Ndi Gauls ku Rome wakale ndani?

Kuti timvetse amene Gauls, ndi okwanira amatchula mbiri wakale wa Europe. m'mafuko amenewa ankakhala zimene tsopano ndi France mu zaka V-ine. BC. e. Ndi chiyambi anali Aselote, zomwe zimachititsa iwo ndi ndiye eni ake a UK ndi Ireland. The Gauls anagonjetsa Aroma, kapena kani, Yuliem Tsezarem. Ndiye kenako Romanized ndipo anataya mizu.

magwero

Aselote - ndicho amene Gauls m'lingaliro wodziika cha mtundu wawo. Kukhala m'gulu la wamba zikhalidwe achikunja a ku Ulaya kumpoto kwa Rome, iwo anali mbali zonse khalidwe la gulu. Gauls mtundu linapangidwa mu BC VII atumwi. e. m'dera pakati pa Rhine ndi Upper Danube. Pang'onopang'ono, anasamukira ku kumadzulo ndipo anakakhala wamakono France.

The IV m'ma BC. e. Gauls anapanga yokopa angapo mwamakani ndi anansi awo. M'chaka 397 BC. e. iwo anaukira Etruscans, amene anakhala pa magombe a mtsinje Po, ndipo mu 390 BC. e. amalimbana Rome, ngakhale paulendo wawo analanda mzinda zinathera m'chaka kulephera. Kulinganiza ndi inspirer la ntchito ku Italy anali mtsogoleri Brennus.

Ndi kugwa

Kummawa, m'chigawo cha okhala Amitundu anafika Bohemia ndi Danube. M'zaka III BC. e. ankamenyana ndi Macedonia, wofooka pambuyo mndandanda wa nkhondo yapachiweniweni. ndi Gauls ndi ndani? Iwo wapatali mercenaries. ntchito yawo ntchito ndi Carthage Hannibal, kwa zaka zambiri kumenyana ndi Republic Roma. The Gauls ndiwo anaphatikiza bwino asilikali Punic mu Nkhondo ya Cannae mu 216 BC. e.

Maluwa a gulu anagwa mafuko III m'ma BC. e. Pa kuyitana kwa kazembe wa ku Bituniya Nicomedes Ine ya Gauls, ngakhale ndinasamukira ku Asia Minor. Kumeneko anadziwika monga masikono, anakhazikitsa boma latsopano lotchedwa Galatiya. M'zaka II BC. e. Aselote anayamba kuvutika kugonjetsedwa ndi anansi awo. zimamupweteka awiri kumapeto kwa zaka zino Gau. Kumbali ina ya Aroma potsiriza anagonjetsa ano kum'mwera France. Pali latsopano Republican m'chigawo cha Narbonne Gau analengedwa. Komano pa Aselote, kumpoto ndi kum'mawa anaukira mafuko German (Teutons ndi Cimbrians). Iwo anawononga bata pamaso Gau. Pang'onopang'ono, Aselote anakakamizika kunja kwa Ulaya ndipo Germany.

romanization

Dzitetezeni ku Gauls anali kugonjetsedwa nkhondo yolimbana ndi Aroma mu zaka 59-51. BC. e. Gulu lankhondo la Republic analamula Yuliy Tsezar. Commander anagonjetsa zonse Gau ndipo anapanga mbali ya boma limodzi. Komabe, Caesar anazindikira kuti liwiro kuti agonjetse komaliza sikuthandiza. Choyamba, Gau sizinayende anakhala Roma. Kachiwiri, pafupifupi hafu ya mafuko analandira udindo wa anzawo a Republic, kapena anthu chabe ufulu. Ndi amene Gauls ku Roma.

