Vera Horuzhaya: yonena ndi chithunzi

Mu likulu la Belarus, Minsk, pali msewu umene chikutchedwa ndi heroine wa Civil ndi Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo - Chikhulupiriro Zakharovna Horuzhei. Wamba Chibelarusi mkazi anafera ufulu wa dziko lakwawo ndi anthu ake. Iye anali kupereka mutu Hero wa Soviet Union akamwalira. Kodi anapanga chintchito Khoruzhaya Vera Zakharovna? Limeneli muphunzira nditawerenga nkhani.

Childhood B. Horuzhei

Wambiri Khoruzhey inayamba mu 1903, pa 27 September. Zikuoneka kuti kuunika m'chigawo Bobruisk, Minsk, mu banja la akuluakulu Chibelarusi. Bambo anga anali wapolisi mpaka 1908, ulova kwa zaka zingapo, ndiye ntchito monga kapitawo pa kukhetsa malo m'madambo. Zitasintha, iye anali kutumikira mu mabungwe osiyana; Iye anafa mu 1940. Mayi ake anali mayi wokhala pakhomo.

A nthawi yochepa makolo ake anasamukira ku mzinda wa Mozyr, amene Vera Zaharovna Horuzhaya anaphunzitsidwa pa sukulu ya galamala ndi sukulu gawo II, amene anatha kumaliza mu 1919. Wogwira ntchito pafamu ankayenera kugwira ntchito, ndiye mphunzitsi m'mudzi wa Polesie.

achibale ake anali kunja kwa ndale, koma mtsikana akadali mnyamata oyambirira zoyenera yekha mosasintha Bolshevik mfundo.

kumenyana ubwana

Pa zaka 16 Khoruzhaya Vera zithunzi kuti ndi mwayi onani nkhani yakuti, anati tiwonana banja lake kunyumba ndi kupita kukamenyana kutsogolo. Monga mbali ya Red Army Komsomol detachments CHUN, yodzipereka, Vera nawo nkhondo ndi timu ya General Bulak-Balakhovich. Mu 1920, iye anakhala membala wa Komsomol, nkulowa chipani mu 1921.

Atamaliza imene asilikali Vera Zaharovna Horuzhaya anaphunzitsa ana kusukulu, ndipo kenako woyang'anira maphunziro a ndale dipatimenti mu komiti chigawo cha Komsomol mu Mozyr ndi Bobruisk. luso lake mochititsa chidwi kulinganiza ndi chithumwa asiya kukhala mmodzi wa atsogoleri Komsomol.

Kodi waona Chikhulupiriro m'nthawi?

Contemporary ananena chithunzi ake, anaona kuti Vera, ngati icho chinali kutchedwa, maso imvi ndi kum'chitira bluish, achinyengo ndi losonyeza. Kunali kuwala bulauni tsitsi mkazi ndi tsitsi lalifupi pang'ono lopotana ndi tsitsi disheveled. Chikhulupiriro sangathe kutchedwa kukongola, unali kudziŵa ndi kukongola, iye anali okhota ndi lakuthwa. Komabe, iye anali wokongola kwambiri. nkhope yake unali wokoma kwambiri ndi zabwino kumwetulira zidawala wake. Iye anali wochepa, wamtali, wodzala ndi mphamvu, mphamvu, nakantha kukondwera ndi chikondi cha moyo wake.

Ndi chikhalidwe cha mfundo truth-, Zakharovna Chikhulupiriro anali wothandiza wa choonadi chenicheni, saopa kufotokoza maganizo ake, chikapanda sizigwirizana ndi msilikali.

Khoruzhaya osati okhawo amene amalemekezedwa komanso amamukonda. Anaphunzira kwakukuru, ndi nzeru izi mwamsanga oyendetsa okha zinthu, n'zosavuta kukumbukira. Vera Horuzhaya nawo nyuzipepala, ntchito pagulu la Komsomol.

Mu Komsomol

Pambuyo sukulu maphunziro chipani Vera Khoruzhaya kuti ndikagwire ntchito mu Komiti Central, Komsomol a Belarus. Pa nthawi yomweyo akuyamba kufalitsa woyamba zolembalemba ndi journalistic nkhani zake. ntchito zake, kutentha ouziridwa, anadzazidwa ndi changu achinyamata ndi chidwi olemba aakulu amene anakhalako. Ankadziwa iwo akutsutsana zimaonekera zilandiridwenso ake journalistic ndi luso.

