Kodi Nekrasov NA anali ndi liti ndipo anafa liti? Kodi ndi chaka chiti chomwe Nekrasov anabadwa?

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov ndi imodzi mwa zodabwitsa mawu a Russian mabuku. Iye sanangokhala wofalitsa wopambana ndi wolemba wodabwitsa kwambiri mu tanthauzo lake ndi tanthauzo la ndakatulo za amayi. Nikolai Alekseevich anali wodziwika bwino kwambiri wodziŵa ntchito zamalonda amene anapeza ntchito yotchuka kwambiri yolembedwa ndi olemba olemba nthawi imeneyo m'buku lake lotchedwa Sovremennik. Ndipo owerenga ambiri akhoza kukhala ndi chidwi chodziwa nthawi yomwe Nekrasov anabadwira ndi kufa, mfundo zazikulu za moyo wake komanso moyo wake wolenga.

Zaka zaunyamata, kapena gawo la amayi osasangalala

Bambo Nikolai Alekseevich anali msilikali wa banja losauka, ndipo amayi anga, Alexandra Andreyevna Zakrevskaya, anabadwira ku Warsaw ndipo anali mwana wamkazi wa wolemekezeka. Msungwanayo analandira maphunziro abwino kwambiri ndi kulera bwino. Makolo ake, ndithudi, ankatsutsa ukwati ndi munthu wosaphunzira. Koma banjali linakwatirana motsutsana ndi chifuniro cha abambo ndi amayi. Ndipo ndithudi, mgwirizano uwu unali wosasangalala. Poyamba ankakhala m'chigawo cha Podolsk, komwe Nekrasov anabadwa mu 1821 pa November 22.

Nikolay kuyambira ali mwana adakumbukira momwe amayi ake akuvutikira, ndipo, mwina, ichi chinali chifukwa china cholembera ndakatulo zabwino kwambiri za amayi. Ntchito zonsezi zapeza kutchuka kwakukulu. Pamene Nekrasov wamng'onoyo anabadwa, Alexei Sergeevich, bambo wa wandakatulo wam'tsogolo, anasiya. Ndipo pasanapite nthawi iye anasamutsira mkazi wake ndi mwana wake ku nyumba ya banja. Miyezi yonse ya ana a Nikolai Alekseevich inadutsa pamenepo.

Kupita ku St. Petersburg, kapena Kukumana ndi mavuto oyambirira

Nekrasov ali wamng'ono kwambiri (anali pafupi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu zakubadwa) anasamukira ku Petersburg ali ndi mavuto aakulu. Anali ndi bukhu la zilembo zake zoyambirira, ndipo adali otsimikiza kuti mbiri ya ndakatuloyo ikanabwera kwa iye yekha. Ndipo ndithudi, chaka chotsatira Nikolai Alekseevich anasindikiza choyamba cholemba ndakatulo yotchedwa "Maloto ndi Mwamveka", koma kupambana sikunatsatire.

Mnyamatayu anayesera kukhala wodzipereka ku yunivesite ya St. Petersburg, ndipo ntchitoyi yaifupi kwambiri inatha. Panalibe kanthu koti azikhalamo, ndipo Nekrasov anaiwala zaka zingapo za kuyitana kwake kwakukulu. Anayamba kulemba makalata m'magazini osiyanasiyana komanso m'manyuzipepala, kenako anaphunzira vaudeville ndi prose. Izi zinali zaka zovuta kwambiri pa moyo wa Nikolai Alekseevich. Pamene Nekrasov anabadwira ndi kufa, ndizosangalatsa kudziwa, koma adakwanitsa bwanji kukhala ndakatulo wotchuka? Mwina izi zidzakhudzanso owerenga ambiri.

Zotsatira za almanac ndi kupambana kwakukulu

Moyo wa Nikolai Alexeyevich unasintha patatha zaka zingapo. Mu 1845, pamodzi ndi Ivan Panayev, wolemba mabuku wotchuka wa Chirasha, adafalitsa almanac awiri "The Physiology of Petersburg". Ndipo iwo anali kuyembekezera kupambana kwakukulu. Amuna amphamvu atsopano amawonekera kwa wowerenga Russian. Izi sizinali zachikondi, osati a duelists, koma anthu wamba a St. Petersburg: oyang'anira, ogulitsa-ziwalo, omwe akuponderezedwa ndipo amafunikira chifundo.

Pamene Nekrasov anabadwa, mwatsoka, mutu wa serfdom ndi kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu wamba unali udali wofunikira. Choncho, buku ili linali lothandiza kwambiri. Patapita chaka chimodzi Nikolai Alekseevich ndi Panayev amapita patsogolo. Amagula ufulu wofalitsa magazini "Contemporary". Iyo inali almanac yomweyi yomwe, m'zaka zomwe NA Nekrasov anabadwira, anali pansi pa utsogoleri wa Alexander Pushkin. Imachokera m'magazini ino, yomwe tsopano ndi Ivan Ivanovich Panayev ndi Nikolai Alekseevich, kuti mabuku atsopano achirasha ayambe.

Njira zatsopano m'magazini, kapena Nkhondo ya ufulu waumwini

Pamene Nekrasov Nikolay Alekseevich anabadwa, ndipo m'zaka zotsatira, olemba ndakatulo ndi olemba ambiri adatengedwa ndi mzimu wolimbana ndi ufulu wa umunthu wake . Ndipo kotero Nicholas amapanga mkonzi watsopano wa mkonzi, anayamba kuphunzitsa anthu mu anti-serfdom ndi demokarsiyeni, akusonkhanitsa zofunikira zazikulu zolemba m'magazini yake.

