Tsarevich Alexey Alexeevich: biography, mfundo kuchokera ku moyo, chithunzi

M'mbiri yaku Russia, milandu ingapo imadziwika pamene opanduka akutsutsana ndi akuluakulu a tsarist anali otetezedwa ndi chikhumbo choteteza ufulu wa "weniweni" wolamulira kapena wolandira chololedwa. Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo za malingaliro oterowo ndi Stepan Razin akulengeza kuti ali ndi Nechai mumsasa wake - Tsarevich Alexei Alekseevich, omwe mbiri yake ili pansipa.

Makolo

Alexey Alekseevich anali mdzukulu wa Russian tsar woyamba wochokera m'banja la Romanov ndipo mwana wachiwiri wamwamuna m'banja la makolo ake. Amayi ake anali Maria Ilinichna Miloslavskaya, yemwe anali wachipembedzo kwambiri ndipo ankadziwika kuti ndi wopindulitsa kwambiri. Bambo wa mnyamatayo, Tsar Aleksei Mikhailovich, yemwe anali mmodzi mwa anthu ophunzira kwambiri a m'nthaŵi yake, ndipo amene amayamikira kwambiri ku Westernism, anali ndi khalidwe labwino komanso losavuta.

Onsewa anali ndi ana 13, kuphatikizapo ana asanu. Pambuyo pa imfa ya Mfumukazi Mary, Alexei Petrovich anakwatiwanso. Mkwatibwi wachiwiri ndi Natalia Naryshkina, iye anabala mwana wamwamuna, yemwe anadzadziwika kuti Tsar Peter Woyamba, komanso ana awiri aakazi.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti, ngakhale kuti bambo ndi mwana wamwamuna anali ndi dzina lakuti Alexei, zikondwerero za tsiku lawo sizinakondweredwe tsiku lomwelo, popeza anali ndi antchito osiyanasiyana akumwamba.

Ubwana

Alexey Alekseevich anabadwa mu 1654. Patapita zaka ziwiri atabadwa, adalonjezedwa kukhala wolowa ufumu, popeza kuti mkulu wake Demetrius anamwalira zaka zingapo asanabadwe.

Pakati pa ena, Simeon wa Polotsk anapanga mwanayo, yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi mmodzi wa anthu olemekezeka kwambiri olemba ndakatulo a Chirasha pamaso pa nyengo ya Trediakovsky. Anaphunzitsa kalatini ndi Polish kwa kalonga ndi mchimwene wake Fedor. Komanso, Alexey Alekseevich anaphunziranso masamu, Chilakolako galamala ndi filosofi. Bamboyo ankadandaula za wolowa nyumba ndipo makamaka ochokera kunja analemba mabuku owonetsera komanso mitundu yonse ya "zosangalatsa za ana". Malinga ndi ndemanga za anthu a m'nthaŵi yake, kalongayo anali ndi chidwi chokumbukira, anali wodabwa ndipo anadziwonetsa kuti anali wophunzira mwakhama.

Achinyamata

Pansi pa malamulo a nthawi imeneyo, nthawi imene abambo ake sanakhalepo mumzindawu, Aleksei Alekseevich ankaonedwa kuti ndi wolamulira wa kanthaŵi wa boma, ndipo makalata ovomerezekawo analembedwa chizindikiro m'malo mwake.

Pamene anali wachinyamata, ankakonda kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yambiri akuwerenga. Mabuku omwe ankakonda anali "Lexicon" ndi "Grammar", ochokera ku Lithuania, komanso ntchito yotchuka ya sayansi "Cosmography". Chikoka chachikulu pa Alexei Alekseevich chinamasuliridwa ndi mmodzi wa otchuka kwambiri a Westerners ku khoti la Russia - mnyamata wotchuka Artamon Matveyev, amene nthawi zambiri ankakonza masewera a zisudzo. Pa iwo nthawizonse iye ankamuitana kalonga, yemwe tsarina ndi akalongawo nthawi zambiri amalowa. Kuwonjezera apo, Matveev anadziŵa Alexei Alekseevich ndi alendo achilendo okhala ku Moscow kapena kubwera kumeneko pa bizinesi.

