozindikira koposa ndi ozindikira. Pa zinthu izi ndi zina zambiri m'nkhani ino.

The zikuchokera mitundu ya anthu a Russia. zambiri

Kodi chachikulu ndi ambiri m'dziko lino ndi anthu osiyanasiyana ndi amphamvu kukhalamo. Nzosadabwitsa mzere zinali mu masiku a Soviet Union zitupa "mtundu". Union anakomoka, koma ku Russia akupitiriza boma m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, komwe oposa zana anthu kukhala pansi pa thambo chomwecho.

Malinga ndi kalembera nthaŵi zonse anali kuchititsa akhoza kutsutsa kuti anthu ameneŵa amapanga Russian mozungulira 90% ya anthu, amene 81% - Russian. Kodi anthu okhala mu Russia ambiri? Asayansi ethnographers amati Yankho losavuta la funso chithe, ndi malipoti awo, iwo amakhala kugwirizanitsa anthu olankhula zinenero zamakolo ya dziko gulu, ndi moyandikana chimene chimaoneka osati mwachirengedwe, komanso chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale. Okwana m'dzikoli oposa 180 madera mbiri. Zipembedzo anthu a Russia Komanso m'nkhani kusankha.

Ndi akuluakulu ambiri a fuko la dziko lalikulu, n'kosatheka kuti Atchule anthu ochepa amene chikhalidwe ndi moyo nthawi zambiri pafupi kutha. mfundo Inexorable nthawi zambiri kuti nambala a mitundu, amene ambiri mwa ife ngakhale adamva, pang'ono ndi pang'ono ikuchepa. N'chifukwa chake Government wathu watenga kusankha ndithu n'zomveka kunena za miyambo ndi anthu a Russia kuti achinyamata kuyambira makalasi koyamba sukulu mabuku. Poyamba, zonse izi anatumikira mu mawonekedwe a nthano ndi nthano, ndipo kenako ndi ana kalasi 7-8 mokwanira bwino njira ya moyo ndi chikhalidwe.

Little odziwika anthu a dziko lalikulu

Pali oimira anthu a Russia, zimene inu nkomwe anamva. Simundikhulupirira? Ndipo zifukwa zomveka. Ngakhale Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti kwenikweni iwo ali pang'ono. Kufotokozera anthu a Russia, amene anatha chikhalidwe chawo, miyambo, ndi Chofunika chikhulupiriro ndi njira ya moyo, kulandira chithandizo chapadera.

Vodlozero

Osati aliyense akudziwa kuti Karelia nyanja wamoyo anthu kapena otchedwa Vodlozero. Komabe, mpaka tsopano wakhala midzi isanu yokha, anthu a yemweyo, palibe oposa 550 anthu. Makolo awo anali ochokera ku Moscow ndi Novgorod. Ngakhale Vodlozerye adakali ulemu miyambo Asilavo. Mwachitsanzo, mu nkhalango mmene anatiuzira, ngati kale kusangalatsa mbuye wake - Mdierekezi. Lililonse mlenje ayenera kupereka nsembe: kunyamula nyama yakufayo monga mphatso.

Semey

Zitsanzo za anthu a Russia chingakhale chosakwanira popanda kutchulanso za Semeiskie. Ali moyo wawo zikuoneka kuti kutchula moyo akale Petrine. oimira awa anthu a Russia amaonedwa kukhala okhulupirira Old, kamodzi infesting dera Trans-Baikal. Dzina amachokera kwa dziko la mawu "banja." Malinga ndi 2010 kalembera lili ndi anthu a anthu 2,500. Wapadera chikhalidwe chawo adakali primeval, T. E. Little zasintha kuyambira m'masiku a makolo awo. Chaka chilichonse mu malo awa amakopeka asayansi ku dziko lonse kuphunzira luso la anthu a Russia. Mwa njira, osati aliyense amadziwa kuti mudzi ali m'nyumba Semey lero ndi zaka zoposa 250.

