Zolakwa kulankhula: zoyimira ndi zitsanzo

Anthu onse kamodzi pa moyo, kulola zolakwa kulankhula. Zitsanzo za chiwerengero masauzande ambirimbiri, makamaka ngati nkhawa Chirasha, amene, monga ife tikudziwira, wolemera zosiyanasiyana. Koma muyenera kulankhula mwanzeru, choncho ndi bwino kuchita chitukuko kulankhula. Chitukuko awo ayenera kudziwa mitundu zolakwa kulankhula zimene kulibe, chochita kupewa ntchito zawo.

Kulankhula ndi kulunjika ake

Kulankhula - ndi umboni gulu kuti mwachindunji ndazindikira sachiza. Ndi chizindikiro zofunika chikhalidwe cha anthu, maganizo ndipo, ndithudi, nzeru. Ngakhale akulankhula, mungaphunzire zinthu zambiri, kumvetsa zovuta za anthu, chikhalidwe, ndi kupereka mauthenga kukambirana njira. Koma zolakwa kuchita chirichonse - onse pakamwa ndi kulemba. Ndipo kuti tikwaniritse ulemerero mwa mawu a chidziwitso cha chinenero cha Chirasha, m'pofunika kudziwa zolakwa zonse - kuyambira stylistic kutha kulankhula. Choyamba, Ndikufuna kukhudza mfundo. ndi zimene zolakwa kulankhula chinenero cha Chirasha? Izi zopatuka alipo malamulo chinenero. Inu mukhoza bwinobwino kukhala mbukhonda kudziwa za iwo, koma mmene bwino kulankhula ndi ena a munthu - ndi funso. Mwina basi sanazimvetse.

katchulidwe

M'pofunikanso mwachidule atchule zolakwa kulankhula alipo m'chinenero Russian. Choncho ichi ndi katchulidwe, lexical, phraseological, stylistic, orthographic, morphological, zopumira, ndipo potsiriza malembedwe. Kwa woyamba ndi zolakwa zimene zakhala chifukwa kuphwanya orthoepy. Zolakwa ambiri kulankhula chinenero cha Chirasha. Ngati munthuyo anena, mmalo mwa "pafupifupi" mawu "chifukwa" ndi kusokoneza ka ( "mowa" - "Mowa"), amachepetsa "chikwi" "zikwi" - kutanthauza kuti amalola zinawafutapo ngati kuti kuchigwiritsa n'zochititsa manyazi.

lexicology

Kuyankhula za mitundu ya zolakwa kulankhula, sitingathe bwanji cholinga mawu. Iwo ali zachilendo. Zikuphatikizapo zinawafutapo iwo zimachitika chifukwa cha ntchito mawu kapena mawu mu tanthauzo lofanana, amene ali uncharacteristic kwa iwo. Choncho pamfundo mitundu morphemic mawu ndi malamulo a ofananira zamalankhulidwe. Mwa njira, mu lexicography alinso gulu la zolakwa kulankhula. Pali mitundu itatu. Zimatanthauza loyamba ndikusakaniza mawu amene ali pafupi ndi mtengo. Ena amakwanitsa kuchita zimenezi motere: ". Ine adzaima pa phazi" Mtundu chachiwiri - chisakanizo cha mawu ofanana mu phokoso. Kumachitika nthawi zambiri: Single - wamba, clarinet - mphalasa, escalator - excavator etc. Pomaliza, mtundu chachitatu cha zolakwa - ndi osakaniza a mawu ofanana ndi kulira, ndi momveka. Nthawi zambiri kusokonezedwa ndi kopita addressee, ndi dipuloma ndi nthumwi za. Sitingathe kunena za "kukopera" zolakwa. Kukhala enieni, zolemba pa mawu sanali sakupezeka. Mwachitsanzo, "gruzinets", "motovschik", "geroichestvo" etc.

ofananira zamalankhulidwe

Kulakwila tanthauzo la mawuwo mwa kuyambitsa mu izo mawu cholakwika - kumakhalanso kawirikawiri zolakwa kulankhula. Zitsanzo zikhoza otengedwa m'moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku: "Ndapereka mkate uwu." Kotero sitingathe kunena, chifukwa "kwerani" - njira kusuntha chinachake. Tilandire A - ndi mawu wapadera. Nyamulani zawo sizikugwira ntchito. Choncho ndi bwino mu nkhani iyi ndi "mkate" m'malo mawu "galasi" kapena wina mmalo mwa "Nyamulani" kunena kuti "kulankhula". Nthawi onse adzatero mwanzeru ndi molondola. Mwa njira, mu chitsanzo chomwecho, tingathe kumvetsa mmene kudziwa zolakwa kulankhula ndi chochita kupewa amenewo. Musanayambe kutchula mawu, kulondola amene pali kukayika kulikonse, tiyenera kukumbukira mawu akuti ntchito zomangamanga ake. Monga momwe zilili ndi chitsanzo pamwamba. Komanso wamba mu mawu a tautology, ndipo otchedwa pleonasm. Dama osakaniza mawu awiri amene ali ofanana kwathunthu. Kwambiri konyezimira chitsanzo - ndi mawu oti "mzinda waukulu." Bwino kumanena kuti "mudzi waukulu". Ndipotu, "mzinda" latembenuzidwa, chifukwa si koyenera pano kuwonjezera tanthawuzo la "chachikulu". Kuganizira, kotero chirichonse chimene ine ndikufuna kuti ndinene, tidzapewa kwambiri cha zolakwa. Komanso, maphunziro amenewa kukhala kulankhula ndi kuganiza. Kenako tautology. Ndi zonse monga "ndinawona kanema," "mivi", "Khalani Job", "Ine ndinapanga tagwirizana," etc. Ndiye kupulumutsa ofanana matanthauzo - mawu amodzi akhoza m'malo ndi wina - ndi mawu kuyang'ana kwambiri zomveka.