Kusakaniza

Panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Alexei Mikhailovich, adasankha kukwatira anyamata ali aang'ono. Wolowa nyumba ku mpando wachifumu analibe. Komanso, osati bambo ake okha, komanso mfumukazi ya ku Poland inagwirizana nawo m'gulu lake. Mkazi wa Jan II wa Casimir anali woti apereke mwana wake wamwamuna kwa iye ndipo mwanjira iliyonse adathandizira ku ukwatiwu. Chigwirizano cha Russian Tsarevich ndi mfumu ya ku Poland chinkawoneka chokongola kwa achibale ake, chifukwa pambuyo pa imfa ya wolowa nyumba ku ulamuliro wa Commonwealth mu 1951 Alexei Alekseevich ankaonedwa kuti ndi woyenera kuti apange mutuwu. Kuwonjezera apo, mamembala omwe anabwera ku Moscow kuti akadziwe maganizo a banja lachifumu ku ukwatiwu anali okondweretsedwa kwambiri ndi mnyamatayo ndipo anasangalala ndi kulankhula kwake kolandiridwa, komwe iye anawerenga mu chinenero chawo, chimene iye anachidziwa mwangwiro.

Zolinga zake sizinayembekezere kukwaniritsidwa, popeza atatha kufa kwa Mfumukazi Mary, Alexey Mikhailovich mwiniwake anakhala wotsutsa dzanja la msungwanayo. Anauza Matveyev wachinyamata kuuza A Polesi kuti kalonga anali akadakali wamng'ono, ndipo chikhulupiriro cha Orthodox sichinali chachiroma.

Aleksei Alekseevich: imfa

Pokhala ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, wolowa nyumba ku mpando wachifumu anafa mwadzidzidzi. Izi sizinachitike ndi matenda aliwonse, kotero anthu amafalitsa mphekesera zosiyanasiyana. Mnyamatayo anaikidwa m'manda ku tchalitchi cha Arkhangelsk. Ntchito ya maliro inachitikira ndi Mkulu wa Mabishopu Joasaph II, kuphatikizapo makolo akale akummawa omwe anali panthawiyo ku likululikulu. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich anali wosasinthika, chifukwa anali ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu cha mwana wake, yemwe, mwazinthu zina, ankakonda chikondi cha anthu, anali ndi zinenero zambiri zakunja ndipo m'tsogolomu akanakhala wolamulira wanzeru ndi wolungama.

Alexey Alekseyevich - Prince Nechay

Pafupifupi zaka 20 pambuyo pa imfa ya wolowa ufumu ku Russia, Stenka Razin anaganiza zolemba dzina lake pofuna kutsimikizira kuti anapanduka. Anthu ake amaletsa mphekesera kuti m'gulu lawo pali Alexey Alexeevich wamoyo ndi wathanzi (biography ya Crown Prince ikufotokozedwa mwachidule). Popeza, malingana ndi iwo, iye anawonekera mumsasa wawo mwangozi, iwo anamutcha iye Nechaev. Posakhalitsa dzina lakutchulidwira limeneli linakhala mfuu ya nkhondo, yomwe Razyns anayamba kumenyana ndi anthu a mfumuyo.

Amuna ambiri, komanso ochuluka kwambiri amalonda ndi servicemen, sakanatha kugwirizana ndi Stenka, ngati sakanaganiza kuti akulimbana ndi chithandizo-kubwerera kwa mpando wachifumu kwa a zarevich, omwe adafa kuti aphwanyidwa molakwika, ataika m'bale wake pampando wachifumu.

Akuluakulu akuluakulu mumzindawu adadziwa bwino kuopsa kwa maonekedwe a wonyenga, kotero ngakhale kutchulidwa kwa mawu okha "nechai" adalamulidwa kuti apite kundende.

