Khanate - mtundu wa boma. Pa mutu wa maphunziro ayenera Hagan, kapena mmodzi wa kutanthauzira kwa mutu uwu, "ndi Khan wa khans." akuti anali woyamba anatchulidwa akale Mongolian fuko Xianbi wongosamukasamuka.
Anachokera ku China
Mu BC III zana kuchokera mgwirizano wakale anachitcha "Dungu", kupangidwa m'ma 1100 BC, izo amasankha limodzi mwa mafuko onse. Latsopano kucheza kwa zaka zitatu ndinaitanidwa mu njira zosiyana, ndipo mu 330 anabwera rouran khaganate. boma, anapanga fuko Xianbi inatenga zaka 555. Mu 402, mkulu wa mafuko Zsuzsanna loyamba la onse anayamba kudzitcha kuti Kagan, motero kupanga dzina latsopano la wolamulira wamkulu. Malinga ndi buku lina la mbiri, dzina la fuko anali pansi pake ndi ananyozedwa dzina anapatsidwa ndi Chinese. Zsuzsanna - pang'onopang'ono kukwawa kapena zokwawa. N'zosadabwitsa kuti anthu awa anafuna kukhala pawokha. Pankhaniyi, Khanate - mgwirizano wa mafuko Zsuzsanna, amenenso anali chitaganya.
boma lamphamvu
Ndipo pa chiyambi cha VI zana kuchokera maphunziro, nayenso, anapatula fuko, ankafuna kukhala pawokha. Iwo anapanga Avar Khanate, lomwe lilipo kwa zaka 823 kwa 562. Dera la masiku ano Slovakia ndi Croatia, Romania ndi Hungary, Serbia ndi Ukraine anakwana malo a boma zochokera Hagan Bojan I. Koma 555 ndi Avars ankadziwika kuti ndi Turkey anazunza anthu woyendayendawu kuti achoke ku steppes a kumadzulo Kazakhstan ndi kusamukira lakutali mtsinje wa Volga. Ndipo mu zaka 565-566, atazungulira Carpathians kumpoto, iwo captivate mfumu ya Afulanki Sigebert Ine, akugonjetsa ankhondo ake. M'nthawi anali wodabwa ndi zimenezi, kuti Avars amataya mphatso ya matsenga. Pa pachimake Avar Khanate linayambira ku Nyanja Black kwa Adriatic ndi Alps ku Elbe. Mphamvu Avars anafika zikomo kwa anzeru ndi zovuta ulamuliro luso mtsogoleri Boyan, amene analamulira dziko kuyambira penipeni pa 562 mpaka imfa yake mu 602. Mtsogoleri kuchenjera ndi ena, ndilipo, iye anasintha ogwirizana, kuwononga anthu lonse kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo chifukwa anapanga mfumu Byzantine Tiberius II kupereka msonkho kwa iye. Khanate - osasinthika mwankhanza, ndipo Hagan - wochita mwayekha mu akale woyendayendawu wolowezana, amene, popanda malamulo alionse limabweretsa mwamtheradi mphamvu zonse.
Kugwa kwa colossus ndi
Mu kuphunzira mbiri akale, pali nthawi zonse maganizo ochepa pa nkhani yomweyo. Choncho, ngozi zimachitika magulu osiyanasiyana: a mongolojazychnym, kuti aku Iran-lingual, ndi Turk. Oyimira a sukulu pofukula ku Hungary, amene gawo Avar Khanate, gawo lalikulu la a Avars kuti Europeoids ndi chabe stratum kakang'ono - kwa Mongoloid. Koma ochepa uyu wa anthu zatenganso mbali lalikulu, anali anthu osankhika boma Avar. Izo zikhoza kapadera kuti mamembala a osankhika kulamulira sanali kuphunzira ndi anthu anagonjetsa. Enanso kutali kugonjetsedwa loyamba la Avars analandira ku Constantinople mu 626. Nthawi yomweyo kuchokera Khanate anakhala anapambulwa fuko lililonse - woyamba anathamanga Kutrigurs ano Bulgarians. Mu 631, Khan Alcek, wolamulira wam'tsogolo wa Great Bulgaria anabwerera ndi ku Kaganate asilikali ake pambuyo Pofuna analephera kulanda mphamvu. Kenako Avars okha kuteteza ndi abwerere. Kuyambira Dalmatia Croatia aithamangitse iwo m'chaka 640. Dobila Khanate Franco-Avar nkhondo, womwe unatenga nthawi yaitali. Pang'onopang'ono ananyamuka anthu onse akapolo. Ndipo otsiriza, dera anasankha Pannonia Avars ndi Afulanki, lotsogoledwa ndi atabatizidwa kale Hagan m'chaka 899 anagwira Hungarians. Avars kwathunthu unatha. Mbisoweka boma kamodzi zamphamvu zimene anakhala 3.5 zaka.
Polity Kaganates amphamvu kwambiri
funso n'lakuti, kodi Khanate, mmene ntchito, chifukwa Mwamsanga, kawirikawiri pachabe. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Hagan - munthu, amene anali nayo mphamvu kenako mtheradi, osankhidwa ndi khamu dziko. The Khazar Khaganate ndi Aavrskom ntongi akhali Viceroy tudun anapatsidwa supervisory, gulu ndi zamtendere ntchito, ndipo yugur, amene anali mwina mkulu wa ansembe. Msonkho anasonkhana olemekezeka - Tarkhans. Ndipo patsogolo pawo, mu utsogoleri wolowezana, atsogoleri a mafuko, chimene anachita ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu dongosolo la dziko. Iwo chidatengedwa ndi anthu awo Ku Khanate. Mwina ndicho chifukwa, na ciyezezo ku nkhope ya Dziko Lapansi ndi boma kuti anali Mipikisano mitundu.