Patapita kanthawi pang'ono, izo anawaika kukhala mkonzi wa nyuzipepala ya Komsomol "Young wolima". Koma mu ntchito imeneyi kwa nthawi yaitali ntchito ndi Vera Zakharovna analephera.

Yambani zinthu mobisa

Chifukwa cha Chipolishi Russian Nkhondo ya 1920-1921. Poland wotanganidwa madera a Western Belarus. M'madera wotanganidwa boma latsopano anayesa kuphunzira m'deralo anthu chiyambi Chibelarusi, Polonised izo.

Horuzhaya Vera Zaharovna, amene yonena wakhala chitsanzo cha kulimba mtima ndi ulemu, nthawi zonse chinang'ambika malo ovuta kwambiri. Kumayambiriro a 1924 iye anazimiririka ku Minsk. Iwo anatumiza kwa wotanganidwa gawo Polish kulinganiza zinthu ndi zigawenga. Iye amakhala zapadnobelorusskogo mlembi wa Komsomol ndipo nthawi yomweyo osankhidwa membala wa Party Communist derali. Chifukwa cha Kukwezeleza yogwira Horuzhei chiwerengero inalowa mu chitsutso yogwira ntchito obwerawo Polish chikuwonjezereka.

Young partiyka Vera Khoruzhaya anayamba misewu zovuta ndi zoopsa za kulimbana mobisa. Iye ankayenera kuti azikhalabe ndi kuchita ntchito pokumana ndi mavuto adzaoneni: apolisi kumadzulo kwa Belarus ndi kovuta kwambiri kwa choopa anthu, kuposa mu Poland yokha. Mobisa kunali kofunika kusunga lotsatira. Mu mavuto a malamulo ndi mwankhanza wa apolisi Khoruzhaya mwachangu analenga mayanjano chosintha wachinyamata, anayenda kwambiri m'matauni ang'onoang'ono ndi m'midzi ya Western Belarus anali mu Brest, Grodno, Bialystok, Slonim, Kobrin ndiponso mizinda ina.

Chiyambireni cha ntchito yake mobisa iye amachita ntchito za mlembi wa komiti yaikulu ya Komsomol zapadnobelorusskogo. Pa nthawi yomweyo iye anasankhidwa membala wa Polish chapakati Komiti ya Young League Communist ndi Party Communist derali. Chikhulupiriro kwambiri udindo m'gulu la misa chosintha kayendedwe ka anthu, zikuchulukirachulukira ndi ola lililonse likadutsa, ngakhale chitsutsocho.

Amangidwe loyamba

Chikhulupiriro Khoruzhaya anamangidwa ku Bialystok mu chaka cha 1925. Mwatsatanetsatane za Brest "pa sate wani" mu chikhulupiriro Khoruzhaya akakhale mawu a zaka zisanu m'ndende chifukwa chakubwera mu oletsedwa ntchito chosintha, m'bungwe la Party Communist, anamukwiyira anamasulidwa yekha mu 1927. Mu lotsatira, Bialystok "pa zana ndi makumi atatu" Horuzhei kuchuluka nthawi ndipo wakhala m'ndende kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu.

Chifuniro cha boma wamng'ono analephera kuswa chigamulo popanda kapena mapeto zinthu lolimba. Iye anapita uko kuti nkhondo, chimusankhireni kwa komiti m'ndende phwando. Ngakhale pali Khoruzhaya adzatumiza uthenga mofuna kubweretsa izo mpaka pa mapeto. Mu 1931, uthenga m'kaidi adzakhala kusindikizidwa ku Soviet Union buku munthu, buku lotchedwa "Letters mwangozi."

Mu 1930, chifukwa cha nkhani m'gulu la kumasulidwa kwa Western Belarus Khoruzhaya kupereka dongosolo la Red Chabwino.

malonda yamtendere chipani

Mu 1932, Vera Khoruzhaya Zakharovna mwachidule mbiri zimene ziyenera kudziwika kwa aliyense chidwi ndi mbiri, anabwerera ku Russia: pansi mgwirizano izo umasinthanitsidwa akaidi Polish ndale. Ndi chisangalalo anayamba kugwirizana ndi mkonzi bolodi mabuku zapadnobelorusskogo mobisa ndipo kenako kupita ku Kazakhstan pa Balhashstroy. Pambuyo kumasulidwa ndi asilikali a Soviet ku Western Belarus, mu 1939, iyo kachiwiri mtsogoleri dera, zokhudzana ndi unyamata wake. Vera nsangala, ankafalitsa mwakhama ntchito mu komiti chigawo Telekhany kenako mu komiti Pinsk dera.