Morphological ndi syntactic umbuli

Maganizo ndi zolakwa kulankhula zokhudzana ndi morphological, mungathe kumva tsiku lililonse - mu msika, kumalo okwerera sitima, pa msewu, mu sitolo. Tikuyankhula zokhudza mapangidwe cholakwika la mawu. Anthu amene ali ndi lamulo wabwino wa Russian, izi "ngale" khutu odulidwa. Tiyeni tinene, "ankaimba pa limba", "panali deshevshe", "wina jinzi", "ndi matawulo," etc. Pankhaniyi, inu muyenera kuloweza mawu, osati kudyedwa m'njira yolakwika. zolakwa malembedwe amaphatikiza mawu olakwika. "Esenina Kuwerenga anachititsa chidwi kwambiri," - apa pali funso zomveka, kuwerenga ntchito zake, kapena ngati iye kuwerenga SERGEY Aleksandrovich? Kapena Mwachitsanzo, kukana kuti: "Pa shelefu pali zambiri zitini" - pali bwino asamadye ovomerezeka. Ndipo pali zambiri zitsanzo zina. Anthu ena amati ngozi, mofulumira, pamene ena - chifukwa cha kusadziwa. Mulimonsemo m'pofunika kukonza yokha gwero si Goliyati osaphunzira.

malamulo kulemba

Galamala ndi zolankhula zolakwa anthu kupanga, osati mu ndondomeko kulankhulana moyo. Anthu ambiri amavomereza zinawafutapo pa correspondences, malipoti, kulemba malemba. Zikuphatikizapo masipelo. Kulola kuti munthu chifukwa chakuti iye sadziwa umo kupirira, kulemba kapena kuchepetsa mawu. Iwalani kuika awiri "nn" m'malo mwa munthu, mmalo mwa "pa" kulemba "ndi" kunyalanyaza zizindikiro zofewa mu mathero a kasewenzetsedwe ka mau mu "yakumadzulo". Zolakwa kungakhale zazing'ono (Mwachitsanzo, anthu akumanidwa kalata, akusowa ndi makiyi), ndipo pali Frank ndi absurdities. Panalinso choncho kumene wophunzira mawu "kanyama" zolakwa anayi polemba "iosh". Komabe, ili ndi mwana amene angoyamba kumene kuphunzira, koma pamene akulu unachitikira umunthu kupanga zinawafutapo chotheka, ndi osachepera zachilendo. Chifukwa muyenera kukhala ndi njira yolongosoka mawu ake, monga iwo amati, osati kuti atsekerezedwa.

Nzeru zolankhula

Mawu athu zomveka - amadziwika onse. Chifukwa tiyenera kuyesetsa kuti kuswa ubale causal, kuti muphonye ulalo mu amakumana, osati musanjenso mbali ya pempholo ndipo, ndithudi, sichoncho "athamangadi" patsogolo maganizo ake. Kuti bwino maganizo awo, m'pofunika nkhaniyo kuti zimene angaphunzire ndi interlocutors. Si ovuta, inu muyenera kuganizira wanu.

Gawo yaitali

kulankhula zolakwika zambiri, zitsanzo zomwe zikusonyeza bwinobwino zimene kwenikweni ichi kapena icho chilema ankafunsidwa. Koma kwenikweni, izi mitundu "zinawafutapo" nthawi zambiri kukodzedwa gulu la zolakwa kulankhula, motero, zambiri voluminous. Mwachitsanzo, zolakwa operekedwa ntchito wosavomerezedwa mawu ena. "Zikomo inu adadwala" - umafuna ngati imeneyi ndi chofala kwambiri. Ntchito mawu akuti "zikomo" n'zosatheka, popeza ali osiyana kwambiri maganizo. Ndipo nthawi zina anthu kulakwitsa chotero, chomwe ngakhale zikumveka mopusa. Mwachitsanzo, "" mphuno, "Gogol ladzala ndi mtima wonse wa" kapena "pabwalo analowa akavalo awiri. Amenewa anali ana Tarasa Bulby "- ndi zopanda kwambiri kudya mawu. Mwa njira, zolakwa kulankhula mulinso umphawi, mawu anthu. Kawirikawiri izi chifukwa mawu ake ang'onoang'ono. Amagwiritsa ntchito mawu omwewo akubwerezedwa ambiri. Izinso ayenera kuzipewa.

chitukuko kulankhula

Poganizira zolakwa malankhulidwe, zitsanzo zimenezi ndi kumveketsa khalidwe la anachokera, Tingathe kuona bwino nkhani - si mophweka. Koma pafupifupi aliyense akufuna anene kotero ankamumvetsa. Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera zonse ntchito pa nokha ndi zolankhula zanu, ntchito. Momwe mungapewere zolakwa kulankhula? Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera kuwerenga zopeka, kukaona zisudzo, zinthu zakale ndi malo, kukambirana ndi anthu anzeru ndi ophunzira. Zonsezi ndi zofunika pofuna kuwonjezera mawu awo ndi nzeru mwa mawu a ntchito mawu ena. Mwa njira, inu Pali kufanana pakati pa chitukuko ichi kulankhula ndiponso kuphunzira chinenero. Ndipotu, aliyense akudziwa kuti munthu kolowa mwa chilengedwe chinenero, assimilates bwino. Pankhaniyi, chinthu chomwecho - kwambiri kulankhulana ndi anthu woyenera ndi kupereka nthawi kwa zinthu chikhalidwe, mukhoza kukhala bwino ophunzira.