The ndondomeko ya Romanization anali pang'onopang'ono. Komanso, boma woyikidwa misonkho wotsika komanso polemba ndi Gauls. Ankachita zimenezi pofuna kusangalatsa Aselote ndi kupewa zipolowe zida. Koma kusakhutira ndi ulamulilo wa Aroma, mpaka pano. Mu Ine atumwi ku Gau anathyola zipolowe angapo. Komabe, iwo anali mu magulu aang'ono kapena okanidwa, kapena manyazi usilikali ndipo sanali chilengedwe dziko khalidwe. Sikoti chachigayeliki Potsiriza anafa za VI atumwi. M'malo olankhulidwa Latin, omwe anakhala wotsogolera wa French ano.

Ukapolo ku Gau

Kuyesa kuyankha funso amene galls izi, m'pofunika kuyang'ana pa kapangidwe ka dziko lawo. Monga anthu ambiri Kale, iwo anali ogaŵikana amuna mfulu ndi akapolo. udindo wawo unali wofanana ndi umene unali mu akapolo Mediterranean. Masiku ano, zipangizo yodalirika pa galls opezeka zolemba za wogonjetsa Yuliya Tsezarya. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pafupifupi sanali kufotokoza ubale wa anthu mfulu ndi akapolo, monga madongosolo awa anali ofanana Roma.

Pamene akufa m'banja lachifumu, pa manda atsopano anatentha akapolo ake. Akapolo mu fuko lino kwakhala aang'ono, chifukwa ambiri mwa akaidi awo nsembe kwa milungu yachikunja, ndipo iwo anali gulu lalikulu la akapolo amene anatenga latsopano.

Kudziwa ndi osauka

Free Chiwerengero cha Gau anali m'magulu atatu: druids (ansembe) mukudziwa ndi anthu wamba. M'chigawo yotsala ya anthu sanali pakati. Society anali stratified kwambiri malinga ndi banjalo. Ubwino okha a anthu osalakwa anali anthu wamba osauka ambiri wake. Onse a zinthu lamanzere kwambiri wolakalakika.

Kodi Gauls dziko? Iwo Aselote, anawalamulira dziko kwambiri moti anthu wamba kwenikweni amchigulu, mosiyana ndi Aroma chomwecho, kumene kunali mabungwe demokalase. Analephera kuteteza zofuna zawo wamba anatsatira zothandizira mipingo yawo ya munthu wolemekezeka, ndipo makamaka anagwera mu ukapolo.

Chotero sitepe zikhoza kupangitsa ngongole Gau, popereka msonkho, komanso kuvutitsidwa ndi zina wolemekezeka anzake. Free wamba anali kukhala akapolo. Komano, ndi pamalo ochezera mu ntchito ya usilikali patsogolo pawo anali wokonzeka. Olimba mtima ndi ungwazi kawirikawiri saloledwa kubwerera ufulu kokha, komanso kukhala gawo la amazikonda anthu otchuka. Anthu anathamangira akulu ndi akulu, anapeka oimira mabanja ambiri wolemekezeka ndi wotchuka.

Ankhondo a Gauls

Maziko a asilikali Gallic anali apakavalo. Aselote anasiya ntchito za magareta. Utumiki wa asilikali okwera pamahatchi inali nkhani cha kutchuka, nagwa mamembala mwayi wa anthu. Akuyesera kuti afotokoze amene Gauls ndi Thracians ndi anthu ena a Kale, olemba mbiri zambiri Chibwezeni kwa kusanthula usilikali. Ndi chifanizo cha anthu a. Wokondedwa apakavalo machenjerero anali kuukira mofulumira anathandiza kwambiri kuti tithe okwera. Adani nthawi zambiri osachisunga ngati zolimba pagulu mutu nathawa.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti oyenda Gallic kumenyana zina ngakhale dzanja m'manja. The melee anali m'manja mwa chikopa, umene unachitikira pa mutu ndi nyumba wandiweyani ziwembu kusinkhasinkha ndi mivi kuwombera. Kodi Gauls, komanso komwe ankakhala? midzi anamwazikana lonse la France zamakono Belgium. Pamene ati asilikali vuto la nkhondo zikuluzikulu (Mwachitsanzo, mu nkhani ya Aroma kuukira), asilikali si oimira okha a m'madera osiyana m'mayiko ambirimbiri ndiponso magulu a anthu, komanso anthu mosiyanasiyana kukhala luso karate. Monga ulamuliro, wamkulu wa asilikali ndi zofunika kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito nkhokwe, chindichepere akatswiri anali oyenda wake.