Kachiwiri, izo kunditumiza ku Soviet Union, komwe iye ali zochitika wotanganidwa phwando Minsk ndi malo lalikulu yomanga. A yaikulu ya ntchito gulu sikusokoneza zachinsinsi atsikana wokongola: Vera anakhala mkazi osangalala, ndipo mu 1936 iye anaonekera Anya mwana pamene mayi wachitsikana anali kuyang'anira balhashstroevskim maphunziro House Party.

Anadzudzula kumangidwa ndi kulungamitsidwa

Chojambula partiyka Horuzhaya Vera Zaharovna akhoza osati kutsatira malangizo, komanso amakayikira, kudzudzula chinachake chimene sakugwirizana. Zimenezi sizimamukondweretsa aliyense. Mu 1937, August, kutenga choyenera Chibelarusi mobisa ntchito anamangidwa NKVD. Zikuganiziridwa provocations ake ndi boma ndi espionage ntchito mu zofuna za Poland. Basi sizikutsimikizira amene anali kazitape. Komabe, pali mfundo kuti anali munthu womenyera ufulu Stanislav Mertens, bambo Anna.

Koma palibe Ofufuza anayi analephera kukakamiza Khoruzhaya Communist kuulula za espionage. mayesero unachitikira mu August 1939 ndipo unatenga masiku awiri. Iye anakhala mwambo wa mtsikana amene amakhulupirira kuti wosachimwa wa onse. Chikhulupiriro ndilibe mlandu ndi m'ndende.

Patatha mwezi umodzi, m'dziko la Western Belarus anamasulidwa ndi asilikali Red Army.

Ndipo kachiwiri mu 1940 ndi mwana wake Vera kubwerera kunyumba zazing'ono, ntchito kachiwiri pa mzere phwando.

Chikhulupiriro Zakharovna kachiwiri wokondwa mu moyo wake: anakwatiwa ndi nthawi yachiwiri Sergei Kornilov, amene anali katswiri wa asilikali ndipo tsopano ntchito ndi Horuzhei.

Vera Horuzhaya - mkazi wa ngwazi za

June 22, atangobadwa atchedwe nkhondo, banjali anapita ku komiti dera phwando. Kumeneko anakumana ndi partisans akale, kale mkulu wa Spanish Brigade Vasiliy Zaharovich Korzh. Iye analemba Chikhulupiriro ndi Sergei mu mndandanda wa akutulukira zigawenga wagawo choyamba.

Posapita nthawi, detachment lotsogoleredwa ndi Vasiliem Korzhem, wakula kwa anthu makumi asanu ndi anafuna kuyamba kumenyana. Sergei Kornilov anakhala mtsogoleri wa gulu lankhondo. Iye anali agwidwa ndi imfa amunamuna limodzi la nkhondo loyamba ndi asilikali German m'chigawo Pinsk. Koma Khoruzhaya Vera, mkazi wa ngwazi, mu yophukira chaka chomwecho anatumizidwa ku Chile ndi ntchito kudziŵitsa za kuli magulu zigawenga. Pa njira mzere kutsogolo, kumbuyo mizere mdani, Horuzhei anayenera penyani zoopsa zonse kulanda boma lopondereza, mavuto a anthu wamba.

Kamodzi awo, Chikhulupiriro anazindikira kuti anali sanawalole kumbuyo. Guide tikulimbikitsidwa kuti zigaŵenga zankhondo pakati kusiya achoke achibale. Atabadwa mwana wake, inunso, Chikhulupiriro si wangokhala, akuyesera kuti apindule dziko lawo mu kumbuyo. Pa munda, iye ankagwira ntchito yowerengetsera ndalama, koma kwa nthawi yaitali sindikanakhoza kupirira moyo amenewa.

Pakhale gulu ntchito kumbuyo mizere mdani

Kusiya ana kuti mlongo wake, Vera anapita ku Moscow ndipo akuyamba kukonzekera ntchito mozemba m'gawo azikhala. Ndipotu, zinali zovuta kwambiri kwa zinthu zimenezi. Zakharovna Chikhulupiriro limayamba ndi chakuti likulu la detachments olimbanawo amasankha ogwira ntchito mopanda chilolezo. Izo ndiye izo zonse buthulo lamulo ntchito oletsedwa paseri pa Nazi ku Germany.

