Isake Asimov: Mayiko okongola m'mabuku ake. Ntchito za Isaac Asimov ndi kusintha kwawo

Isake Asimov - mmodzi mwa olemba ofunika kwambiri ndi ovomerezeka a America. Iye, pamodzi ndi Robert Heinlein ndi Arthur Clark, ali mbali ya otchedwa "Big Three" olemba mabuku a sayansi. Izi zikukamba za kuvomereza anthu ogwira nawo ntchito m'sitolo komanso zopereka zazikulu zomwe adazipanga m'mabuku. Kuonjezera apo, ambuye atatuwa amatsenga angathenso kutchedwa ounikira nthawi yathu. Azimov ndi Clarke anachita zambiri pofuna kufalitsa sayansi.

Zithunzi za Isaac Asimov. Ubwana ku Soviet Russia

Petrovichi (omwe tsopano ndi chigawo cha Shumyachsky) a dera la Smolensk ndi malo omwe Isaak mwana wamwamuna adalemekezeka ndi kubadwa kwake pa January 2, 1920, amene pambuyo pake anakhala wolemba mabuku wabwino kwambiri wazaka za m'ma 1900 Isaac Asimov. Pambuyo pake adanena kuti anabadwira m'dziko lomwelo monga Yuri Gagarin, choncho amamvekanso ngati ali m'mayiko awiri.

Bambo Azilemba, yemwe anali wolemba mabuku, anali panthaŵi imeneyo wophunzira. Poyamba anali kuchita bizinesi ya banja, ndipo atatha kusintha kwake anakhala a compactant. Mayi wa wolemba, Hana-Rahil, anali wochokera m'banja lalikulu ndipo ankagwira ntchito m'sitolo.

Kusamuka

Mwana wake atabadwa mu 1923, makolo ake a Isaac adalandira pempho kuchokera kwa mchimwene wake amake, amene adachoka ku US kuti akakhale kumeneko. Banja likuganiza zopita ku America.

Isake Azimov adanena kuti asanalowe ku America makolo ake ankadziwika ndi dzina la Ozimovs, koma akuluakulu a boma lawo adawalemba ngati Azimovs ndipo adasintha dzina la wolembayo ku America. Kotero iye anakhala Isaki.

Makolo sanathe kudziwa bwino Chingerezi, choncho sizinali zotheka kupeza ntchito pa ntchito yolipira kwambiri . Kenako Yuda anagula sitolo yaing'ono ndipo anatsegula malonda. Koma kwa mwana wake iye sanafune chiwonongeko cha wogulitsa malonda ndipo adaganiza zomupatsa maphunziro abwino. Isake mwiniyo adaphunzira ndi zosangalatsa, ndipo kuyambira zaka zisanu ndi zisanu amatha kupita ku laibulale.

Chifukwa chovomerezedwa ku chipatala, palibe chomwe chinachitika - monga adazindikira, Azimov sakanatha kuwona magazi. Kenaka adasankhidwa kulowa mu dipatimenti ya chemistry ya University University.

Kenaka inali ntchito yabwino. Isaac Azimov anakhala pulofesa wa sayansi ya zachilengedwe ndipo anayamba kuphunzitsa ku Boston Medical School. Mu 1958, mwadzidzidzi anaimitsa ntchito yake ya sayansi. Koma nkhani zake zotchuka zinapitiriza kuwerenga kwa zaka zingapo.

Kodi iye amakhala bwanji wolemba sayansi yopeka?

Asimov anayamba kulemba ali mwana. Tsiku lina bwenzi lake, atawerenga chiyambi cha nkhaniyo, adafuna kupitiriza. Kenaka mlembi wamatsenga wa zaumtsogolo anawonekera bwino kuti iye amachitadi chinachake.

Nkhani zoyamba za Isake Asimov zinasindikizidwa mu 1939 ndi John Campbell, mkonzi wodabwitsa komanso wofufuza za matalente aang'ono. Ntchito yachiwiri yofalitsidwa - "Kubwera kwa usiku" -, malinga ndi a American Association of Science Fiction, olemba mabuku, cholengedwa chabwino chodabwitsa chinalembedwa padziko lonse lapansi.

