The dongosolo odana ndi mavuto a boma chifukwa cha 2015. likulu mavuto kasamalidwe

Zaka zoyambirira za zaka za, komabe wotchedwa "Putin nyengo" m'mbiri ya dziko anakhalabe nthawi yovutayi ndithu. Kukula bwino chuma Russian pa dzanja limodzi analola kuwuka kwa Chitaganya cha Russia mu echelon woyamba wa utsogoleri wa dziko, ngakhale ndi sakwanitsa ndi mfundo za atsogoleri ena ndi chuma.

Komano, mavuto nthawi zaka kwambiri kugwedeza Russia kuti anamva Russia kwambiri. A nthawi makamaka kovuta kuti abwere pakati pa 2010s, pamene roughness zachuma superimposed pa kuzirala zakunja, ndi mayiko Western anazolowera kulumikiza zosiyanasiyana ziletso ndi dziko lathu.

Kuwonjezeka mavuto chuma

2014 anakhala mmodzi wa zovuta kwambiri kwa dziko lathu ndi anthu onse m'nthawi ino. Kugwa mitengo chimasanduka, zinthu zoopsa zimene zinawachitikira mu Ukraine, chimene chinapangitsa wonse osiyanasiyana ziletso ndi dziko lathu, kuchuluka mitengo kufufuma ... onse zinachititsa kuti mavuto mmene chuma chikuyendera m'dzikoli. A kuchepetsa kwambiri mtengo wa ndalama dziko, kuchepetsa mankhwala aakulu m'banja ndi kukula kufufuma anali zimayambitsa chuma vutoli, aumbike mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za chuma Russian.

Anthu a dziko mu 2014 sizidzakumbukiridwa kwa kuwonjezeka lalikulu mu mtengo chakudya, katundu kugwa mu mtengo wa nkhokwe ndalama chifukwa ruble devaluation. Chaka chonse mlingo wa ruble Russian kokha mwaunyinji anachepetsedwa kawiri, pomenyana ndi umoyo wa anthu ndi dziko lonse. Mfundo njira ya Bank ku Central kusunga mlingo wa ruble ndi chifukwa cha cutbacks m'matangadza ndalama anathandiza dziko madola mabiliyoni makumi asanu ndi anayi, kuwuka mu mitengo osachepera khumi peresenti makumi awiri ndi kugwa kwa miyezo ya moyo wa anthu ambiri a ku Russia.

kusintha Anti-mavuto

The vuto mu dziko ali kukakamizidwa boma kuchoka kuganizira za ndondomekoyi mu chuma ndi kukwaniritsa zina zovuta njira mavuto kasamalidwe kusunga mlingo panopa, monga anthuwo kukonzanso chuma anali osamveka, ndi zina palimodzi kuvutika zinthu. Kukula kwa dongosolo odana ndi mavuto boma inayamba mu 2014. January 28, 2015, ndi Zikatha zokambirana ndi mtsutso pa boma, Baibulo chomaliza cha zochita linasindikizidwa m'chaka panopa.

Dongosolo la boma odana ndi mavuto munali mfundo makumi asanu ndi anachita mwanzeru ndithu ndi wathunthu. Pa izo ankaganiza kuchepetsa pang'onopang'ono boma ndalama m'chaka panopa pa mbali yaikulu ya m'dera zachuma ndi gawo khumi kenako zaka zitatu, chaka chilichonse - peresenti asanu. Kwenikweni boma dongosolo bailout pofuna kuchepetsa zinthu zazing'ono ndalama. Social, thanzi, maphunziro, asilikali chuma chenicheni si bwanji.

Dongosolo la boma la Chitaganya cha Russia odana ndi mavuto

The zigawo zikuluzikulu za dongosolo womulera m'gulu:

• Support inatha ndi katundu wa chuma zoweta pa yotakata mankhwala osiyanasiyana, osati zopangira, komanso mankhwala mafakitale.
• Support kwa mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe ndi kuchepetsa ndalama ndi malamulo ndalama, chithandizo ndi malamulo.
• Malipiro a zina zomvetsa inflationary zigawo yovuta kwambiri kwa anthu (okalamba, ana asukulu, mabanja akuluakulu, amayi osakwatiwa, etc.) ndi opereka ankamvetsa, ndalama zina za malipilo, ubwino, ubwino chikhalidwe ndi zina zotero.
• Kutsitsa mwamphamvu kwambiri msika ntchito ndi kulimbikitsa ntchito zipatso, onse mu mzindawu ndiponso oyang'anira zigawo.
• Kukhathamiritsa wa ndalama bajeti mwa kudziwika ndi kuchepetsa malorezultativny, akupanga zinthu pa njira zofunika kwambiri kwa Kukonza ndi kukhazikitsa malonjezo boma.
• ziwembu Development ukhondo vuto Kugwirizana ndi matupi systemically zofunika.

likulu boma

Kuti n'chongoletsa kukula mavuto azachuma, mavuto kasamalidwe likulu la boma Russian unakhazikitsidwa. timitengo amenewa amachitika pa mayiko ena onse a dongosolo mphamvu kwa onse Russian kwa mzinda ndipo Pilirani. Likulu yemweyo kukhala mu kuphangira zopangira, mu lalikulu, sing'anga ndi yaing'ono mayanjano mafakitale kwa odana ndi mavuto bata.