Chikhulupiriro Zakharovna analandira dzina lakuti - Anna Kornilov. Pansi pa dzina ili linali kuchita malo obisalamo mdani, mu Vitebsk frontline anagwidwa ndi Aisiraeli.

Frontline zikuchitika ku dera Vitebsk

Mu chilimwe, gulu Vera anali kukonzekera kuti awoloke mzere kutsogolo. Iwo ankayenera kuthandiza zigawenga operatives. The vuto asilikali pa nthawiyo sanasangalale kwambiri kwa zigaŵenga zankhondo lapansi. amanyansidwa unatha. Vitebsk zigaŵenga zankhondo mwachindunji pokhudzana ndi mayunitsi asilikali a ku kutsogolo, iwo mosavuta kusuntha kudutsa zopinga kutsogolo-mzere, kubweretsa zonse asilikali, chakudya ndi chakudya, pamene iwo anabweretsedwa kuchokera zida ndi zipolopolo. Koma sizinakhalitse. The Germany anakoka magulu atsopano kwa gawo kutsogolo, kuti aphimbe yojambula chifukwa. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti nkhondoyo olemera ndi chakuti zone lazigaŵengali kwathunthu oletsedwa. Kumapeto kwa chilimwe cha 1942, dziko la Germany anakankhira magulu zigawenga kenako zinasinthiratu "Vitebsk Chipata". Panthawi imeneyi kwambiri, apa, m'mudzi waung'ono Pudot, ndipo panali gulu Anny Kornilovoy.

Lamulo German kupereka kwambiri udindo malo wotanganidwa Vitebsk. Lina linali pafupi ndi mzere kutsogolo ndi ankaona yokha zipata za Smolensk pa njira Moscow. m'tawuni linadzaza ndi asilikali. Choncho, ngakhale achiwembuwo ambiri odziwa msanga kumira. Komanso zinali zovuta kuti ntchito popanda kulumikiza: wailesi kunali koletsedwa. mzinda wakhazikitsidwa bwino kwambiri malangizo kupeza.

zonyoza zimayenda atsikana

Ndithu chosowa chachikulu anali zigaŵenga zankhondo pothandizira kulankhulana ndi ndodo yekha kudzera chikugwirizana. October 1 Vera anali mu Vitebsk, mu khola la mdani. Ndi ntchito yake twente-olimbanawo. Iwo zinawukhira pa okwerera sitima kupanga ulendo wawo wopita ku aerodromes m'mafakitale, mu ofesi commandant a.

Home Pakuti Chikhulupiriro chinali tsoka la anthu, zisoni zawo. Pamene ponseponse nzika chiwawa kutumizidwa kukagwira ntchito ku Germany, bungwe mobisa motsogozedwa ndi Anna Kornilova ankasokoneza zimenezi. Zigaŵenga zankhondo anatentha zolembedwa pa kuwombola ntchito, kuwonongedwa pasipoti ofesi gendarmerie, kodi bungwe boti kupita ku partisans mabanja athunthu, ngakhale anamasulidwa anthu ku sitima yopita ku Germany. Atsikana ali ndi chothandiza kwambiri adapulumuka mkaidi m'misasa nkhondo. Anali kukonzekera kuchitapo kanthu pa ndege, sitima, inaphulika ku filimu zisudzo chifukwa Nazi. anawazunza zonse ndi mantha saletsa ndi chakuti pafupifupi tsiku lililonse anagwa sitima msewu onyamula asilikali ndi zida. Atsikana anagawira timapepala ta ndi nkhani ya Information Soviet Bureau.