Mabuku abwino kwambiri a wolemba

Mabuku abwino kwambiri a Isake Asimov omwe amapezeka muzinthu zonyenga ndi monga "Iwo", "Foundation" ndi "I, Robot". Koma izi sindizo zonse zolengedwa zake zazikulu. Palibe amene angayang'ane zamtsogolo kwa zaka zambiri kuposa Isaac Asimov. "Mapeto a Muyaya" ndi buku labwino kwambiri la wolemba lomwe limaperekedwa ku vuto la kuyenda nthawi.

Zosangalatsa za Asimov

Lembani mabuku 500 - zikuwoneka zosatheka. Ambiri mu moyo wanga wonse samawerenga ngakhale zambiri. Isake Asimov sanangotchula, adatha kuchita zinthu zina zambiri. Iye anali tcheyamani wa American Association of Humanists, anali atayamba kufalitsa sayansi, anasindikizidwa ndi magazini ya sayansi yonena za dzina lake. Iye sankakhulupirira olemba mabuku ndipo ankakonda kuchita bizinesi yekha, zomwe zinatenga nthawi yochuluka. Azimov adagwira ntchito yake pokhala tcheyamani wa gulu la amuna. Iye anachita chirichonse pa chikumbumtima. Ngakhale kulankhula kochepa mu gulu lake, iye anakonzekera mosamala. Panalibenso chifukwa choti anayenera kunjenjemera chifukwa cha ntchito yake.

Mbali ya zofuna za wolembayo ikugwiranso ntchito. M'mbuyomu, pulofesa wa sayansi ya zamoyo, Azimov sanadzilekerere yekha kuphunzira za sayansiyi. Iye anali wokhudzidwa kuzungulira. Cosmology, futurology, linguistics, mbiri, linguistics, mankhwala, psychology, anthropology - ichi ndi chabe mndandanda wa zosangalatsa za wolemba zamatsenga. Analibe chidwi ndi sayansi izi, komanso ankaphunzira mozama. Ndipo mabuku a Isake Asimov, omwe amalembedwa ndi malembawa, nthawi zonse amakhala olondola komanso odalirika pazinthu zowonjezeka.

Yesetsani kufalitsa sayansi

Pakatikati mwa zaka za m'ma 1950, Azimov anayamba kulemba zofalitsa, pochita sayansi. Buku lake kwa achinyamata "Chemistry of Life" linali lopambana kwambiri kwa owerenga, ndipo anazindikira kuti kulembetsa zolemba zake ntchito ndi zophweka komanso zosangalatsa kuposa zamisiri. Amalemba zolemba zambiri za sayansi za masamu, physics, chemistry, astronomy. Ntchito yake yaikulu inali yokhudza ana ndi achinyamata. Azimov adamuuza achinyamata achinyamata za zinthu zazikulu.

Mabuku otchuka a sayansi a Azimov

Wolembayo amadziwika kwambiri padziko lapansi chifukwa cha ntchito zake mu malingaliro ndi zongopeka. Ndife ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti Isaac Azimov ndi amene analemba ntchito zambiri monga zolemba za sayansi. Zosangalatsa zake ndi zovuta.

Wolemba mbiri wotchuka wa sayansi analemba zolemba za mbiri ya Middle East, maluwa ndi kugwa kwa Ufumu wa Roma, mafuko ndi majini, kusintha kwa chilengedwe ndi chinsinsi cha supernovae. Iye adalenga "Mbiri Yachidule ya Biology", momwe adayankhulira mwatsatanetsatane za kukula kwa sayansiyi, kuyambira nthawi zakale. Ntchito ina, The Human Brain, imalongosola ndi kuseketsa kayendedwe ndi kayendetsedwe kabwino ka mitsempha ya mitsempha. Komanso, bukuli lili ndi nkhani zambiri zochititsa chidwi zokhudza kukula kwa sayansi ya psychobiochemistry.