Andrei Kambulatovich

Zoonadi, zimadziwika bwino za anthu atatu omwe zaka zosiyana adadzipereka kuti akhale otchuka monga Tsarevich Alexei (chithunzi cha mbiri yotchuka kwambiri ya wolowa nyumba ku mpando wachifumu wa Russia, pamwambapa). Choyamba, udindo wake unasewera ndi Prince Andrew, yemwe ndi mwana wa Kabardian Murza wa Prince Kambulata Przymakhovich Cherkassky. Ali mwana adabatizidwa, amalankhula Chirasha ndipo anali ndi makhalidwe abwino. Atatenga Astrakhan, mnyamatayo anagwidwa ukapolo, ndipo Razin anaganiza kuti agwiritse ntchito kuti asunge nthano ya mkulu wa Necha. Anayankha chimodzi mwazinthu zoyenera kuvekedwa mu velvet wofiira ndikuzipereka kwa "wolowa ufumu ku ntchito". Pali Mabaibulo ambiri onena za tsogolo la Andrei Kambulatovich. Ndizodziwika kokha kuti patatha kanthawi iye amatha, ndipo Razin amayenera kuyang'ana "wina" wamkulu.

Maxim Osipov

Popeza kuti chiukitsiro chinali chokwanira kale, ndipo mphamvu ya okondwererayo idakula tsiku ndi tsiku, adaganiza kuti tsopano Nechay adzakhala mmodzi mwa atsogoleri awo oopsa komanso okhwima. Chisankho chinagwera pa Maxim Osipov. Pogwiritsa ntchito Tsarevich Alexei, analanda mizinda ya Alatyr, Temnikov, Kurmysh, Yadrin ndi Lyskov. Pali nkhani yodziwika bwino pamene gulu lake la nkhondo likulira "Nechai!" Anagonjetsedwa ndi nyumba ya amonke ya Makarevsky Zheltovodsky, koma sakanatha kuwononga nyumba ya amonke.

Atatha kulephera, Osipov anabwerera ku Murashkino, kumene anthu ambiri a Mordvins, Tatars ndi Chuvashes anathamangira kwa iye. Lzhetsarevich anaganiza ngakhale kupita ndi ankhondo ku Nizhny Novgorod, kumene iye ankatchedwa ndi rabble wamba. Komabe, mthenga wochokera kwa Stepan Razin anabwera ndi lamulo loti amuthandize Simbirsk.

Ivan Cleopin

Palinso wonyenga wodziwika yemwe adadziwonetsa yekha Alexis II. Dzina la mwamuna uyu ndi Ivan Cleopin, ndipo adawonekera mu 1671. Zimadziwika kuti wonyenga uja anabadwa cha m'ma 1648 mumzinda wa Zasapinye wa ku Novgorod.

Ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu (15-16) adalembedwera ku magulu a anthu olemekezeka ndipo adatumiza ku Dinaburg, kumalire ndi Commonwealth ya Polish-Lithuanian. M'dzinja la 1666, adabwerera kunyumba, malinga ndi buku limodzi, chifukwa cha kupha anthu. Mu 1671 Ivan adalengeza kunyumba kuti anali Alexey Alexeevich (chithunzi chomwe chili ndi chithunzi cha wonamizira sichinafe), ndipo adathawira m'nkhalango. Kenaka adafuna kusamukira ku Rzeczpospolita, koma anamangidwa, anafunsidwa ndikuzunzidwa. Ngakhale kuti zinatsimikiziridwa kuti Ivan - wopenga, iye anaphedwa kuti amangirire kwa ena onse amene akufuna kutsanzira banja lachifumu.

Tsopano mukudziwa yemwe Alexei Alexeyevich anali. Zoonadi zokhudzana ndi mbiri yake sizinadziwike kwa anthu onse, koma zimalola olemba mbiri kumvetsetsa momwe moyo unalili ku khoti la Russia mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 17.