Mwana wa Peter Ine Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich Romanov: chithunzi, mbiri. Ana Alexei Petrovich

Wolowa Peter Ine Aleksey Petrovich ndi imodzi mwa kanjedza kwambiri zowawa ndi enigmatic mu mbiri ya Romanov mafumu. Chifukwa kutsutsana ndi bambo ake, anathawira kunja koma anabwerera kwawo, analamulidwa kuti imfa ndi afa momvetsa chachinsinsi mu ndende.

mwana sakondedwa

Alexei Petrovich Romanov anabadwa February 18, 1690. Mayi ake anali Evdokia Lopuchin mnyamata Peter anakwatira angapo zaka pamaso maonekedwe a wolowa nyumba. Komabe, posachedwapa mfumu latsopano chizolowezi - mwana wa mbuye yachilendo Anna Mons ake German kuthetsa lapamtima, pamene kazembe anakhala nthawi yake yopuma. Autocrat potsiriza adagawana ndi Evdokiey Lopuhinoy mu 1694, pamene mwana wake woyamba anali ochepa.

Choncho, Alexei Petrovich Romanov Sindinakudziwani ndi idyll banja. mofulumira kwambiri, anakhala wolemetsa kwa atate wake. zinthu anali kulimbikitsa pamene Peter ndinatumiza Evdokia mu Pokrovsky amonke Suzdal. Pamene zowinda yokhala m'malo Kuthi lithe. Evdokia mwamuna woyamba sanali kulolera zokopa. Iye anapempha kupembedzera kwa mabishopu, Adrian. Mutu wa atsogoleri kwenikweni anayesa kuteteza wolemekezeka kwa mwamuna wake basi okwiya Peter. Chifukwa, Evdokia anapita obisika kamuleka. Izo zinachitika mu 1698, pakati pa musketeers chipolowe anatsegula mu Moscow.

mapangidwe

Chonyansa nkhani ya athamangitsidwe mayi mwina koma bwanji Alexei Petrovich. Zitachitika, mnyamatayo anakhalabe mu chisamaliro cha azakhali ake, Mfumukazi Natalia Alekseevna. Atate chidwi pang'ono mu mwana wake, monga momwe adali zonse paulendowu. Moyo wonse wa Peter ndinali wodzipereka kwa zinthu za boma, azungu ngati banja sakadakhala nalo nthawi kapena kufuna chumacho.

Alexei anali aphunzitsi ochepa. The woyamba - dikoni Nikifor Vyazemsky - anatumizidwa ku zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi-Prince. Iye anaphunzitsa anyamata zilembo, ndiyeno zilankhulo. Pa nthawi ina ngakhale Petro anafuna kutumiza Mwana wake kuphunzira mu Dresden ndi mnyamata zabwino mfulu, koma anaganiza motsutsa izo. M'malo Alexei Preobrazhensky m'bwalo anali akatulutsidwa Germany - Martin Neugebauer ndi Heinrich Gyuyssena. Uyang'aniro wa mfumu inalamula ankakonda wake, ndipo dzanja lake lamanja Aleksandru Menshikovu.

wolowa

Kwa zaka zambiri, ubale bambo ndi ana ake musakhale otentha. M'malo mwake, iwo anali more mwagwirizana kukayikirana. Mwana Peter 1 Alexei Petrovich anali wophunzira, iye ankadziwa zilankhulo ndi sayansi. Koma bambo ake anakhumudwa kuti alibe chidwi pa zochita za asilikali. Nthawi zina mfumu anatenga wolowa kukwera. Nthawi yoyamba izo zinachitika mu 1704, pamene asilikali Russian anadzasokoneza mosangalala kwambiri Narva.