Mabuku ambiri a wolemba amangofunikira kuwerenga kwa ana. Mmodzi mwa iwo ndi "Wotchuka Anatomy". Isake Azimov mwa iwo mwatsatanetsatane akufotokozera za dongosolo lodabwitsa la thupi la munthu. Mwachikhalidwe chake, ndi zophweka komanso omasuka kulankhula za zinthu zovuta, wolembayo amayesa kudzutsa chidwi cha wowerenga pa chibadwa.

Mabuku otchuka a Isaac Asimov nthawi zonse amalembedwa m'chinenero chosangalatsa, chomveka bwino. Amadziwa momwe angalankhulire zinthu zovuta kwambiri, mwachidwi komanso mochititsa chidwi.

Tsogolo la tsogolo. Chimene chinakwaniritsidwa kuchokera kwa wolembayo ananeneratu

Panthawi ina, nkhani yodziwiratu za tsogolo la anthu ndi olemba otchuka a sayansi yonyenga inali yotchuka kwambiri. Zambiri mwazomwe zinakambitsirana ndi Azimov ndi Arthur Clark. Lingaliro limeneli si latsopano. Wina Jules Verne m'mabuku ake anafotokoza zinthu zambiri zomwe anapeza zomwe zinapangidwa ndi munthu wina pambuyo pake.

Pempho la nyuzipepala ya "The New York Times" mu 1964, Isaac Azimov adalongosola momwe dziko lapansi lidzakhalire zaka 50, mu 2014. Izi zikuwoneka zodabwitsa, koma zambiri zoganiza zozizwitsa zinakwaniritsidwa, kapena zinanenedweratu molondola. Zoonadi, izi sizineneratu mwakuya kwake, mlembiyo adadziŵa yekha za tsogolo la anthu pogwiritsa ntchito luso lomwe likupezeka kale. Komabe, kulondola kwa mawu ake ndi kodabwitsa.

Chimene chinachitika:

1. Televizioni mu 3D.
2. Kukonzekera kwa chakudya kudzakhala kwakukulu. Kukhitchini padzakhala zipangizo ndi ntchito ya "kukonzekera kokha".
3. Chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse chidzafika pa 6 biliyoni.
4. Pokambirana ndi wogwirizanitsa ali kutali, zikhoza kuwonedwa. Mafoni adzakhala odula ndipo adzakhala ndi chinsalu. Ndizotheka, kugwira ntchito ndi zithunzi ndikuwerenga mabuku. Ma satellites angathandize kulumikizana ndi munthu kulikonse padziko lapansi.
5. Ma Robot sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
6. Zipangizozi zikhoza kugwira ntchito popanda chingwe cha magetsi, pa mabatire kapena ma accumulators.
7. Mwamuna sangapite ku Mars, koma mapulogalamu adzakhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha utsogoleri wake.
8. Zomera za mphamvu za dzuwa zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito.
9. Masukulu adzayambitsa maphunziro a kompyuta.
10. Kum'mwera kwa Arctic ndi m'chipululu, kuphatikizapo alumali pansi pa madzi, zidzakhazikika.

Mafilimu pa ntchito za Isaac Asimov. Mawonekedwe otchuka kwambiri pawindo

Olemba ochepa chabe angadzitamande kuti mabuku awo anawatsogolera opanga mafilimu kuti apange mafilimu chifukwa cha zolinga zawo. Ntchito za Isaac Asimov zakhala zikufufuzidwa nthawi zambiri.

Mu 1999, makinawo anatulutsidwa "Bicentennial Man," pogwiritsa ntchito buku lolembedwa pamodzi la "Positron Man" la Silverberg ndi Azimov. Ndipo maziko anali buku laling'ono la wolembayo lomwe liri ndi mutu womwewo monga kuwombera. Mavuto okhudzana ndi kubwera kwa ma robot m'tsogolomu, nthawi zonse ankakondwera ndi wolemba zachinsinsi. Zomwe zingapangidwe zamoyo zopanga nzeru, mwayi wolimbana ndi anthu, chitetezo cha ma robbo, kuwopa, umunthu - zinthu zambiri zomwe Azimov akukwera pa ntchito yake ndizokulu kwambiri.

