Yusuf Balasaguni: mafilimu achidule ndi cholowa cholenga

Yusuf Balasaguni (zaka 1020 (pafupifupi) - 1075) ndi wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka wa ku Turkic. Nkhaniyi idzaperekedwa ku biography yake. Kodi tingadziwe chiyani za munthu yemwe adakhala mu zaka khumi ndi chimodzi? Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amayenera kusonkhanitsa mwachidziwikire za iye. Pafupifupi zaka zoyambirira za woganiza ndi wolemba ndakatulo mwachidziwikire palibe chomwe chimadziwika. Koma m'nkhaniyi tidzakambirana zonse zomwe zilipo kwa ofufuza a ntchito ya filosofiyi kufikira lero.

Yusuf Balasaguni: mwachidule biography

Wofotokozera zam'tsogolo, wolemba ndakatulo ndi wolemba mabuku olemba mabuku anabadwa m'nthawi ya 1016-1020. Mumzinda wa Balasaguna. Kenaka inali likulu la dziko la Karakhanid. Mwa njira, mzindawu ulipo ndipo tsopano ku gawo la masiku ano a Republic of Kyrgyzstan. Koma kodi Balasagun anali kuti kwenikweni? Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti iyi ndi Tokmak yamakono pamphepete mwa Chu, kapena ili m'chigawo cha Zhambyl, pamtunda wapamwamba wa Aktobe. Mkulu wa dziko la Karakhanid unakopa akatswiri ndi aluso ochokera m'madera ena a Middle East. Pali lingaliro lakuti makolo a Yusuf Balasaguni adali anthu olemera. Mwinamwake iye anabwera kuchokera ku gulu la amalonda. Zirizonse zomwe zinali, Yusuf Balasaguni, yemwe mbiri yake, mwatsoka, yadzaza ndi malo osabisa, adalandira maphunziro apamwamba. Iye analankhula bwino Chiarabu ndi Farsi. Nthawi zambiri amamutcha Yusuf Khas Hajib. Izi sizina, koma mutu. Zimatanthauza "mtumiki wa khoti la wolamulira". Dzina lolemekezeka limeneli linapatsidwa kwa wolemba ndakatulo wa Tsar Kashgar, pamene adamupatsa ntchito ya moyo wake "Kutadgu bilig". Balasguni anamwalira mu 1074 kapena 1075. Iye anaikidwa mu Kashgar.

"Sayansi ya Chimwemwe", kapena "Chidziwitso cha Chisomo"

Zimadziwika kuti Yusuf Balasaguni analemba zolemba zambiri. Mwamwayi, imodzi mwa ntchito zake zonse zatifikira ife. "Kutadgu bilig" akhoza kumasuliridwa ngati "Kudziwa Chisomo" kapena "Sayansi yokhutira". Mabukhu athunthu a ndakatuloyi tsopano akusungidwa ku Uzbekistan, ku Institute of Oriental Studies at the Academy of Sciences. Nthano "Kudziwa Chisomo" yagawidwa m'mabatani zikwi zisanu ndi chimodzi mphambu makumi awiri mphambu makumi awiri, ndipo izi, pachokha, zigawidwa mitu 85. Mlembi analemba zoonjezerapo zitatu pazochitika zake, zomwe ziri ndi mitu itatu ndi nyambo zana limodzi ndi makumi awiri ndi zinayi. Kodi ntchito iyi ndi "Kutadgu bilig" yotani? Ngakhale kuti ntchitoyi yachitika m'malemba a ndakatulo, imasiyanitsidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha makhalidwe abwino. Ochita kafukufuku ambiri amaona kuti "Sayansi ya Chimwemwe" ndi filosofi, chifukwa kumeneko timapeza maumboni ambiri pa tanthauzo ndi kufunika kwa kukhalapo kwaumunthu, pa ubale pakati pa munthu ndi anthu.

Machiavelli wa Turkic?