Education likulu mavuto kasamalidwe ogwirizana misinkhu yonse kuchokera Makampani m'dera payekha ndi mautumiki boma kutsutsa zachilengedwe negative.

Ntchito za boma pa nthawi ya mavuto

Ngakhale angapo miyeso osiyana odana ndi mavuto, ndipo ambiri mwa nkhawa nkhani ziwiri:

1. Neutralization kugwa mitengo mafuta ndi gasi kupanga. Mtengo wa chimasanduka lolimba amadza zokwanira pa mitundu ina ya zipangizo. Kwa Russia, ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha yaiwisi zipangizo makampani, kugwa mu mafuta ndi gasi mitengo akhala ovuta kwambiri mavuto china.
2. Kutsutsa ziletso ndi m'mayiko (Europe ndi America).

Ambiri, pulogalamu Chili miyeso odana ndi mavuto okwana 2.3 thililiyoni. rubles. mazana asanu ndi biliyoni makumi asanu amayenera inasamutsidwa kuchoka ku mabungwe a zachuma boma akumeneko mu "Vnesheconombank" (300 biliyoni) ndi mabanki ena (biliyoni 250). Iwo anakonza kuonjezera capitalization mabungwe ndalama kwambiri makamaka buku la thililiyoni imodzi rubles.

nkhani njira SME

Kukula kwa odana ndi mavuto strategy zikugwirizana ndi malangizo a kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa msonkho pa mabizinezi ang'onoang'ono. pansi pa misonkho chosavuta chiwembu unatengedwa m'madera angapo. Voliyumu ya zopereka kuvomerezedwa yafupika ku asanu peresenti wina, ndi kusiyana pakati revenues ndi ndalama - kuchokera khumi ndi zisanu ndi peresenti theka.

Biliyoni makumi asanu rubles anali amati ndi kulimbitsa gawo la ulimi kwa makumi awiri biliyoni - kuthandiza msika ntchito ndi biliyoni makumi awiri rubles anakonza kuti zigwire kwa olimba mu gawo mafakitale. Ndi izi gawo la chuma anali mwachangu kukhala pulogalamu ya inatha M'MALO.

kasamalidwe vuto la boma

Kuvuta kwa zinthu pa dziko zafika pamlingo kuti si akuchitira kwa izo boma sakanakhoza. Dongosolo la kayendetsedwe mavuto Kodi zotsatira za ntchito za akuluakulu. kasamalidwe Crisis ndi mtundu wa utsogoleri kuti kumachitika zinthu zopanikiza vuto la zachuma lomwe. Malangizo akulankhula osati kusokonekera kwa chuma, koma azisinthidwanso m'munda wa ulimi ndi m'mafakitale, malonda, gawo kubanki. Envisaged review cha ubale pakati pa boma ndipo likulu payekha. Khalidwe la mtima wosamala kuti dera chikhalidwe - boma sanafune kudula penshoni, maphunziro, ubwino chikhalidwe.

Zochita za boma Russian Federation

Kafukufuku kanthu boma nthawi yamavuto ndi kosiyana pandunji pa zabwino ndi akatswiri boma kuti zoipa kwambiri otsutsa. Koma chinthu chimodzi ndi zina - kugwa kwa chuma anapita mayendedwe yosalala, kutsitsa zowonetsera zachuma osati ndinazembera kuphompho: mu 2016 kufufuma anafika pakati pa eyiti ndi khumi peresenti khumi kapena khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi peresenti mu mawerengedwe njira payekha. mlingo wa chitukuko anali poyerekezera mwachindunji chakuti mmene lolimba adzakhala malamulo a boma, limapeza mankhwala zoweta kugwa ndi mmodzi kuti anayi peresenti pa mitengo zonse. Russian bajeti chifukwa kutsegula ruble chinatsekedwa ndi kuchepekedwa zolimbitsa. Inde, mbali ina ya ntchito ofooka wa boma m'madera ena tingafunike kusintha chuma m'tsogolo: kuchepa miyezo ya moyo wa ku Russia, vuto la ena makampani ngakhale nthambi payekha. Koma kugwa kwa chuma Russian, amene anali kuyembekezera angapo ofufuza zoweta ndi achilendo, sizidzachitika.

chuma Russia mu zaka kubwera

M'zaka 2015-2016 mmene chuma chikuyendera mu Russia makamaka anabwereza nineties, koma mosiyana ndi zoyembezereka za pessimists ambiri, kwathunthu chinachitikira ndi iye:

• ruble ndi dollar anakwana rubles makumi asanu ndi awiri;
• kugwa mu mtengo mafuta nthawi zina zosakwana madola twente pa mbiya;
• kukula mtengo anafika khumi peresenti makumi awiri pa mwezi;
• kugwa ndalama kwenikweni mpaka kufika zana pa zana, ndi zina zotero.

Komabe, kugwa yomaliza ya kanjedza zinali zambiri zolimbitsa ndipo ngakhale ena anasinthira inayamba mu 2017, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti vuto (kapena mavuto - malinga ndi maganizo) pang'ono ndi pang'ono kuthetsa.