The Republic Roma

Pambuyo athamangitsidwe wa authoritarian ndi wopondereza Tarquinius Superbus pa Rome anakhazikitsa boma Republican. (. 509 - 27 BC) Republic Roma unachitikira mu magawo awiri mu mbiri yake: otchedwa oyambirira (509-265 BC.) Ndipo mochedwa (264-27 BC). ndi mabwalo. Pa nthawi mapangidwe ake ku Rome mofulumira kukhala kupanga omwe anathandiza kuti kusintha kwambiri chikhalidwe.

Dongosolo boma la Roma mu nthawi ino Chili mbali ya lolemera ndipo demokalase. The maudindo otchuka anali m'gulu - wolemera osankhika slaveholders.

Woyima mu Roma anali okhawo amene anali ndi ufulu, banja ndi nzika. Anthu onse unagawidwa mfulu ndi kapolo. Zoyambazo, nayenso nkhani magulu awiri kalasi: pamwamba pa olemera kapolo eni komanso alimi ang'ono-ang'ono (alimi ndi amisiri, umene uli pafupi ndi osauka okhala m'mizindayo). Akapolo inali ya boma kapena payekha payekha.

Republic Roma anawalandira mu kalasi waukulu molakwika. magwero ukapolo anali ukapolo wa nkhondo, komanso chiyambi kuchita samoprodazha. Mphamvu ya eni akapolo analibe malamulo.

Ndi mtundu wonse mfulu anthu Republic unagawidwa anthu ndi Peregrine (alendo). Nzika akapolo ndi Omasulidwa, koma iwo okha mu ufulu wawo.

Pambuyo II -II mu. BC mwayi kalasi iliyonse - awa ndiwo anthu olemekezeka (patricians olemera ndi plebs kwenikweni) ndi okwera (malonda ndi ndalama zindikira nzika). Nawo msonkhano, komanso kugwira gosdolzhnosti akanakhoza kokha mwininyumba - mutu wa mabanja.

andale a Republic Roma anali. Akuluakulu apamwamba boma anali awa: seneti, congresses anthu ndi maphunziro. Assembly anthu anali a mitundu itatu: centuriata, tributa ndi kuriatnye. Udindo waukulu nyimbo ndi misonkhano centuriata. Ndi pakati pa III. BC Assembly dongosolo zasintha. Iwo kale anapereka osati olemekezeka ndi olemera akapolo ndipo aliyense wa Akamva nzika olemera anayamba kuonetsa nambala yomweyo ya zaka. Mu kuchuluka kwa yamtunduwu awo ku chikhazikitso cha malamulo, atchedwe nkhondo, madandaulo a ziganizo imfa.

Importance mu umoyo ndale moyo ankaimba ndi seneti. Ngakhale yokhala zinali thupi chenjezo, koma mphamvu yake ndi ntchito anali ndalama, malamulo, wa gulu la mpatuko achipembedzo, malo, chitetezo onse ndi mfundo yachilendo.

ofesi Public ankatchedwa magistracy. Iwo anali ogaŵikana yachibadwa (wamba) positi nthumwi, censors, praetors, quaestors, etc. ndipo zapadera (zapadera) analengedwa pa zochitika mwadzidzidzi: nkhondo etc. kupanduka Malinga ndi Senate, adzakhala anaika olamulira.

The Republic Roma zochokera ankhondo, zomwe unachita kwambiri mu moyo wa boma. Pa nthawi imeneyo mfundo yachilendo anali yodziŵika ndi nkhondo pafupifupi mosalekeza. Panali kulimbana ndi Carthage kwa chigawo cha Western Mediterranean (pafupifupi 120, kuchokera 264 BC ku 146 BC inatenga Punic Nkhondo). Komanso nthawi imeneyi chifukwa cha nkhondo ndi Syria ndi Macedonia. Ndi 146 BC Republic Roma zinakhazikitsa ukulu wake pa Mediterranean.

Development wa kapolo anthu mu nthawi ya Republic zinachititsa kuti aggravation zotsutsana wolemera ndi kalasi. Mu II. BC. e. mavuto linaphulika polis bungwe.

Kugwa Republic anali limodzi ndi zochitika monga awiri Sicilian kapolo anapanduka ndi molamulidwa ndi Spartacus (74-70 gg.do BC), kulimbana pakati pa nzika yaikuluikulu, kunachitika kayendedwe ka plebs kumidzi kutsogoleredwa ndi abale Gracchi, ndi anagwirizana nkhondo obscheitaliyskim kupandukira Rome mphamvu, imene inatha ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa ulamuliro wa Yosunga, ndiyeno - Kaisara.