Russkoustintsy

maonekedwe mtundu wake kukhala chitukuko cha Siberia m'zaka XVII. Atsamunda ku Cossacks ndi kugombe-okhala kamodzi analenga kuno magulu boma mitundu. Ngakhale kuti anali m'mavuto imene, osachepera mu gawo, anatha kusunga chikhalidwe ndi chinenero.

Chaldony

Umo ndi momwe Siberians woyamba Russian atsamunda kwa zaka za zana XVI. Dzina omwewo ndiwo ana awo. Today chaldonov njira zofanana kwambiri ndi moyo wa Asilavo pamaso pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mphamvu kalonga. Wapadera bwino awo anasonyeza kuti chinenero, maonekedwe chikhalidwe kwathunthu wosiyana Asilavo kapena Mongoloid. N'zomvetsa chisoni chaldony ngati mitundu ina ing'onoing'ono, pang'onopang'ono.

Zatundrennye osawuka

Amaonedwa kukhala ana a kum'mawa Pomerania. Izi ndi anthu ansangala kwambiri mwachangu amakhudzana ndi ena. Iwo yodziwika ndi zambiri wapadera chikhalidwe, chikhulupiriro ndi miyambo. Komabe, mu 2010, anthu wamba okha kuti zatundrennym pachikhalidwe anthu 8 okha.

anthu pangozi ya dziko: ndi Khanty ndi Mansi

anthu zokhudzana Khanty ndi Mansi anali kamodzi alenje kwambiri. Ulemerero kwa kulimba mtima ndi olimba mtima njira Moscow. Masiku ano, mayiko awiriwa awa akuimira anthu a Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. Poyamba, dera pafupi mtsinje ob a Hunt dziwe. Mansi mafuko anayamba kukhazikika mu mpaka cha m'ma XIX, kenako anayamba kulimbikitsa yogwira anthu a m'madera a kumpoto ndi kum'maŵa derali. Si chikhulupiriro mwangozi, chikhalidwe, moyo wawo zachokera umodzi ndi chilengedwe, chifukwa Khanty ndi Mansi anali makamaka nayonso moyo.

Izi oimira anthu a Russia analibe kusiyana pakati pa zinyama ndi anthu. Nature ndi zinyama zonse anaima mu malo oyamba. Kotero, anthu sankaloledwa kuthetsa pafupi malo kumene kuli nyama ndi nsomba si ntchito zopezera n'chochepa kwambiri.

Pafupifupi nyama iliyonse anali ulemu. Choncho, malinga ndi zikhulupiriro zawo, chimbalangondo anabala kwa mkazi woyamba, ndipo moto anapereka Great Nyamuliranani; ose - chizindikiro cha chuma ndi mphamvu; Beaver ndipo ngongole chakuti zinali kumuyamikila Khanty anabwera chiyambi Vasyugan Mtsinje. Masiku ano, asayansi akuona kuti chitukuko mafuta kungakusokonezereni osati anthu beavers, komanso pa moyo wa anthu wonse.

Huskies - onyada northerners

Eskimos kuja n'kukakhala ku Chukotka Autonomous District. Izi mwina anthu kum'maŵa dziko lathu, chiyambi cha zimene zatsalira maganizo lero. kusaka nyama ndi ntchito yaikulu. Mpaka pakati pa XIX atumwi ndi mkondo nsonga ndi makina harpoon zopangidwa fupa anali zipangizo chachikulu kusaka.

Popereka zitsanzo za anthu a Russia, tisaiwale kuti Eskimos nkomwe anakhudzidwa Chikhristu. Iwo ankakhulupirira mizimu kusintha mkhalidwe wa munthu, zochitika za chilengedwe. Mlengi wa dziko ankaona Sila - mlengi ndi mwini, kusunga diso pa dongosolo la kapembedzedwe ndi kulambira makolo. Sedna, ndi mbuye nyanja, anatumiza Eskimos nyama. Mizimu omwe tsokali ndi matenda, zitawonetseredwa atumiki kapena M'malo mwake, zimphona. Ula, anali pafupifupi Pamudzi. Monga mkhalapakati pakati pa mwamuna ndi mizimu yoyipa, anapangana mapangano mtendere, ndipo nthawi zina Eskimos ankakhala bata ndi mtendere.