boma lina Turkey
Turgesh inatenga nthawi yaitali - kuchokera pachiyambi mpaka pakati pa VIII atumwi. Pa chiyambi cha mtsogoleri m'ma Turgeshes Ushlik chiwonongeko Chinese kazembe acimuuza kuchonderera Hagan China. Iye anapanga likulu lake Suyab, amene anali uliwonse wake. Onse m'gawo latsopano Kaganate m'gulu 20 mayunitsi dera lililonse limene lili pa amuna 7 zikwi. Iwo inali ku madera a zigawo Chinese ndipo anatambasula ku Beshbaliq kuti Tashkent. M'chaka 705 chifukwa cha kuopseza adani Aluya a dziko kaganat mgwirizano ndi China, ndipo ukugawa mphamvu Arab. Olamulira zotsatirazi - Corey, Zheng, Great Suluk umene unafika pachimake Khanate, anatsogolera nkhondo bwino ndi Aluya, ndi China. Koma pambuyo kupha Sitefano Suluk mphamvu anayamba kuzembera kutali manja a m'malo, amene anali Kutsha ndi Baga-Tarhan, Bilge ndi Tengri-Ilmysh - Hagan wotsiriza, amene imfa turgesh unatha. Panali ndalama za boma ndi zolemba Sogdian, zinapangidwa pansi olamulira amenewa.
Yatsopano pa malo akale
Pang'ono motalikira analipo East Tyurkskiy Kaganat. likulu unali mzinda wa Balik-Orda. Mbiri ya boma woyendayendawu inayamba mu 603, pambuyo kugwa kwa khanate Turkic m'magulu Western ndi kum'mawa. Kwa zaka zitatu, utangoyamba East Khanate, adali ndi malire wamba China, adatengedwa pamodzi ndi Iye ndithu nkhondo bwino, koma 630, dziko kachiwiri nkhondo ufumu Turkic. zaka 50 anapandukira Kok-Turkey, zomwe zinachititsa wobwezeretsedwa khanate East pansi dzina latsopano - Kok-Turk. Ndipo kachiwiri, asilikali ake nkhondo ndi asilikali a oyandikana China - m'chaka 686 pa Xinzhou, 694 - pafupi Linchzhou. Chachiwiri Qapagan Mochur Hagan, amene analamulira kuyambira zaka 693 kwa 716 bwino litalanda China m'chaka 698 ndipo anagonjetsa asilikali lachifumu. Kumutsatira 6 olamulira bwino choterocho si akwaniritsa. Ndipo pomaliza, Kulun-bek, Khanate m'magulumagulu 745 asilikali anagonjetsedwa Chiuwiga Khan Sambani-Chura. Kok-Tyurkskiy Kaganat dera makilomita lalikulu 4 miliyoni, aumbike mwa 682, unatha.
maphunziro atsopano amphamvu
Karluk Khanate, amene anauka zaka 11 pambuyo kugwa kwa Kok-Turk - komanso Turkic boma, ndipo analipo zaka 940 Cha ku 756. Malo wotanganidwa ndi iwo, danga m'gulu pakati pa nyanja ndi Issyk Kuli Balkhash kwa sing'anga Syr Daria Dzhungarskiy kuti matchalitchi anayamba. Ie ndi mu osiyanasiyana Kazakhstan ano. Karluk Khanate mizu anachokera wa dera la kumadzulo kwa ndisungunuka kamodzi (mu 603) la limati Turkic. Ngakhale nthawi zina pansi pa mphamvu ya China, pa chiyambi cha VIII m'ma Karluk (Okhala izi) kuyamba kusamuka pang'onopang'ono kumadzulo. Za iwo kuyambira V atumwi. Komanso multibreeding m'dera - mu zikuchokera awo limodzi ndi VII atumwi, mafuko monga Bulak, chigil ndi Tashlyk. Pa njira ya magulu otsatirawa kukhala wamphamvu latsopano Kaganate anapambana chigonjetso zikuluzikulu. Choncho, iwo anathandiza Aarabu 751 Nkhata mu Talas, kapena Atlahskoy (Talas chigwa Atlah mzinda), nkhondo yolimbana China (Tang Mafumu). Iwo anamenya ndi kum'mawa Turkic Khaganate. Koma mphamvu ya Karluk ankadziwa akuluakulu, sizinakhalitse. Iye anali kwambiri chosakanikirana ndi maphunziro wina Turkic - East Turkestan, kulanda anthu 940 Cha, likulu la Karluk Khanate Balasgun. Komabe, gawo la anthu anathawa kuwoloka mtsinje Kapena, kutalika mu Mitsinje Zisanu ndi ziwiri, kumene ogwa atsopano otchedwa Karluk Khanate. Anakhala likulu Kaylaka.
Tsoka zachisoni
Pa funso zimene Khanate, yankho n'chakuti mwangwiro muthu boma. Paliponse mu Europe kapena America sanachitepo ngati formations. Mu Asia, panali ndithu kwambiri - panali ena Russian Khanate mu wotsika Don. Iyenso, unatha mu zaka za m'ma IX. Monga mmene mbiri, unlucky ndithu boma - kaganats zonse zinawonongedwa, ndipo anthu ambiri mbisoweka popanda kufufuza kapena kusungunuka pakati pa mafuko ena, monga Khazars, ndi Avars. Koma tanthauzo la limati Turkic n'zovuta Musaone. Chifukwa patsogolo ankhondo a chikhalidwe East linatukuka ndi zomwe akuluakulu akale Mediterranean. mafuko ambiri mwa China ndi kufika kwa Ulaya, pa msewu anaphatikizana ndi mizereyi moyo wa anthu awa.