The Republic of Poland. History ndi Zamakono

Poland ndipo tsopano ali ndi malo otchuka pa mapu ndale, ndi mu masiku akale, kukopa kwake pa zochitika za ku Ulaya anali chofunika kwambiri. The Republic yamakono ya Poland anali chifukwa cha yaitali ndi yovuta zamoyo zinachita njira ufumu akale boma voti mu Europe ogwirizana.

Magwero a demokalase: ufulu ndi ufulu wodzilamulira

Mbiri ya Poland akuyamba m'nthawi chakhumi. Pamene woyamba Polish kalonga ndi dzina la Mieszko anakhala Akhristu. zaka zana pambuyo boma walandira udindo wa ufumu ndi Papa, ndi mazana asanu ogwirizana lalembedwa ndi Chilituyaniya ukulu ndipo anapita pansi mu mbiri pansi pa dzina la Rzeczpospolita, umene ndi mpweya buku la chinenero Latin ndi anamasuliridwa kuti "chifukwa wamba." Mfundo n'kofunika kwambiri kumvetsetsa mbiri wotsatira wa Poland.

Ngakhale kuti Poland anali yokhala ndi ufumu, palibe absolutism sipanayambe pakhala, ndi kuyesa asagwiritse ufulu wa m'tawuni nawo kukana amphamvu.

Act Government ndipo polimbana tycoons

M'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu kunapezeka kuti dziko si zovuta - ndipo apa mavuto mkati ndi kusagwirizana ndi anansi. Komabe, ndiye kuti malamulo loyamba la Republic of Poland lalandiridwa, amene analowa mbiri ya dziko pansi pa dzina la "mchitidwe wa boma". M'njira okhwima, boma anali asanakhale naye Republican boma, koma Ulaya n'zimene zinachitikira woyamba codify lamulo lofunika.

Izi ndi kanthu moona chosintha kunapezeka kuti anadabwa kuti anansi, zomwe zinayambitsa nkhondo ndi Russian Ufumu, anaganiza kuthetsa demokalase nascent.

Domestically, nayenso, si onse amene ankasangalala ndi lamulo latsopano, ndipo palimodzi, magnates Polish anayamba kumenyana ndi boma lawo ndi Sejm - waukulu woimira thupi la dziko, limene anakumana mosalekeza pa nthawi kwa zaka mazana atatu.

Free Poland. Dziko kapena Republic

mfundo Ndithu Republican akhala enshrined m'chigawo malamulo pokhapokha kumasulidwa kuchoka ku ulamuliro Russian - mu 1919. Pambuyo Russian utasintha, mayiko ambiri a mu Ufumu wa Roma anapeza ulamuliro. Free Republic of Poland Kodi zotsatira za chilengezo cha ufulu ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa otchedwa Little Constitution amakhazikitsa malo Mutu wa State, koma zikuchepa okha mphamvu zake.

Patapita zaka ziwiri, lamulo latsopano zofunika Analeredwa. Malinga ndi malamulo kuti, Sejm Anapatsidwa mphamvu zazikulu, koma ndi mphamvu wamkulu anasonyeza mwa mutsogoleli wa dziko la Poland.

nthawi Communist. A chida chatsopano mu chitukuko cha chilamulo Polish

Nkhondo yachiwiri itatha, dziko la Poland akugwa pansi pa mphamvu ya Soviet Union. Inali nthawi imeneyi, ndipo anatengera malamulo atsopano, olembedwa kutali, ndi lalikulu, ndi Stalin. Ngakhale chikalata ndipo amavomereza za ufulu wa anthu ndi kumasulika, izo anapitiriza ufulu chuma payekha amisiri ndi anthu wamba, koma zonse ufulu onsewa sanathe chidzakwaniritsidwa. Mu malamulo omwewo inathetsedwa kulekana mwambo wa mphamvu kwa Poland pa nthambi, ndi mphamvu zonse ndi ufulu wolankhula m'dzina la anthu anasiya ndi Seimas.

A nyengo yatsopano mu mbiri ya Poland lidzayamba pambuyo pa liquidation wa Soviet Union ndi wa Warsaw ke. Patapita zaka zingapo, ndi Zakudya kutengera malamulo atsopano, zinalembedwa zochokera onse olemera ndi sanali ufulu zapitazi.

Mu lamulo latsopano zofunika analetsa katundu, kumuzunza ndi ufulu kukhulupirika kumabwera koyamba. Ndiponso anatsimikizidwa ndi inviolability wa kunyumba ndi makalata, amene mawu a njira zamakono chitukuko ndi zoyesayesa za limati zosiyanasiyana kukonza zonse anaziika wa nzika zake, n'kofunika kwambiri.

Mu 2004, Poland potsiriza lakwaniritsa zolinga zake zofunika kwambiri ndipo anagwirizana European Union, kusunga Komabe, ulamuliro tsankho. Miyambo ya kulimbana kwa ufulu amakakamizidwa andale Chenjerani zosiyanasiyana zochitika ndiponso mabungwe. Mwina ndiye chifukwa chake dziko la Poland ndi ku palibe mofulumira kulowa kufalitsidwa ndalama European mosamala amateteza zloty ake, amene ndi njira malipiro m'gawo lake kwa zaka zingapo.