Pamene nsomba inayenda bwino, anakonza maholide nsomba. Komanso bungwe mapwando polemekeza chiyambi kapena mapeto a nyengo kusaka. Olemera nthano zachilendo Arctic Culture (kusema ndi chosema pa mafupa) kamodzinso kutsimikizira wapadera wa Eskimos. Katundu wa anthu Russian, kuphatikizapo iwo angathe kuona zinthu zochititsa chidwi likulu la ethnographic.

Wotchuka Russian mphalapala - Koryak

Kuyankhula za mmene anthu ambiri okhala mu Russia pa mphindi, osati kutchula Koryak akukhala Kamchatka ndi Chukotka Peninsula. Mu fuko lino adakali kuda ya Okhotsk chikhalidwe, omwe analipo m'nthawi ya Zakachikwi AD. Pa muzu wa zinthu zasintha m'zaka XVII, pamene mapangidwe a asapita Koryak-Russian. Collectivism - maziko a moyo wa anthu.

worldview awo kugwirizana ndi animism. Izi zikutanthauza kuti iwo ali ndithu nthawi yaitali anauzira onse apadziko: miyala, zomera, chilengedwe. Komanso mu miyambo yawo zinachitika mizimu. Molemekeza malo opatulika, nsembe, zinthu mwambo - zonsezi ndi pa mtima wa Koryak zikhalidwe.

maholide onse Koryak anali ndipo nyengo. Spring mphalapala kukondwerera nyanga (Kilwa), ndi kugwa - tsiku la mbawala lakupha. Mu mabanja omwe mapasa anabadwa, Ine kukonza nkhandwe holide ngati ana ongobadwa kumene ankatengedwa achibale cha adani amenewa. Pa zochitika zonse akuonekera mwachangu kutsanzira nyama kuvina, akuimba. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, lamulo kusamala cholowa ndi cholowa wapadera anthu Koryak.

Tofalars - zikutha mtundu Irkutsk dera

Kufotokozera anthu a Russia N'zosatheka Tofa, ndi fuko la anthu oposa 700, amene anaika mu dera la dera Irkutsk. Ngakhale kuti ambiri a Tofa - Orthodox, mizimu ulipobe.

zinthu zazikulu za anthu awa - kusaka mphalapala wawo amadalira kuweta. Kamodzi chakumwa akhafunika pikulu akhali mkaka mbawala kuti kumwa yophika kapena anawonjezera kuti tiyi. Bola ngati Tofalars asakhale anthu amangokhala, kwawo kunali kanyumba conical. Posachedwapa, magazi oyera a anthu atayika. Komabe, miyambo, miyambo ndi chikhalidwe cha Tofalars wakale zilipodi.

Wapadera ndipo ndikunyadira anthu - Archi

Today Archi - yaing'ono mitundu gulu kuti pamene 1959 kalembera anali m'gulu la Avars. Ngakhale izi chizindikiro ndi moyo ndiwofatsa anthu amaloledwa kusunga m'chinenero chawo. Modern Archi ulemu chikhalidwe chawo, ambiri a iwo ndi maphunziro apamwamba. Komabe, sukulu amaphunzitsidwa yekha chinenero Avar.

Kodi Archi yekha chinenero Avar, kamodzinso zimatsimikizira kuti iwo ali lalikulu mtundu, chikhalidwe zofunika. Moyo wa anthu si ungasinthe lonse. Youth salowa kuchoka m'mudzimo, ndi mabanja wosanganiza - m'chipani. Ngakhale, ndithudi, pali imfa mwapang'onopang'ono mwambo.

anthu angati Russia, miyambo ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, akukondwerera mokondwera Archi si kukongoletsa Mtengo wa Khirisimasi, ndipo wavala capes ubweya ndi zipewa anapanga nkhosa ndi kuyamba kuvina kwa limodzi la lezginka zurna, ndi ng'oma ndi kumuza.

