Declaration of Human Rights: chikalata kwambiri

Bastille linga ndi adani ake, wotchuka chosintha nyimbo "Marseillaise," imfa ya chida cha chilungamo ndi mipando guillotine, ndi Jacobin kalabu, mantha, ndale kupondereza - ndi zimene zimadza m'maganizo pamene izo zifika ku French kuukira boma. Koma zochitika za nyengo yovutayo si langokhala nkhani chabe wamagazi kwambiri ndi mndandanda wosatha za nkhondo mkati ndi kunja. Apo ayi, kodi ukulu wa zisinthe izi? Ndipo ndi kwa nthawi yoyamba mu mbiri anali, mu kuchita, anapanga pofuna muyika mumachitidwe malingaliro, pamaso zaka ankaona zosatheka mwamtheradi. Mu mawonekedwe ambiri achidule akamanena za maganizo anakonza mu chiphiphiritso wachisavundi wa ulimi "azimai fraternity ndi ufulu," ndipo mu mawonekedwe zambiri otukuka, iwo anayamba analowa mbiri ya dziko m'chikalata monga Declaration of Human Rights.

Pa Great utasintha mu France, izo mabuku angapo mapepala ndi dzina ofanana. Mwachitsanzo, woyamba wa iwo - Mfundo za Ufulu wa munthu ndi wa nzika za 1789, amawatenga Assembly Constituent (otchedwa chosintha yamalamulo), Article №1 analengeza kuti anthu amabadwa ndi ufulu ndipo ali ndi ufulu wofanana.

Mu Nkhani yachiwiri ikunenedwa kuteteza ufulu wa zachilengedwe wa munthu monga cholinga chachikulu cha mgwirizano ndyale, ndipo akamanena za ufulu okha ndi ufulu, pamaso pa chuma, palibe choopsa moyo ndi kuthekera kukana kuponderezana.

Ananenanso kuti lero akuwoneka zachilengedwe kwathunthu, koma ndiye ankaoneka moona chosintha - Kuyanjana pakathi pa onse, mosatengera kuti kalasi chowonjezera, pamaso pa lamulo, a ufulu payekha, ufulu wa chikumbumtima, kulankhula ndi atolankhani. Sakadaifika pambali zachuma ndi njira ndalama - Declaration of Human Rights ananena chuma "inviolable ndi wopatulika pomwe," ndipo nayenso anakhazikitsa yunifolomu kufalitsidwa kwa malipiro msonkho wa nzika zonse, ndondomeko yawo ya deta ndi ntchito anaziika. nkhani zingapo ananena latsopano, zambiri mwapang'onopang'ono malamulo ambiri malamulo - pa lamulo, pa dongosolo la chilungamo ndi zina zotero. Zogwirizana m'masiku athu ndi makonzedwe a Article 15 pa ufulu wa nzika kukakamiza mlandu uliwonse boma.

Kumene, analengeza mu masabata choyamba cha zitasintha, Declaration of Human Rights anali ndi zovuta kwambiri. Iwo kumlingo inathetsedwa mu kope ake wotsatira. Declaration of Human Rights ndi wa nzika mu 1793 anali wodzilemekeza angapo a ufulu okhudzidwa: ufulu wodandaulira, msonkhano, ndipo ngakhale kukana akuluakulu ngati kulakwila zofuna zake yovomerezeka anthu. Iwo anatsindika udindo wa anthu kusamalira nzika osauka ndi olumala, ndipo umatchedwanso Kukwezeleza maphunziro kwa anthu ambiri.

Popeza chiyambi cha zikalata zonsezi anatenga zaka zoposa ziwiri, koma lero Declaration of Human Rights amakhalabe mmodzi wa zolengedwa chidwi kwambiri ndi lofunika kwambiri la malingaliro a anthu, omwe zonse za ufulu ndi udindo wa anthu onse a anthu moona demokalase.