maonekedwe

Kupanda mfundo zodalirika kwachititsa kuti pa chikhalidwe lero unakhazikitsidwa m'njira ochiritsira Gau, zomwe si kumatsutsana nthawi zambiri ndi mbiri yoona. Mwachitsanzo, Amitundu (popeza Middle Ages) akuoneka ngati wamtali woyera tsitsi anthu. zizindikiro izi sizachilendo kwa northerners onse European. Ndi zinthu izi amagwiritsidwa Ufumuyo Germany ndi ku Scandinavia.

Mbwenye mbani Gauls, ndi zimene zimaoneka ngati? Chigoba mabwinja anapeza zinthu zakale pa malo oimika magalimoto, kusonyeza kuti zikuchokera awo enieni zinali zosiyana kwambiri. The Gauls anali sikuti kokha wamtali ndi chilungamo. Pa nthawi yomweyo olemba mabuku akale taonera chizolowezi chawo ambiri mosamala kuyan'ana ukhondo zawo.

Kwenikweni, Gauls anali ndi tsitsi lalitali (kuphatikizapo munthu), ndi osambitsidwa ndi laimu madzi (zomwe, poyamba, zinachititsa kuti pang'onopang'ono mphenzi shag). iwo anakonda mitundu yonse ya ndevu ndi ndevu zapamlomo wapamwamba. Kawirikawiri Chalk ngati zibangili ndi mikanda. Gauls nsapato anali zidendene matabwa. Cholinga zothandiza osiyana ndi durability, kuyambira Amitundu mwaluso waluso popanga zimakhala.

chipembedzo

Kumvetsetsa kwa malo a uzimu moyo wa Amitundu kumathandiza kumvetsa amene Gauls. Moyo ndi chipembedzo cha mtundu umenewu wakhala zogwirizana. Mbali yaikulu ya chikhulupiriro cha Gauls anali mwambo wa chirengedwe. Werengani mitengo, nkhalango, zomera zamatsenga. Aselote ankalambira madzi - akasupe, mitsinje, nyanja, mitsinje ndi nyanja. The Gauls ankakhulupirira kuti kuli akasupe ndipo ndinaganiza malo awa, zobisika mu ziyangoyango kwambiri, wopatulika.

Kodi Gauls ku Roma komanso komwe ankakhala, olemba mbiri amakono tikudziwa pophunzira otalikirana. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi chipembedzo. Kudziwa za zikhulupiriro munaupereka mwa Gauls ndi retelling m'kamwa. Choncho, pambuyo pa imfa ya chitukuko wosasiya timva kwalembedwa za chipembedzo cha akunja.

Druids

Maphunziro a ansembe kusiyana ndi Gauls insularity, monga anthu ambiri masiku amakedzana. Komabe, ansembe ndi zizindikiro zawo khalidwe. Choyamba, mutu wawo sunali cholowa, ziyenera amazipeza mozama chidziwitso cha chikhulupiriro chawo. Kachiwiri Druids sanali ansembe okha. Iwo anachita monga oweruza, asing'anga ndi zakuthambo.

Miyambo awo ansembe ntchito mistletoe. Iye akhapidziwa kuti chitsamba uyu ali katundu zamatsenga. Mistletoe anamugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala komanso anawachitira maere, ndi kunenera za mtsogolo. Druids achita nsembe. Pakuti miyambo amenewa anapangidwa "The nsugwi Man" - khungu mu mawonekedwe a thupi limene anthu anaphedwa zolinga mwambo. kumanga unapangidwa wa nsugwi. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Druids anali akadali odya anzawo.