Sitimayiwala kuti Yusuf Balasaguni analemba ntchito yake "Kutadgu bilig" kwa wolamulira wa Kashgar. Ndipo izi zimatithandizira kufanana ndi zolembedwa ndi "The Emperor", lolembedwa ndi woganiza za Chikhomwe cha Italy ku Niccolo Machiavelli. Anapereka ntchito yake kwa wolamulira ndi wolamulira wa Roma Cesare Borgia. Koma, mosiyana ndi Machiavelli, yemwe amatiphunzitsa kuti tigwirizane ndi mgwirizanowu ndikuwanyalanyaza, timakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi phindu lathu pandale kusiyana ndi anthu, ntchito ya Yusuf Balasaguni imalankhula china. Wafilosofi wam'zaka zapakati pa nthawi amapereka zofuna zake kwa wolamulira. Ayenera kukhala wophunzira, kumvetsetsa sayansi ndi luso, amayesetsa kupeza chidziwitso ndi chilungamo, kusamalira nkhani zawo. Zinganene kuti ndakatulo "Kutadgu bilig" ikhoza kuonedwa kuti ndilofunikira kwambiri pophunzira zilembo za Turkic.

Yusuf Balasaguny - wolemba mabuku

"Chidziwitso cha Chisomo" si nthano yokongola komanso ndondomeko zandale. Ntchitoyi, ambiri ofufuza kafukufuku Yusuf Balasaguni adatchulidwa kafukufuku woyamba m'chinenero cha Chiurkki. Zoonadi, "Chidziwitso cha Chisomo" chiri ndi zochuluka zedi za chidziwitso cha olemba komanso malingaliro osiyanasiyana omwe alipo m'madera osiyanasiyana a chikhalidwe ndi sayansi. Mu ntchitoyi, mfundo zokhudzana ndi sayansi ya zaka khumi ndi chimodzi zimapangidwa. Wolemba sazengereza kufotokoza udindo wake m'moyo. Ife tikuwona mu kutanthauzira kwafilosofi ya ntchito za mavuto a dziko lapansi. Ichi ndicho chikhalidwe cha munthu, ndi tanthauzo la moyo wake, malo ake ndi gawo lake m'chilengedwe ndi chilengedwe chonse. Tinganene kuti ntchito yolemba mabuku ya Balasaguni "Kutadgu bilig" idakali ndi chidziwitso chochuluka cha chikhalidwe chafilosofi komanso njira yokondweretsa komanso yolingalira. Ntchito imeneyi ndi chikhalidwe cha nthawi imeneyo.

Zopereka kwa mabuku

Kuwonjezera pa ntchito yopanga maumboni, tifunika kukumbukira kuti ndakatuloyi inalembedwa m'chinenero cha mtundu wina wa chi Turkki. Pa masamba ake timapezamo zitsanzo zabwino za mtundu wa fukoli. Chilankhulidwe chimene Yusuf Balasaguni analemba chilembo chake chosakhoza kufa "Kutadgu bilig" chinakhala maziko, maziko a chilankhulidwe cha masiku ano cha Uzbek.

Dziko lonse lapansi

Ngakhale pa moyo wa wolemba, ntchito yake "The Science of Happiness" inalandira ulemu. Ndipo osati wolamulira wa Kashgar yekha. Balasaguni mwiniwakeyo akudziwika bwino kwambiri pa imodzi mwa ntchito zomwe zachitika pambuyo pake. Mutu wa Khas Hajib unamulemekeza iye anakhala dzina lake lachiwiri. Wolemba analemba kuti ku Iran ntchito yake imatchedwa "Shahnamei Turki" (ndiko kuti "Shahname" ya Turkic), ndipo anthu okhala ku Arab East amachitchula ndakatulo "Kutadgu bilik" "Kukongoletsa kwa olamulira" ("Zinat al-madar"). Akatswiriwa amanena kuti ntchito imeneyi inathandiza kwambiri kuti mabuku achi Turkki asinthe kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma 500 mpaka m'ma 1500. Pano, ndakatulo "Kutadgu bilig" yasinthidwa m'zilankhulo zambiri zadziko lapansi. Ikhoza kuwerenga mu Chingerezi ndi Chijeremani. Yusuf Balasaguni mwiniwake, yemwe chithunzi chake chikhoza kuwonedwa ngakhale m'magazini oyendayenda, wakhala msilikali wa dziko la Kyrgyzstan. Iye anabadwa pa dziko lapansi lino. Mwachitsanzo, fanizo la wolemba ndakatulo wa ku Uighur amakongoletsa ndalama zapakhomo pa chikwi chimodzi.