Ndiyeno Swedish asilikali a Charles XII litalanda Russia, Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich anachititsa kukonzekera chitetezo wa Moscow mu nkhani kuukira mdani. A kalata ya bambo ake, zimene iye ankawazazira mwana wake chosalanga ndi chosasamala. mkwiyo Petro chifukwa cha mavuto ena. Atatsala pang'ono Alexei mwachinsinsi anapita ku obisika kwa mayi ake ukapolo. Mfumu anachita chirichonse kucheza mwana wake ndi mkazi woyamba. Za ulendo wa Alexei Petrovich, anaphunzira kupyolera azondi wake chidzudzulo. Mwana anatha kusangalatsa bambo ake kudzera kalata yochokera kwa mbuye wawo ndi tsogolo Mfumukazi Catherine I.

mu Germany

Mu 1709, mwana wa Petro 1 Alexei Petrovich anali kupita ku Germany kuphunzira. Komanso, bambo wake ankafuna kupeza pali mkwatibwi yachilendo. Lisanaperekedwe, ndi tsars Russian anakwatira akazi Russian yekha, ndipo iwo akhoza kukhala chiyambi odzichepetsa. Mtima umenewu kuti ukwati ankaikira m'ma XVII. Kenako mfumuyo, kupanga Russia gawo la Europe, ankaona dynastic ukwati zofunika zamtendere chida. Potsatira malangizo a mphunzitsi Alexei Petrovich anaganiza bungwe ukwati wa mwana wake ndi Charlotte Lüneburg - mwana wa mfumu German ndi mlongo wa Mfumukazi tsogolo la Austria.

Koma musanayambe kukwatira, kalonga anali kumaliza maphunziro awo. Wotchuka Zomwe zinachitika pamene iye atabwerera ku Russia, kuopa mayeso akufuna, anawombera yekha mu dzanja ndi mfuti. Zimenezi n'zimene kamodzinso anakwiyitsa bambo. Peter osati kumenya mwana uyu, komanso unkamuletsa kuonekera pa bwalo. Patapita nthawi, mfumu anakakhala pansi ndi mtendere ndi mwanayo. Akapsa ngati a mkwiyo ndi khalidwe lonse la Peter. Pakuti talente yake yonse ndiponso khama, iye anali despot, amene sakanakhoza kupirira kusamvera. N'chifukwa chake onse zoyerekeza kanjedza autocrat sanali wodzikonda. Iwo akhagopa kutsutsa mfumu. Ikufotokoza kuti kukana, zosiyana Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich. Kwakukulukulu ndinayamba kugonedwa ndi mtima zakuthwa bambo ake.

Ukwati ndi ana

Ngakhale vicissitudes onse chokhudza banja ndipo anakonza ukwati kunachitika. October 14, 1711 mu mzinda wa Torgau anali kukwatira Alexis ndi Charlotte Lüneburg. Mwambo panafika yekha Peter I. Posachedwapa zinaonekeratu kuti angolowa kumene m'banja Union lidzakhala tsoka zovuta. Charlotte anasamukira ku St. Petersburg, koma anakhala mlendo kudziko lina. Iye analephera pafupi kaya ndi mwamuna wake kapena ndi mpongozi.

Ndipo ngakhale ANZANU wa akazi a sizinayende chake Ntchito yaikulu dynastic kalonga akadali akwaniritsidwe. Mu 1714, achinyamatawo anali ndi mwana wamkazi, Natalia, ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi - ndi nthawi yaitali mwana Peter. Komabe, pambuyo pa kubadwa kwake mayi ake anaganiza kudwala. chikhalidwe chake likuipiraipira, ndipo pasanathe masiku khumi pambuyo pa kubadwa Mfumukazi Natalia (monga anadziwika mu Russia) anafa. Mwana wa Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich Peter zaka 12 anadzakhala Mfumu Peter II.

anapitiriza nkhondo

Ana Alexei Petrovich sanali yekhayo latsopano Kuwonjezera kwa banja lachifumu. Bwanamkubwa yekha Mwana wake sakondedwa ali mwana wina. The mwana dzina lake Pyotr Petrovich (mayi ake anali tsogolo Catherine I). Choncho mwadzidzidzi Alexei idaleka wolowa yekha wa atate ake (tsopano kuti anali mwana wachiwiri ndi mdzukulu). zinthu anamuika kovuta.