Nazi ankasakidwa zigawenga cohesive mobisa. Chikhulupiriro anayamba kulandira nkhani kwambiri. atsogoleri mobisa ataletsa kulephera ndipo amubweretsa Chikhulupiriro ndi anzake mumzindawu. Koma iye sanafune ngakhale kumva za izo.

kulephera

Sizikudziwika chifukwa bungwe mobisa analephera. Padakali pano sanapezeke ndi malo dziko lawo anaphedwa. Osati sanapeze zikalata kulibe basi umboni. Iwo anati November 13, 1942 Khoruzhaya amayenera kukumana ndi zikugwirizana pa lamulo la zigaŵenga zankhondo lapansi. Pamene anafika pa nyumba otetezedwa, panali Germany awiri - alonda. Vera sanataye ake ndipo analankhula nawo German. Iwo ankakonda mfundo za msonkhano ndi Baltic German mkazi, chomwe chinachitika ndi mwayi mu Vitebsk, iwo anakonza kuti amuthandize. Pamapeto pake inali yosayembekezeka. Ndipotu, nyumba wazunguliridwa ndi apolisi. Ambiri mwina, dziko la Germany analibe ubale uliwonse kwa adani a heroine lapansi. Anyamatawo sanayembekezere kuti apolisi anathyola m'nyumba.

Chikhulupiriro ndi Mpheta banja anamangidwa. Mozungulira nyumba zawo anakoloweka olondera. Panthawi imeneyi panali atsikana ena awiri amene sanadziwe ana analumpha kuchokera mu msewu ndipo awawonetse chizindikiro cha ngozi. Atsikana ndinalibe lingaliro la mavuto, sanadziwe zizindikiro.

Imfa ya heroine ndi

Pa mafunso poyamba anapezeka kuti Germany analibe zambiri pa Moscow gulu. Adani kupeza chizindikiro cha linzake, amene yaitali ankasakidwa apolisi ndi commandant. Ife anam'pereka Petrova decrypt intercepted pa mthenga uthenga wa chikhulupiriro. Atsikana nthawi yomweyo kunditumiza ku chapansi ya Mfundo pa phiri. Ndi mwapadera okonzeka wozunzikirapo chipinda cha Nazi kwa akapolo chidali - casemates yaiwisi. Pamwamba pawo ndi clerks ndi wozunzikirapo. Zinali zoonekeratu kuti gulu poyera.

Atsikana zowawa kuzunzika zoopsa, koma palibe mmodzi wa iwo adali wompereka Iye. Nazi kuwomberedwa mu bwalo la shuga anthu angapo ku gulu. Tsoka la mpumulo ndi Chapafupi aliyense. Palibe kukaika kuti iwo sali ndi moyo. mboni zina onena kuti dziko lawo anawomberedwa kunja kwa mzinda, mu Ilovskom chigwa pamene anaima ozizira mvula m'mawa. Zikuoneka kuti wokhala m'dera mwangozi anamva phokoso la galimoto anayendetsa nabwerako, gulu la Germany kufuula ndi kulira kwa chowomberedwa ndi mfuti, ndipo pambuyo kuchoka kwa dziko la Germany mu malo kuphedwa pansi akadali kusuntha: anthu odzazidwa moyo.

Pali kopanda china chikhulupiriro Khoruzhaya ndi atsikana anzake, ngati ngwazi zina za nkhondo - Julius Fucik ndi Musa Jalil, kutengeramo Berlin Moabit linga.

Ndizo basi pa khoma mmodzi wa ndende zoopsa anakhalabe lalifupi akuti: "Khoruzhaya ...". N'zokayikitsa kuti malo amenewa akhoza kutuluka moyo. Masiku ano, pali kulekana kwa Museum Regional, ndipo msewu unatchedwa heroine lapansi.

Feat Khoruzhey (mwachidule za anauzidwa m'nkhani) anali sanaiwale. Mu 1960, May 17, lochititsa chidwi olimbanawo kupereka mutu wa Hero wa Soviet Union atamwalira.

Lilac Vera Horuzhaya

Okumbukira Hero wa Soviet Union, wotchuka Chibelarusi mobisa womenya amene adapereka moyo ndi chimwemwe kwa ulamuliro wa Mama, zosiyanasiyana zodabwitsa za Lilac unayambitsidwa.

mtundu umenewu maluwa mumtundu mwachikondi ndithu lalikulu ndi zobiriwira. Iwo ndi chibakuwa-pinki pakati m'ma zachilendo mivi bluish. The awiri a maluwa lalikulu - mpaka masentimita 2.8 ndi mamangidwe ake ofanana ndi zomera zina - huwakinto. Tchire wokongola wodzaza, koma osati kwambiri.

Ambiri amanena kuti mtundu umenewu Lilac chomwecho wofatsa ndi pa nthawi yomweyo cholimba monga Vera Khoruzhaya, yonena chonenedwa kwa inu m'nkhani ino.