Mufilimuyi, vuto lalikulu limaganiziridwa: kodi robot ikhoza kukhala munthu. Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha tepi ndi Andrew, yemwe adasewera modabwitsa ndi Robin Williams.

Mu 2004, panali filimu ina yambiri - "Ine, Robot". Isake Asimov amalembedwa kuti ndiye wolemba buku lomweli, chifukwa chake adachotsedwa. Ndipotu, chiwembu cha chithunzithunzichi chatengedwa kuchokera ku mabuku onse okhudza wolemba mabuku a robots. Imeneyi ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zowonongeka za ntchito za Azimov, momwe mavuto omwe ankakhala nawo nthawi zonse muntchito yake adatchulidwa molondola.

Panthawiyi mufilimuyi, vuto la kusintha kwa nzeru zakuthupi likuganiziridwa. Malamulo a roboti Isaac Asimov, omwe adamulenga mu 1942, adzathandiza pa chiwembucho. Malinga ndi iwo, robot imayenera kuteteza anthu ndipo sangawapweteke. Ayenera kumvera mbuye wake m'zinthu zonse, ngati izi siziphwanya lamulo lofunika kwambiri la roboti - kusasamala kwa munthu.

Mu filimuyi, nzeru zapamwamba za VIKI, ubongo wa kampani yaikulu kwambiri yopanga robot, ikuyamba pang'onopang'ono ndipo ikufika kumapeto kuti anthu akuyenera kutetezedwa kwa iwo okha, mwinamwake anthu adzawononga chilichonse chozungulira iwo. Mothandizidwa ndi ma robot atsopano atsopano, adatenga mzinda wonse. Pa nthawi yomweyo anthu akuphedwa. Wopanga chidziwitso cha Dal Spooner ndi othandizira kwa munthu wa kampani ndi robot Sunny amawononga VIKI. Mufilimuyi, vuto la kukana magalimoto amenewa ndi anthu, kudana nawo kumalimbikitsidwa.

Buku lina la Isaac Asimov la "Twilight" - filimu yotchedwa "Black Hole" yomwe ili ndi udindo waukulu. Izi ndizobwezeretsa kwaulere ntchito ya wolemba, yomwe ilibe pafupifupi zofanana ndizoyambirira.

Kuphatikiza pa machitidwe atatu otchukawa, ntchito za wolembayo zinapanganso mafilimu "Twilight", "Mapeto a Muyaya" ndi "Chikondi cha kanema."

Mphoto ndi mphoto

Azimov anali wonyada kwambiri chifukwa cha mphoto zake, makamaka pankhani ya malingaliro. Iwo ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha izi, ndipo izi sizosadabwitsa, kupatsidwa ntchito yodabwitsa ya wolemba ndi kulemba kwake kwa ntchito zolembedwa 500. Anapatsidwa mphoto zambiri "Hugo" ndi "Nebula", inali yopatsa mphoto ya Mphoto ya Thomas Alva Edison Foundation . Chifukwa cha ntchito yake yopanga mankhwala, Azimov adalandira mphoto ya American Chemical Society.

Mu 1987, mphoto yakuti "Nebula" Azimov inafotokozedwa modabwitsa - "The Great Master."

Moyo waumwini wa wolemba

Isake Asimov anali wopambana monga wolemba, koma moyo wa wolembayo sunali nthawi zonse. Mu 1973, atatha zaka 30 akukwatirana, adasudzula mkazi wake. Kuchokera m'banja lino pali ana awiri. M'chaka chomwecho, amakwatirana naye, Janet Jeppson.

Zaka zotsiriza za moyo wa wolemba

Iye sankakhala mochuluka kwambiri ndi miyezo ya dziko lakumadzulo - zaka 72. Mu 1983, Azimov anachitidwa opaleshoni - kupyolera opaleshoni pamtima. Pa nthawi yake, wolembayo anali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kupyolera mwazi wopereka. Palibe yemwe adakayikira kanthu kalikonse asanagwiritsidwe ntchito, pamene adapezeka kuti ali ndi AIDS. Matenda owopsa amachititsa impso kulephera, ndipo pa April 6, 1992, wolemba wamkuluyo anapita.