Komanso, moyo wa latsopano St. Petersburg kuonekeratu sizikugwirizana mu chikhalidwe monga Alexei Petrovich. Photo zithunzi za iye chimasonyeza munthu ndi pang'ono chowawa chokayikakayika. Anapitiriza kugwira ntchito pagulu bambo wamphamvu, ngakhale kuti anatero monyinyirika kuti mobwerezabwereza anakwiya autocrat.

Adakali kuphunzira Germany, Alex anafunsa anzake mu Moscow kutumiza iye confessor watsopano amene akhoza kuvomereza poyera zonse zimene adabvutika mnyamata. Kalonga kwambiri achipembedzo, koma pa nthawi yomweyo mantha kwambiri azondi bambo. Komabe, confessor latsopano Yakov Ignatev kwenikweni sanali mmodzi wa anthu amene ankatumikira Peter. Kamodzi Alex anamuuza mu mitima yawo kuti akuyembekezera imfa ya atate ake. Ignatyev ananenanso kuti mukufuna abwenzi ambiri kulowa Moscow. Choncho, ndithu mwadzidzidzi, Alex anapeza anthu ake anayamba njira zomwe zinachititsa kuti imfa yake.

zovuta

Mu 1715, Peter anatumiza mwana wake kalata imene patsogolo kusankha - kaya Alex kudzudzulidwa (ie, akuyamba kuchita usilikali ndipo amatenga mfundo bambo ake), kapena anatumiza ansembe ndi. Wolowa anali mu deadlock. Iye sanali njira zambiri Peter, kuphatikizapo imene wosatha usilikali ndipo anasintha kwambiri moyo wa dziko. Timakhala ndi mtima umenewu anali nawo ndi olemekezeka ambiri (makamaka ku Moscow). Osankhika kodi alipo mopupuluma kukana kusintha, koma Zionetsero pagulu palibe amene amadzinenera, chifukwa chotenga mbali mu akutsutsidwa akhoza kuthetsa manyazi kapena imfa.

Autocrat, kuika kuti musankhepo mwana wake, nampatsa nthawi kuchokera kusonyeza zimene anachita. Wambiri ya Alexei Petrovich ali Makanema ambiri osokoneza, koma zinthu zinavuta amapha. Atakambilana ndi zoyerekeza (mu malo oyamba ndi mutu wa St. Petersburg Admiralty Aleksandrom Kikinym) anaganiza kuti athawe Russia.

ndege

Mu 1716, ku St. Petersburg ku Copenhagen, nthumwi, lotsogoledwa ndi Alexei Petrovich. Mwana Peter anali kuona Denmark ndi bambo ake. Komabe, kukhala mu Polish Gdańsk, kalonga zinasintha mwadzidzidzi njira yake, nakhale anathawira ku Vienna. Kumeneko, Alex anayamba kukambirana lofuna kukhala ndale. Austrians anamutuma kuti kwaokha Naples.

amathawathawa dongosolo anali kudikira imfa, ndiye bolevshego Russian tsar, ndiyeno kubwerera ku dziko kwawo ku mpando wachifumu, ngati n'koyenera, ndi asilikali achilendo. Alex za izo kenako mu pofufuza. Komabe, wina akhoza bwinobwino kutenga mawu awa choonadi, chifukwa cha anamangidwa monga kugonja umboni kutero. Malinga ndi umboni wa Austrians, kalonga anali mu hysterics. Choncho, m'pamenenso akhoza kunena kuti anapita ku Ulaya mwa wogwira ndipo mantha tsogolo lawo.

mu Austria

Peter msanga anaphunzira pamene mwana wake akuthamanga. Mu Austria kumeneko ndipo anapita kwa mfumu anthu okhulupirika. Mutu wa ntchito yofunika kwambiri anaikidwa Mwamunayu nthumwi Peter Tolstoy. Iye ananena kwa Austria Mfumu Charles VI, mfundo kwambiri pamaso pa nthaka Alexei Habsburg ndi mbama mu nkhope ya Russia. Amathawathawa anasankha Vienna chifukwa zimakhalira wake ndi mfumu pa ukwati wake sakhalitsa.

