Tsoka ndi mbiri Stepana Razina

umboni zopelekedwa pamene Stepan Razin anabadwa kumeneko. Komabe, tsiku limeneli akhoza anachokera ku owonjezera. Mwachitsanzo, munthu wa ku Netherlands Yan Yansen Streiss, anapita Russia, anakumana ndi wotchuka kangapo kupanduka. Mu Maulendo Ake analemba kuti 1670, Razin anali 40, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti anabadwa padziko 1630.

Mfundo ndi Tsatanetsatane

olondola umadziwika yekha kuti wotchuka Ataman anabadwa mu Don. Wambiri Stepan Razin idayamba watsopano wa dera Volgograd, kumene m'zaka XVII panali zambiri m'midzi Cossack ndi m'midzi. moyo wake inamera zoyambitsidwa ambiri ndi nkhani kuti anali kale nthawi. Wambiri Stepan Razin anakhala chinthu cha ulemu pa Cossacks. mbiri anali nazo Emelyan Pugachev, amene pa kulakwa kwake amatchulidwa kawirikawiri kalambulabwalo.

Mu 1652 mbiri Stepana Razina kudzadza zofunika chochitika chomaliza. Iye akukhala mtsogoleri. Patapita zaka khumi, Stenka nawo ntchito yochotsa Crimea Khan. Kuwonjezera Cossacks ndi, Kalmyks anali m'gulu la asilikali ndi Cossacks. Pamene Russia kumbuyo kwa Crimea Chitata ndi strata lalikulu la asilikali ufulu panayi kum'mwera.

Pa Razin iye anali ndi mchimwene Ivan. Iye anali Ataman ya Don. Cossacks wake anali Freestyle wolemekezeka ndi ankhanza, nchifukwa chake nthawi zonse anali kulimbana ndi atumiki achifumu. Bwanamkubwa Moscow Yuri Dolgoruky pa skirmish wotereyo analamula wa Ivan cha kusamvera. Iwo adzaika Stepan motsutsa ufumu.

Zimene zikuchitika ku Cossacks

XVII atumwi onse analitcha "buntashnogo" chifukwa kawirikawiri zolakwa wamba. Anthu a m'mudzimo unayamba kugwa mu nsinga ndi nzika, pambuyo mu 1649 anaganiza Conciliar code. Wamba anathawa ku ukapolo ku Don, kumene othawa kwawo anali kuperekedwa. Ndi 70 chaka TH kum'mwera kwa dziko wakhala anapeza ndalama yaikulu otembenuka Cossacks latsopano. wosanjikiza wakhala kusintha kwa aliuma kwambiri zakayendesedwe ka lachifumu, zomwe ambiri mlandu chithandizo kum'lakwira anthu akumidzi.

Wamba, amene anakhala Cossacks amatchedwa "golutvennymi". Adawachita moyo ndi kufunkha za zombo pa Volga. Akale kuyang'ana pa zinthu kudzera zala zawo ...

Yapaderayi ku Persia

Mu 1667 mtsogoleri wa kumuwombera anayamba Stepan Razin. Mwachidule yonena mtsogoleri mu bukhu la mbiriyakale zikuphatikizapo otchula ntchito yochotsa Persia. Inde, anali woyamba lalikulu zinachitikira asilikali wochirimika mtsogoleri. Mu malire m'munsi wa Volga Cossacks agwidwa amalonda ake ndipo ngakhale sitima za kholo lakale Joasaph. Ndi detachment paulendo gulu lonselo ankaliphera pamodzi anagwirizana antchito boatmen ndi anthu ena, ankasakidwa mu mtsinje zombo.

amalonda wakubayu sankasamala za Moscow, umene unali kutali kwambiri. Koma pamene Cossacks musketeers anagonjetsedwa ndipo ngakhale analanda mzinda Yaitsky, malire mwachizolowezi wa chovomerezeka akhala linaphwanya.

Mu latsopano 1668, pambuyo wintering pa asilikali Yaik Razin tidapita ku Nyanja Caspian. Apa ndi nthawi yoyamba takumana ndi magulu a pa Shah ya Perisiya. Razin anagwirizana Circassians ndi anthu ena a ku North Caucasus. Ndi mphamvu zimenezo July Russian anamenyana ndi Aperisiya nkhumba kwa chilumbachi. Zinali m'banja chigonjetso chachikulu pa nyanja m'zaka XVII. Nkhondo zinachitika pafupi Baku. Aperisiya anagonjetsedwa, ndi Cossacks anapita kupanga. Koma popeza kuti anali Kusakhazikika, otsiriza kuloŵa Astrakhan, kumene iwo anatenga kazembe wa mfumu.

wotchuka kugalukira

Chaka chotsatira, a mbiri Stepana Razina zinali zodzaza ndi lotseguka kuukira mfumu. Iye anatumiza makalata kum'mwera kwa dziko amene dzina aliyense apeza kuti agwirizane naye. Komanso, pamene panali mwambo wa imposters amene amangopezerapo mwayi Stepan Razin. Mwachidule yonena mtsogoleri anapitiriza iye anafalitsa mphekesera anali asilikali pali wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu Alexei, ndipotu posachedwapa wakufayo. Pamenepo mfumu ankamenyana ndi mabishopu, Tikhon, amene anatengedwa kupita ku ukapolo. Ntchito imeneyi, Razin ananenanso kuti wansembe ndi kuthandiza iye. Wamba sanafune umboni, amakhala ofunitsitsa kupita pansi mbendera yake.

Popular thandizo wathandiza kugwila Razin Astrakhan, Saratov, Samara ndi Tsaritsyn. Kupita kumtunda, ndi Cossacks anali pafupi Simbirsk. Kuzinga inayamba mu 1670. dongosolo anadzipereka Razin Stepan Timofeyevich. Ataman yonena limanena kuti moyo wa Cossack wolimba Anapachikidwa mu muyezo. Iye anapita kwambiri kuti kugonjetsedwa kuti si bwino kumusiya mwayi kuti apulumuke.

Kugonjetsedwa ndi chilango

Nthawiyi, Moscow kwapita ndi asilikali okwana 60,000. Razintsy anagonjetsedwa ndi anakankhira kumbuyo kwa Simbirsk. Stepan anathamanga, koma analephera kupambana thandizo la Cossacks, amene sanafune kukhala doghouse lapansi. Chifukwa, Razin anagwidwa ndi comrades wake yemwe wadutsa kwa mfumu mu April 1671. June 6 mtsogoleri wa kugalukira otchuka akhala panayi.

Inachitika mu Moscow pa Bolotnaya Square, kumangiriza kwa ena onse. Komabe, anthu akukumbukirabe amene Razin Stepan Timofeevich. Mwachidule yonena mtsogoleri anakhala maziko ambiri wowerengeka nyimbo zimene zatchuka lero.