Mu theka lachiwiri la 1850 Nekrasov anaitanira Nikolay Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky ndi Nikolai Aleksandrovich Dobrolyubov ku Contemporary. Ndipo ngakhale ogwira ntchito akale sanagwirizane ndi izi, tsopano magazini yodalirika inapangidwa kuti ikhale yatsopano ya unyamata, ndipo kufalikira kwake kwawonjezeka kwambiri. Koma mu 1862 boma linaganiza zothetsa ntchito za "Contemporary".

Momwe mungakhalire wotchuka, kapena Publication pamasamba a almanac

Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1847 mabuku onse a Chirasha akhala akuwoneka kuti ndi ochepa kwambiri kwa gulu lofanana kwambiri la anthu ofanana. Kodi wina adziwapo nthawi imene NA Nekrasov anabadwira kuti zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, kuti akhale mlembi wotchuka kapena wolemba ndakatulo, ayenera kuwonetsa zolembera zake kwa iye kapena Panayev. Ndipo ngati iye akukonda atsogoleri awiri a "Okonzeka", ulemerero udzabwera ndithu.

Ena mwa olembawo anali Ivan Goncharov wotchuka, yemwe adafalitsa ntchito yake "Ordinary History" pamasamba a "Contemporary" almanac. Zotsatira zomwezo zinali kuyembekezera Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky, yemwe anali womasuka kwa wowerenga chifukwa cha magazini ino.

Zaka zambiri zomwe zinabweretsa wolemba ndakatulo

Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti Nekrasov anabadwa ndi kufa, koma ndi liti pamene iye anakhala wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka? Ndipo ulemerero unadza kwa iye pakati pa 1840. Koma sizinali zomveka. Zilembo zambiri za Nikolai Alekseevich zinkawoneka zochititsa mantha. Mwa iwo munali zochepa zojambula, malo ndi malingaliro apamwamba okhudzana ndi kukongola ndi zina zotero. Nekrasov amalemekeza makamaka zamakono komanso zosavuta tsiku lililonse.

Komabe, Nikolai Alekseevich mwiniwakeyo adaumirira kuti ndakatulo zamakono sizingakhale zokongola komanso zokongola. Ngati owerenga akukumbukira, ndi chaka chiti Nekrasov anabadwira, amvetsetsa kuti nthawi yaying'ono, yovuta kwambiri, yomwe imafuna ndakatulo yosiyana. Ndipo chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa mawu a wolemba ndi nyuzipepala ndi kupatsa, kulumikizana ndi zoona. Chikhumbo chofotokozera chenichenicho chiri chovomerezeka, monga mbiri, chakhala choyimira cha kalembedwe katsopano.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu muzolemba za ndakatulo

Nekrasov anapeza kuti mawu a Chirasha ndizochitika zatsopano m'tawuni. Mu ndakatulo ya Nikolai Alekseevich, tsatanetsatane wa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa anthu wamba akuwonetsedwa kwa nthawi yoyamba. Ndipo, ngakhalebe, mawu ake ndi nyimbo zosazolowereka. Pafupifupi ntchito iliyonse, mukhoza kumverera mwachidwi.

Osati kokha masiku ano, komanso pamene Nekrasov anabadwa ndi kufa, moyo wa anthu akumidzi ndi kumidzi unali wosiyana kwambiri. Nikolai Alekseevich, amene adawona moyo umenewu kuchokera kumbali zosiyanasiyana, anayamba kutsutsa ntchito zake. Ndipo ichi ndi chimodzimodzi chomwe chinakhala mfundo yaikulu mu mawu a Nikolai Alekseevich.

Kukula kwa njira yolenga

Ponena za mbiri ya chitukuko cha Nekrasov ngati ndakatulo, tikhoza kuzindikira nthawi zitatu zazikulu. Yoyamba inali yaifupi kwambiri. Iyi ndi nthawi yomwe kusonkhanitsa "Maloto ndi Kumveka" kunatulutsidwa. Ino ndi nthawi imene Nekrasov amayesa kulemba ngati Pushkin. Kudziwa chaka chomwe Nekrasov anabadwa, wowerengayo amadziwa kuti mphamvu za ntchito za Pushkin pa nthawiyo zinali zazikulu. Ndipo ena ake oyambirira ndakatulo Nikolai Alekseevich ngakhale quotes Alexander Sergeevich.

Nthawi yachiwiri ikugwirizana ndi tsiku lofalitsidwa ndi almanac "The Physiology of Petersburg". Apa Nekrasov akulemba zolemba za thupi, zojambula pamsewu, ndipo tsopano wolemba ndakatulo wosiyana kwambiri akuwonekera pamaso pa owerenga. Iye akudziwa kale zomwe ayenera kulemba, Mphamvu ya Pushkin yatha. Iye ali ndi chidwi ndi tsogolo la oponderezedwa, manyazi, moyo wawo wosavuta ndi zina zotero. Ndipo kale mu nthawi yachitatu mungathe kuona momwe Nikolai Alekseevich akukhala ndakatulo wamkulu, yemwe ali woteteza anthu, wolemba ndakatulo.

Asanakhale ndi thanzi labwino, Nikolai Alekseevich anadwala nthawi yomaliza mu 1877 ndipo posakhalitsa anamwalira. Ngakhale kuti kunali kozizira kwambiri komwe kunaima pa tsiku la maliro ake, kunena kuti akutsutsana naye kunabwera anthu ambiri. Aliyense anamvetsa kutaya kosasinthika komwe kunachitika ndi mabuku a Chirasha ndi kuchoka kwa Mlengi wamkulu uyu.