Mwina Charles VI mu zina, kodi chitetezo ukapolo, koma pa nthawi, Austria anali pa nkhondo ndi Ottoman ndipo akukonzekera nkhondo ndi Spain. Pezani pansi pa zikhalidwe izi ngati mdani wamphamvu, monga Peter Ine, mfumu sanafune. Komanso blundered ndi Alex. Iye anachita mantha ndipo anali bwino osati chikhulupiriro. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, akuluakulu a ku Austria apanga zokambirana. Peter Tolstoy analandira ufulu kukumana ndi amathawathawa.

zokambirana

Peter Tolstoy, anakumana ndi Alexey, wagwiritsa ntchito njira zonse zotheka ndi zidule kuti iye kunyumba. Patapita zinali zabwino mtima kumutsimikizira kuti bambo wake kuti amukhululukire ndi kulola ndi ufulu chuma chawo.

Mtumiki sanaiwale za akupangira ndi wochenjera. Iye anauza kalonga, Charles VI ya kuti, sanali kufuna kusokoneza kugona ndi Peter, Mulimonsemo, sadzakhala kuphimba izo, ndiyeno Alexei ndendende adzakhala Russia ngati chigawenga. Pomaliza, kalonga anavomera kubwerera ku dziko lawo.

khoti

February 3, 1718 Peter ndi Alex anakumana mu Moscow Kremlin. Wolowa adafuwula ndi kupempha chikhululuko. Mfumu kunamizira kukhala wokwiya ngati mwanayo akukana mpando wachifumu ndi cholowa (adazichita).

Pambuyo kuti mayeserowo, anayamba. Poyamba, amathawathawa anapatsa anthu ake onse, "anamukakamiza" iye mchitidwe totupa. Kumangidwa ndi chilango yovomerezeka. Petro anafuna kuona pa mutu wa chiwembu mkazi wake woyamba Evdokia Lopuchin ndi oppositional atsogoleri. Komabe, kufufuza anasonyeza kuti mfumu sanakhutire ndi chiwerengero wokulirapo wa anthu.

imfa

Ngakhale mwachidule yonena za Alexei Petrovich lilibe zoona zokhudza zochitika za imfa yake. Malinga ndi zotsatira za kufufuza, amene anatsogolera onse womwewo Petro Tolstoy, ndi amathawathawa anali kuti aphedwe. Komabe, sizinachitike. Alex anafa June 26, 1718 mu Petro ndi Paulo linga, komwe anakakhalako pa mlandu wake. Mwalamulo analengeza kuti iye anakomoka. Mwina mkulu anaphedwa ndi kuti chinsinsi cha Petulo ndipo mwina iye nafa wopanda posamutsa okhwima kufufuza kuzunzidwa. Pakuti wamphamvu zonse chilango mfumu mwana wake wamwamuna sakanatha manyazi chochitika. Choncho, pali chifukwa kuti iye analamula kuthana ndi Alex pasadakhale. mwanjira ina, koma ana a choonadi ndipo sanaphunzirepo.

Atamwalira Alexei Petrovich zachitika mfundo zachikhalidwe ndi maganizo zimayambitsa sewero chinachitika. Iwo kwagona kuti wolowa anali mchikakamizo cha wakale ndiwofatsa Moscow otchuka ndi ankhanza atsogoleri mfumu. Komabe, podziwa zonse zimene nkhondo, sangakhoze adzatchedwa wompereka kalonga ndipo alibe kukumbukira kuchuluka kwa zolakwa za Peter Ine pa zoopsazo.