Otsiriza a anthu a Vod

Tidzapitiriza kuti apereke zitsanzo za anthu a Russia. Chiwerengero cha anthu a Vod ali sadzachitanso 100 anthu. Iwo amakhala pa gawo la masiku Leningrad Region.

Vod - Orthodox. Komabe, ngakhale izi, zotsala za chikunja adakali ndi malo kukhala: m'chiyambi cha XX atumwi inachokera animalism - kulambira mitengo, miyala. Miyambo chakwaniritsidwa monga masiku kalendala. Madzulo a Ivan Kupala chimoto panja, ndi atsikana anatengedwa kupita ndikulingalira. Pa tsiku Eliya anali m'magulu phwando losonkhanitsidwa ndi nsomba mwambo. Choyamba nsomba yokazinga, ndiyeno adatchithisira kumbuyo m'madzi. Kusankha bwenzi galimoto anapita kwathunthu pa achinyamata. Chibwenzi, monga kuyenera amakono, anawagawa magawo awiri: Ndipotu suti, mkwati ndi mkwatibwi anasinthanitsa malonjezowo ndi fodya, pamene matchmakers kuti kusuta fodya ndipo anadya mikate.

Pa pokonzekera ukwati zambiri kumveka kusisima mwambo. Modabwitsa, ukwati "kawiri-inatha" anali XIX atumwi pambuyo ukwati, mkwati anapita kukondwerera yekha ndi alendo ake zoona, chomwechonso Mkwatibwi. Ndipo mpaka cha m'ma XIX pa ukwati mkwatibwi anameta tsitsi pa mutu wake, ngati kusonyeza kusintha kwa siteji watsopano - siteji ya moyo wa m'banja.

Nivkhs - okhala Khabarovsk Gawo

Nivkhs - anthu, ili mu Khabarovsk Gawo. Nambalayo kuposa 4,500. Zikuoneka kuti izi siziri choncho zambiri, ngati inu kuganizira mmene anthu ambiri amakhala Russia pa nthawiyo, anthu onse kuti zikukambidwa, Muli kuyerekeza Mwachitsanzo, anthu a Vod. Nivkh amakambidwa ngati Nivkh, ndi zinenero Russian. Akukhulupirira kuti ana a anthu akale a Sakhalin.

zamanja Traditional amaonedwa nsomba, nyama komanso kukafufuza. Komanso, galu kuswana anali mmodzi wa maphunziro waukulu wa Nivkh. Iwo osati ntchito agalu monga galimoto, komanso azidyetsa, ndipo adasoka zovala zawo kuchokera ku zikopa galu.

chipembedzo nduna - Orthodoxy. Komabe, mpaka m'ma XX m'ma anasunga zikhulupiriro za makolo. Mwachitsanzo, akuluakulu a chimbalangondo. Chimbalangondo Chikondwerero anali limodzi ndi kupha nyama anakulira mu khola. Kulemekeza chikhalidwe, zomveka ntchito mphatso mu Nivkhs magazi. Olemera nthano Tirhana na Timatheriyali, quackery akadali Adutsa pakamwa pakamwa.

anthu olankhula zinenero zamakolo za Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District

anthu Fewest kuposa Selkups kupeza mu North lonse. Malinga anthu, chiwerengero chawo ndi anthu 1700 yekha kwa kalembera lomaliza. Dzina la anthu zimachokera ku mitundu ndipo limatanthauza 'nkhalango munthu ". Selkups kale chinkhoswe mu nsomba ndi nyama, ndi mphalapala. Mpaka m'zaka XVII, ndiko kuti, malinga ngati amalonda a ku Russia katswiri malonda mwachangu osauka Chotsimikizika, kuluka.